Types of sources
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There are several types of sources that can provide information, with peer-reviewed journals being the most authoritative due to a rigorous review process either by checking Ulrichsweb or a publication's website for details on peer review. Conference articles and proceedings typically are not peer reviewed but may contain timely information. Other sources like books, theses, dissertations, reports and patents generally are not peer reviewed but can still have relevant information.
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This document provides guidance on evaluating different types of sources and determining if they are peer-reviewed. It recommends using Ulrichsweb or checking a publication's website to see if a journal is peer-reviewed. Conference articles may contain timely information but are typically not peer-reviewed. Books, theses, dissertations, reports and patents are generally not considered peer-reviewed but can still contain relevant information.
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This document provides guidance on evaluating academic sources and determining if they are peer-reviewed. It outlines two ways to check if a journal is peer-reviewed using Ulrichsweb or a publication's website. Conference articles may contain more current information than journal articles but are typically not reviewed to the same extent. Other sources like books, theses, dissertations, reports and patents are generally not considered peer-reviewed but can still contain relevant information.
Types of sources
There are several types of sources that can provide information, with peer-reviewed journals being the most authoritative due to a rigorous review process either through an online database or publication website. Conference articles are typically not reviewed to the same degree as journals but can contain more recent findings, while books, theses, reports and patents are not usually peer-reviewed but may still offer relevant information.
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There are no definitive rules for when to end a literature review. A comprehensive review should include all sources that meet the search criteria or allow further criteria to be applied to determine which sources receive analysis. A review identifying significant contributions should cover highly cited works and recent, unique or impactful works. A review framing new research should represent all key issues influencing the new work. Repeating themes in the literature means the breadth of knowledge has been covered. Researchers should continue scanning for new contributions over their work's duration by setting up automated search queries with database providers.
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This document defines literature reviews and outlines their common purposes and products. It discusses two major divisions of literature reviews - those that introduce original research, and those that only collect and summarize existing literature. For the second type, the four most common products are comprehensive assessments of a knowledge domain, quantitative/qualitative assessments of current research, summaries of other reviews, and critical reviews. The intent and desired end product determines how comprehensive the literature review should be.
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Literature reviews have specific purposes and end products depending on their type. There are two major types: those that introduce or frame original research, and those that only collect and summarize existing literature. Common products of summarizing reviews include comprehensive assessments of a knowledge domain, quantitative/qualitative assessments of current research through sampling or examining all literature, summaries of other reviews to synthesize information, and critical reviews of influential sources. The intent and end product of the review determines how comprehensive the literature search should be.
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This document discusses judging the relevance of information based on its subject. It defines relevance as how well an item meets an information need. Relevance is determined on a degree, not a binary scale. Information can fall into three zones of relevance - the specific subject domain, broad subject domain, or outside the domain but still tangentially related. When assessing relevance, one should understand their information need and scan different parts of research articles like the abstract, keywords, background, and conclusions to determine the subjects discussed. Database records and paper sections like the abstract and keywords can help identify the topics covered.
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This document discusses two techniques for finding relevant articles: searching for similar articles based on references from an initial article, or searching based on subject words if no initial articles have been identified yet. Searching for similar articles utilizes the references and information from an article that has already been found to locate related articles, while searching based on subject words relies on descriptive terms when no initial articles are available as a starting point.
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This document defines two types of information needs based on specificity: searching for a known reference where the publication details are already known, and searching for sources that meet certain criteria where the topic is defined but specific publications are unknown. It provides examples of each, such as finding a specific published article with a known title and authors, or finding any articles on a general topic like coordinated control of UAVs.
Topic specificity
The document discusses topic specificity for research, noting that while a perfectly defined topic is not necessary to begin searching, a well-defined topic allows for more efficient searching. It recommends thinking of a topic as a focused area of interest within a broader domain and provides examples of poorly defined, broadly defined, and narrowly defined research topics, with autonomous vehicles, autonomous UAVs, and image recognition algorithms for vision systems in autonomous UAVs as examples ranging from broad to narrow.
Strategies concept block
Concept blocking is a search strategy that breaks topics down into major concepts represented by search terms. Each concept is described with synonyms to capture alternative wordings. The search strings combine the concepts with Boolean operators - using AND between concepts and OR between synonyms. This intuitive approach represents the intersection of knowledge domains that comprise topics. An example breaks down the topic of coordinated control of UAVs into search terms for unmanned aerial vehicles, control/automation, and coordination/cooperation.
Currency
This document discusses how to determine the currency, or recency, of information sources. It notes that what is considered current depends on how rapidly the field is changing, with articles about new materials potentially remaining current for 5 years while those on additive manufacturing may date quickly. It also explains that different source types, like newspapers, conference papers, journal articles, and books, cover events and research at different points along the information cycle, from immediate coverage to discussion years later.
Strategies concept block subject terms
This document discusses concept blocking strategy, an intuitive method for searching topics that breaks them down into major concepts represented by search terms. It recommends using subject terms from databases and considering related terms from thesauri to broaden searches. Search strings should use AND between concepts to narrow the topic and OR between similar terms, while removing concepts broadens the topic. An example search string is provided to coordinate control of unmanned aerial vehicles using subject terms from Compendex.
Strategies successive fractions
This document describes the successive fractions strategy for searching, where a searcher starts with a broad search term related to their topic of interest. They then review the results to identify more specific ideas or topics to refine the search with, adding these additional terms with Boolean AND operators. An example is provided where a searcher starts with a search on "UAV" or "drone", then examines results to add a second search term like "control" or "coordination" to narrow the results. The strategy aims to iteratively refine the search through multiple steps until a manageable number of relevant results are obtained.
Database selection citation indexes
Web of Science and Scopus are citation indexes that provide access to articles in the broad sciences and assist researchers by tracking who cites whom in their articles. Citation indexes allow researchers to find a known article and then click "Cited by" to get a list of articles that have cited the original article.
Subject terms
Subject terms, also known as controlled vocabulary, are special words used by databases to describe what an article is about. Using subject terms allows for a precise search, as the selected terms do not need to be explicitly stated in an article's text. To perform a subject search, you must know the specific terms used by the database. Reviewing subject terms from previous relevant articles found in that database can help identify appropriate search terms, as controlled vocabularies vary between databases.
Database selection google scholar citation
Google Scholar uses web crawlers to link citations together across a broad range of sources on the internet, providing a very comprehensive set of scholarly search results. It tracks citations to articles and papers, allowing users to see which works cite a particular publication. Google Scholar searches a wide variety of academic publications without requiring users to sign in or pay for access.
Type of database searches
This slideshow is part of a Decision-based Learning module for Information Literacy. The information is not intended to stand on its own.
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Types of sources
- 2. • Peer-reviewed Journal There are two simple ways to determine if a publication is peer reviewed: 1. Launch ULRICHSWEB from the library webpage and enter the publication name to determine if a publication is peer-reviewed (“refereed”) - look for referee shirt next to the journal entry 2. Check the publication’s website for info on submitting an article – the website will describe a peer review process if it is peer reviewed • Determining Source Type
- 3. • Conference Articles/Proceedings A paper may be presented at a conference and published in the conference proceedings, but is typically not considered peer reviewed; still, a conference paper may contain more current info than a journal article, since the journal publication process is more lengthy. • Determining Source Type
- 4. • Books, Theses or Dissertations, Reports, Patents, etc Other works, including books and theses or dissertations, are not commonly considered to be peer reviewed, but may still contain authoritative and relevant information • Determining Source Type
- 5. v When you are finished viewing this material, please close this tab on your browser and return to the Decision-based Learning tab. v