The document discusses the UN's contributions to development thinking and practice over its first 60 years. Some of the key points made include:
1. The UN has made important intellectual contributions to ideas, analysis, and policymaking in economic and social areas, which is one of its most significant achievements.
2. Many of the UN's ideas and thinking on development issues have had major positive impacts in many countries, though they initially faced controversy.
3. The UN's role has been to take the stance of "constructive dissent", pioneering ideas that were later adopted by organizations like the World Bank and IMF.
Presentation by Dr. Teppo Eskelinen, philospher and freelance journalist, discussing the concept of "development" and the relationship oj journalism to development
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Presentation by Dr. Teppo Eskelinen, philospher and freelance journalist, discussing the concept of "development" and the relationship oj journalism to development
Key messages & voices from the Post-2015 Addressing Inequalities ConsultationInequalities 2015
This presentation contains key messages that emerged from the Consultation. The consultation ran from Sept 2012-Jan 2013, co-lead by UN Women and UNICEF, supported by the Governments of Denmark and Ghana. The final report draws conclusions from 175 written submissions, 10 online discussions and inputs from an Advisory Group from the United Nations and Civil Society.
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Presentation slides from David Hulme,Executive Director, Brooks World Poverty Institute and Professor of Development Studies at the University of Manchester, Sussex Development Lecture, Learning from the Millennium Development Goals
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It is a multidisciplinary field with contributions from ecology, demography, anthropology, geography, international relations, political science, history, sociology and public management. Development Studies in India is more ‘problem-oriented’ rather than ‘discipline-oriented’. This area of study is concerned with bringing intellectual power to solve major societal problems by selecting suitable theory, techniques and methods as a foundation for studies, which improve our understanding. It is normative and is not just concerned with knowledge generation for its own sake, but with knowledge creation as an influential tool to improve social and natural conditions.
Development meaning, definition, indicators and processJayati Sharmaa
This power point presentation presents the meaning and definition of Development; for the students of development communication. It covers all the major aspects of "introduction to development" including- Development Indicators, Process, UNDP recommendations and Human Development Index.
Development Studies as a course and discipline is only taught in at least 3 universities in the Philippines. This yet popular academic program in the tertiary, graduate and post-graduate schools may be a great options for students and professionals whose work outlook and demand is imperative in the community, national and international arena.
Presentation slides from David Hulme,Executive Director, Brooks World Poverty Institute and Professor of Development Studies at the University of Manchester, Sussex Development Lecture, Learning from the Millennium Development Goals
Importance of Studying Development Studiesopjindalglobal
It is a multidisciplinary field with contributions from ecology, demography, anthropology, geography, international relations, political science, history, sociology and public management. Development Studies in India is more ‘problem-oriented’ rather than ‘discipline-oriented’. This area of study is concerned with bringing intellectual power to solve major societal problems by selecting suitable theory, techniques and methods as a foundation for studies, which improve our understanding. It is normative and is not just concerned with knowledge generation for its own sake, but with knowledge creation as an influential tool to improve social and natural conditions.
10 Insightful Quotes On Designing A Better Customer ExperienceYuan Wang
In an ever-changing landscape of one digital disruption after another, companies and organisations are looking for new ways to understand their target markets and engage them better. Increasingly they invest in user experience (UX) and customer experience design (CX) capabilities by working with a specialist UX agency or developing their own UX lab. Some UX practitioners are touting leaner and faster ways of developing customer-centric products and services, via methodologies such as guerilla research, rapid prototyping and Agile UX. Others seek innovation and fulfilment by spending more time in research, being more inclusive, and designing for social goods.
Experience is more than just an interface. It is a relationship, as well as a series of touch points between your brand and your customer. Here are our top 10 highlights and takeaways from the recent UX Australia conference to help you transform your customer experience design.
For full article, continue reading at https://yump.com.au/10-ways-supercharge-customer-experience-design/
How to Build a Dynamic Social Media PlanPost Planner
Stop guessing and wasting your time on networks and strategies that don’t work!
Join Rebekah Radice and Katie Lance to learn how to optimize your social networks, the best kept secrets for hot content, top time management tools, and much more!
Watch the replay here: bit.ly/socialmedia-plan
http://inarocket.com
Learn BEM fundamentals as fast as possible. What is BEM (Block, element, modifier), BEM syntax, how it works with a real example, etc.
Content personalisation is becoming more prevalent. A site, it's content and/or it's products, change dynamically according to the specific needs of the user. SEO needs to ensure we do not fall behind of this trend.
Presentation slides from David Hulme,Executive Director, Brooks World Poverty Institute and Professor of Development Studies at the University of Manchester, Sussex Development Lecture, Learning from the Millennium Development Goals
Implementing Startup Loans
Introduction
In Ethiopia bank lending is the primary source of external finance for large business which can provide collateral, but it presents challenges for micro, small, and medium enterprises(MSMEs) and new innovative companies with higher risk-return, not-qualified, and not capable to provide collaterals. Due to this gaps the MSMEs and new companies face difficulties in obtaining loans, leading them to seek alternative sources. The government has been taking steps to provide adequate finance to startups, but the success of these schemes remains questionable. CBE has been financing startups indirectly by financing MFIs; but it insignificant when to achieve the existing demand. Therefore, providing financing mechanism for those who have a profitable business idea can be a success area for both the Bank and customers.
CBE is going to provide loan named as Idea financing to help a new and innovative business launch and grow. Like any other loans, it is a type of loan that shall be paid back with regular repayment at a fixed interest rate. The fund can be used for many different things such as developing prototype, testing products, purchasing machinery, premises, and marketing.
CBE’s startup loans are part of the customer segmentation based service designed to help new innovative business access finance that might otherwise be difficult to get
Objectives
On 15th July 2023, Commercial Bank of Ethiopia has officially signed MoU and partner with Ethiopian Youth Entrepreneurs Association on zelela 7th round “From Innovative idea to commercialization”. The association has launched a product with a general objective to support and empower young entrepreneurs in the commercial ventures; like training and mentorship, access to finance, market exposure and innovation competition. Following this, the bank committed and engaged to provide financial and non-financial service by collaborating with different stakeholders to shed light on the young entrepreneurs in Ethiopia by intending to achieve the following specific objectives.
1. To diversify CBE’s credit portfolio.
2. To help entrepreneurs to get business started and growth.
3. To allow entrepreneurs to retain ownership.
4. To achieve national financial accesses goals.
5. Achieve business development efficiency of startups.
Target Groups
Micro business banking department offers unsecured financial access for individuals and wholesale customers, focusing on tailored products for women, start-ups, youth, and manufacturing enterprises. But the target group for this proposal are startups supported and recognized by Ethiopian Youth Entrepreneurship Association(EYEA).
Proposed Startup Loans
Based on the assessment, CBE could provide various ranges of products in a saving and credit scheme for startups. But here, it is recommended that CBE should introduce should Finance Startups by Customizing the Idea Financing Loan product. CBE’s Startups Financing is a loan extended t
The Toolkit offers youth a starting point for determining what has been done to better the lives of young people since 1995. Take a look at this practical resource and put it to use in your community!
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
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Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
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GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and Sales
U nideas
1. The Power of UN Ideas:
Lessons from
the First 60 Years
Based on Richard Jolly, Louis Emmerji, and Thomas G. Weiss, The
Power of UN Ideas: Lessons from the First 60 Years, UN Intellectual
History Project Series, NY, May 2005
3. Introduction
• UN’s record over the last 60 years deserves to
be better known
• Present findings from a critical examination of
the UN’s past in order to see its future more
clearly
• Understanding the past is essential for the UN
moving forward in the 21st century
• “Those who cannot remember the past are
condemned to repeat it.” George Santayana
4. Three conclusions
• UN’s contribution to ideas, analysis, and policy
making in the economic and social arena is
one of its most important achievements
• UN’s thinking and ideas in these arenas have
had a major positive impact in many countries
• Success and failures of the UN reflect the
strengths and weaknesses of commitment and
support from the “two United Nations” – the
member states and the staff members
5. Most salient lessons for the UN
60th anniversary
• Intellectual contributions to ideas, analysis,
and policy making in the economic and social
arenas are the UN’s most important
achievements
• UN’s original vision was built on four pillars;
the first three – peace, development and
human rights - have become increasingly
intertwined and support a consistent and
integrated framework of national and
international priorities
6. Most salient lessons for the UN
60th anniversary
• The UN’s fourth founding pillar – sovereign
independence – although largely achieved during the
UN’s first two decades, is now under scrutiny because
of a concern for reasonable limits on state sovereignty
• UN has been boldly ahead of the curve, moving
beyond conventional wisdom and confronting that
wisdom with alternative thinking and policy proposals
• UN has played the role of constructive dissent; the
World Bank and sometimes the IMF later adopted
positions either pioneered or promoted by the UN –
but which they initially opposed
7. Three factors from the UN’s history
in economic and social matters
1. The UN has contributed to economic and social
thinking and ideas
2. Many of these ideas have a major and worthwhile
impact
3. Many of the ideas have emerged in response to
initiatives of the dominant economic powers,
especially those of the US
8. UN Constructive Dissent since the
Early 1980s
• Special support for the LDCs a focus of UNCTAD
• UNICEF, ECA and ILO argued for a broader
structural adjustment policies in SSA and LAC
• Debt relief for poor countries
• ECE proposed the need for gradual transition in
Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet
Union countries
• UN set and supported quantified, time-dated goals,
which the Bank and the IMF later adopted
• UN’s emphasis on human rights which was neglected
by BWIs
10. • UN pursued a vision enshrined in its Charter and set out ideas
and policy proposals to achieve that vision
• UN incorporated four pillars – peace, development, human
rights and independence – which are now pursued in an
integrated fashion
• UN’s vision of development shifted from narrow economic
perspective to a broader and multidisciplinary dimension
• Peace building is seen as an important ingredient of sustainable
development and development promotes human security and
human rights
• Greater emphasis is given to poverty reduction and the MDGs
which are set in the broader frame of the Millennium Declaration
is a vehicle to bring this about
• The UN development agenda is broadened further by a series
of pioneering UN conferences
11. • UN took the role of constructive dissent in the 1980’s
• UN put forward a more and comprehensive strategy
on development with the publication by UNDP of the
annual Human Development Report in 1990;
successive reports have broadened the concept of
human development
• Human rights integrated into a coherent philosophy
of human development providing a broader strategy
for economic development and human progress
• Conflict resolution accepted as an essential condition
for human development
• Fundamental rethinking about sovereign
independence in light of the need for “humanitarian
intervention” and “the responsibility to protect”
12. • Several key issues identified as major priorities in
the early years of the UN, have dropped out or
faded away – moderating the causes of extreme
instability in developing countries; disarmament
and development; and narrowing extreme gap
between the richest and poorest countries
• Strong decisive actions on these issues could
have changed the entire problematique of the
poorest countries and of the global economy
14. Introduction
• Most of UN’s pioneering contributions initially faced
controversy and passion
• UN’s widened the concept of development making it
more complicated and realistic
• Development now includes human rights, human
security, gender, environmental issues, population,
sustainability and culture
• Measuring concretely the dimensions of the world has
been another UN contribution
15. Quantifying the World
• UN played a leading contribution to national and
international statistics and set the frame for assessing
the world’s economic and social progress – or the lack
of it
• Played a major part in establishing a professional ethic
of statistical independence and objectivity
• Encouraged public access to information, and
contributed to the building of democracy
• Supported the integration of the global statistical
community
• Establishing national accounts
16. Quantifying the World
• International statistics is still inadequate
• UN lost some of its intellectual authority on such
critical issues as human rights, human security, the
operation of transnational corporations, and many
related areas of global performance and global
governance
• Areas needing international attention – human rights
performance; overall resource depreciation; climate
change and global warning; the global nature of
deprivation, inequality and wealth; the determinants of
good governance; participation of civil society in
decision making and human security
17. Setting the Goals
• Formulating, adopting, and promoting global development goals
• Since 1960, a total of 50 goals formulated; results have been
positive but mixed
• World Bank and the IMF shied away from formulating global
goals, and until the last few years ago have not formally
recognized them
• MDGs are the latest in the sequence of setting goals over four
decades
• Although the value of goal setting is often questioned, the record
of achievement is more positive; goals have provided a spur to
national policies and a benchmark for success or failure
18. Human Rights
• Boldest idea among the four pillars underlying the UN
• Over the UN first two decades, the idea of individual
rights and fundamental freedoms clash again and
again with the reality of state interests
• Advances in human rights over the last 50 years due
to individuals, NGOs and states
• Despite the doubts and opposition, the setbacks and
inconsistencies remarkable progress made
• Work still remain to be done in the areas of freedom of
information, cultural rights, the Commission on Human
Rights
• UN leadership achieved remarkable success
19. Sustainability
• UN developed a more integrated approach
and defined sustainable development as
“development which meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs”
• UN instrumental in generating widespread
interest in national resource management,
introducing new concepts of resource
management, and putting population and
environmental problems high on the national
agendas
20. Gender Equality
• The big changes for women in economic and social
development started in the 1960s
• The publication in 1970 of Women’s Role in Economic
Development by the Danish economist Esther
Bosrerup working in ECE marked an intellectual
breakthrough launching the field of women in
development
• The four world conferences on women raised
awareness and mobilized action at a new level and
strengthened the worldwide women’s movement
• The focus on women changed the thinking about
development
21. Human Development
• Defined analytically as a process of strengthening human
capabilities and expanding human choices
• The creative economic thinking and philosophy of Prof. Amartya
Sen the Nobel laureate, gave the human development approach
its robust theoretical foundation
• Marked a fundamental contrast to neoclassical economics
• Provides a frame of reference that could be elaborated and
applied in a wide range of development issues
• A frame of analysis that brought human rights and development
together
• Provided a framework for many UN institutions and governments
to change policies and take practical steps
• A successful UN counter-offensive to the Washington Consensus
22. Human Security
• The long and outspoken concern of the UN for
disarmament and development contrasts with the
years of silence from the World Bank and the IMF
• A major conceptual shift came in 1994 when the UN
Human Development Report articulated the concept of
human security
• Still remains controversial
• An idea that appears to be gaining ground
24. Introduction
• From the beginning the UN emphasized that
international action must complement national efforts
for bringing about equitable development and reducing
global poverty
• An enabling international environment is needed
improve economic interactions between poorer and
richer countries
• UN’s ideas in this area is often controversial and
challenging to conventional thinking, but among the
most creative
25. Trade, Finance and Development
• Fresh thinking on trade and finance distinguishes the
UN’s contributions from the views of the BWIs and
dominant policies of the developed countries over the
last 50 years
• UNCTAD filled an important and often pioneering gap
in the international analysis of trade and finance
• Future confluence of political and economic factors,
linked to greater international stability and addressing
the sense of global injustice will become important
element in the agenda of international economic
relations
26. Aid and Technical Assistance
• UN’s assistance moves beyond multilateral aid relations to
strengthen the economies of underdeveloped countries
• Assistance provided at the request of recipient countries, and
integrated in the development plans of the countries
• Technical assistance involves human investment as well as
physical investment
• UN consistently emphasized social development and poverty
eradication, for example UNICEF’s Adjustment with a Human
Face and the UNDP’s Annual Human Development Reports
• MDGS a more imaginative and realistic type of development
assistance
• The responses to the recent demonstrates that there is little
“fatigue” for technical assistance and aid
27. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and
Transnational Corporations (TNCs)
• UN’s position on FDIs and TNCs evolved from
confrontation to cooperation and voluntary agreements
• UN brought to attention the need for a multilateral
approach in dealing with the TNCs
• The Global Compact seeks to advance responsible
corporate citizenship so that business can be a
positive force to the challenges of globalization
• UN provided a useful forum for the world and a
spawning ground for ideas that have the potential to
make FDIs and TNCs more beneficial to humankind
28. Opposing Orthodoxy
• From early on the UN struggled against the orthodoxy of the day
• UN’s position stands in sharp contrast to the orthodoxy of the
World Bank and IMF, reflecting the different political base of the
institutions concerned
• The BWIs tend to produce analyses and policy recommendations
that reflected the interests and perspectives of the developed
countries while the UN tended to develop analyses, ideas, and
recommendations more in tune with developing countries
• On some issues the BWIs and the UN have came together,
especially during the McNamara years
29. Global Governance
• Defined as collective efforts to identify understand or
address worldwide problems that go beyond the
capacity of individual states to solve
• Refers to concrete cases of cooperative problem
solving, through the complex of institutions,
mechanisms, relationships and processes
• UN is an “intellectual actor”, identifying and diagnosing
problems; developing norms; formulating
recommendations; and sometimes implementing
• Will grow in relevance and importance with a
globalizing world economy
31. Introduction
• UN is not monolithic
• UN ideas over the past 60 years suggest a
cornucopia of perspectives
• Two sources – the world’s region and the civil
society – will be described
32. Regional Perspectives
• The strong point of the UN is its regional and country
perspectives
• The UN’s regional commission have made many important
contributions
• Provided regional leadership, including contributions to the realm
of ideas and policy analysis in trade, energy, industry and
transport as well social policies in education, health, and social
welfare, along with technical assistance
• Selected contributions made by regional commission: Women in
Development; Development Planning; Regionalization versus
Globalization; Independent Regional Analysis
33. Civil Society
• The role of civil society important in all areas of UN
activity
• Most crucial in the case of women and children, the
environment, and human rights
• The Global Compact instrumental in business getting
business more closely interested and involved in UN
activities
• The degree to which NGOs are accountable and
representative has always been an issue; considered
as “loose cannons”
• Having private enterprise get closer to the UN is a
“doubled edged sword” to many
35. Introduction
• Important gaps in conception and execution
• Ideas floated and then forgotten
• More common were ideas which were
dropped, distorted, even consciously
destroyed, reinterpreted, or absorbed into a
different frame
36. Slow Reaction to the Washington
Consensus
• The UN waited until the 1990s to develop a coherent
alternative to the Washington Consensus
• The human development paradigm provides a credible
alternative
• In its application in practice requires theoretical
strength and intellectual courage
37. Global Gaps in Income and Wealth
• In the last few years, issues of global inequality is
“being brought in from the cold”
• The global income gap - per capita income differences
between the richest and poorest countries have
increased
• Such inequalities have deep implications for global
governance, the functioning of the world economy,
human welfare and global equity
38. Debt Relief
• The Highly Indebted Poor countries (HIPCs) Initiatives
although welcomed is grossly inadequate: too little, too
late and with only a handful of countries
• A sad example of the UN’s ideas been ignored or
distorted
39. Special Measures for the LDCs and
for Africa
• In 1998, there are 49 LDCs, accounting for 10 % of the
world’s population with the population of more than
600 million
• Although the UN identified many specific actions to
accelerate growth and development in these countries,
international support is short of the agreed goals
• The region with the bulk of LDCs is Africa
• The New Partnership for Africa’s Development
(NEPAD) and the Millennium Project are the two
initiatives to address Africa’s problems
40. HIV/AIDS
• On combating HIV/AIDS UN arrived late on the scene
• Despite promising beginnings, intellectual and
operational action fell dramatically short of the
challenge
41. Other Areas
• Rethinking what development really means; defining
new objectives for social, economic and cultural
development - nationally, regionally and globally
• More work on culture
44. Intellectual Challenges
• Growing divide between the Islamic world the West
• Measures of human security
• New measures to support the LDCs and countries in
transition
• Cultural aspects in the development equation
• Responding to the long-run challenges of environment
and sustainability
• Global economic inequalities
• Mechanisms to ensure genuine international
competition and free markets
45. Participatory Challenges
• Strengthen developing countries participation
in the management of the global economy
• Recognizing the asymmetries of economic
powers and the factors underlying them
• Devising measures to offset these
asymmetries
• Requesting the appropriate UN institutions to
work closely with the WTO and the BWIs on
these issues
46. Personnel Challenges
• Returning to intellectual leadership through ensuring
creative thinking
• Recognition by the UN system that contributions to
ideas, thinking, analysis and monitoring is the major
part of their work
• Encourage and reward creative thinking of the highest
intellectual quality
• Mobilize more financial support for research, analysis
and policy exploration
• Disseminating new ideas
• Improving relations between the UN and the BWIs