presentation on perception

1. Study on Perception
Institute of Business Management &
Research
Apoorva Yadav
Pravinder Singh
Debashish
Nagendra Babu
Suganya
Uday Pavan

2. What do you see?

3. What is Perception?
Organization, identification & interpretation of
sensory information to understand the environment
Shaped by learning, memory, expectation & attention
Perceptions help us form opinions
Principle of Proximity
Principle of Similarity

5. ! Causes & Effects !
Effect of Experience
Wine-tasting
reading of X-ray images
 Music Appreciation
Effect of Motivation and Expectation
hungry people notice the smell of food
At its home ground CSK has to win the match
Types of Perceptions:
Sound
Speech
Touch
Taste
Social

6. CLASSICAL THEORY
Learning that occurs when a conditioned stimulus
(CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US)
The theory was given by Mr Ivan Pavlov
Usually, the CS is a neutral stimulus (e.g., the sound
of a tuning fork), the US is biologically potent (e.g., the
taste of food) and the unconditioned response (UR) to
the US is an unlearned reflex response
The CR is usually similar to the UR , but unlike the
UR, it must be acquired through experience and is
relatively impermanent.

7. Pavlov observed the UR (salivation) produced when
meat powder (US) was placed in the dog's mouth
 He then rang a bell (CS) before giving the meat
powder
 After some repetitions of this pairing of bell and meat
the dog salivated to the bell alone
This demonstrated what Pavlov called a "conditional"
response, now commonly termed "conditioned
response" or CR.

8. Application of Perception in Organizations
Employment Interviews:
Stress interviews
Casual meetings with the client
Group Discussions
Performance Appraisals
In promotions
Increments
Feedback for transfers
Assessing Level of Efforts:
In teamwork
Individual Projects
Assessing Loyalty

9. Perceptual Errors
Stereotypes:
Based on appearances, location
Halo (Horn) Effects:
 1 Outstanding characteristic noted
Selective Perception
What we think or want to say
Self fulfilling Prophecy
People respond the way you expected the way they will
respond
Projection
 False appearance of self

10. How to Decrease the Errors Involved in Perception
Complete understanding of the process minimizes the
negative effect
Comparisons in perceptions to improve tolerance
Willingness to change with the change in organization
Behavioral improvement also leads to perception
improvement

11. Thank
You