This document provides information on different types of pipes used in construction projects. It discusses small bore and large bore pipes, defines pipe class, and provides tables with specifications for common pipe materials like galvanized iron, steel, cast iron, copper, plastic, composite, and high density polyethylene pipes. Key details covered include pipe sizes, pressure ratings, applications, advantages and disadvantages of each material type.
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PIPES [Autosaved].pdf
1. Types of
Pipes
BUILDING SERVICES - I
S.Y. B.Arch, Div B,
S B Patil College of Architecture
Dated: 10/8/2020
Faculties:
Ar. Prerana Zende
Prof. Arun Atre
3. • What is Small Bore Pipe and Large Bore Pipe?
In the project, you will come across the terms such as small Bore & big bore
or large bore pipe.
• Small Bore Pipe
Pipe Size up to 2” are considered small bore pipe. However, some companies considered up to
2.5″ pipe as a small-bore.
• Large Bore Pipe (Big Bore Pipe)
Pipe Size above 2″ are considered large bore or big bore pipe
• Pipe Length
The length of the pipe is mentioned in either meter or feet. During production, pipes are not
manufactured in the same lengths, and during the construction of the process plants, you
required various lengths of pipes. To address this issue standard has defined pipe lengths in
single random and double random categories.
PIPE DIMENSIONS
4. What is Pipe Class?
Piping class or Pipe Class is a document that specifies the type of the
components such as a type of pipe, schedule, material, flange ratings, branch
types, valve types and valve trim material, gasket, and all the other
components specific requirements to be used for different fluids under
different operating conditions in a plant.
Pipe class is developed considering Operating Pressure, temperature, and
corrosive environment. Different material specifications are segregated in
separate “Piping Class”. Pipe class is part of the Piping specification.
Short code is used to cover all the information applicable to the given pipe
class. This pipe class is also included in the line number so that field
construction engineer can easily identify the material required.
5. 1. GALVANIZED IRON PIPES
• THIS TYPE OF PIPE IS USED FOR WATER SUPPLY WORK INSIDE THE BUILDING. THESE PIPES ARE
WROUGHT STEEL PIPES PROVIDED WITH ZINC COATING.
• APPLICATION AREAS:
• WATER & SEWERAGE.
• FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATIONS.
• PLUMBING SYSTEMS.
• ADVANTAGES :-
• LOW INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE COST
• LONG LIFE
• TOUGHNESS
• ANTI-RUST PIPES
• USEFUL FOR LARGE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS-DURABLE AND
LARGE DIAMETER
• DISADVANTAGES :-
• HEAVY TO HANDLE.
• DEVELOPS BLOCKAGES.
• DIFFICULT TO REPAIR. GALVANIZED IRON PIPES
TYPES
7. 2. STEEL PIPES
• STEEL PIPES ARE COMPARATIVELY EXPENSIVE.
• BUT THEY ARE THE STRONGEST AND MOST DURABLE OF ALL WATER SUPPLY PIPES.
• THEY CAN WITHSTAND HIGH WATER PRESSURE, COME IN CONVENIENT (LONGER) LENGTHS
THAN MOST OTHER PIPES
ADVANTAGES OF STEEL PIPES
• STEEL PIPES ARE HIGHLY EFFICIENT, AND IT IS POSSIBLE TO USE A SMALLER DIAMETER OF PIPE
MADE FROM STEEL THAN PIPES MADE FROM OTHER MATERIALS.
• STEEL IS STRONG AND WILL RESIST DAMAGING FACTORS THAT CAN RUIN OTHER PIPES, SUCH AS
TREE ROOTS, HUMAN ERROR, AND EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS.
• UNLIKE PLASTIC PIPES, STEEL PIPES ARE 100 PERCENT RECYCLABLE.
DISADVANTAGES OF STEEL PIPES
• DIFFERENCE OF HEAT TRANSFER: UNLESS FOR BONDED ALUMINUM OR COPPER BASE, THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY IS VERY POOR
• IT IS OFTEN MORE EXPENSIVE MANY PEOPLE THINK THAT THIS IS A ONE-TIME PURCHASE, WORTH
THE INVESTMENT
USES OF STEEL PIPES
• WATER MAINS
• SEWERAGE SYSTEMS. INDUSTRIAL WATER LINES
• PLANT PIPING.
• DEEP TUBE-WELLS
• CASING PIPES
• PIPE LINES FOR NATURAL
8. PRICE
Size Min Price Max Price
1/2 inch Rs 195/Kg Rs 250/Kg
2 inch Rs 185/Kg Rs 220/Kg
3 inch Rs 195/Kg Rs 220/Kg
9. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• CAST IRON PIPE IS THE PREFERRED CHOICE FOR HANDLING HIGH PRESSURES AND
LOADS OF WATER.
• HOWEVER, THESE PIPES ARE VERY HEAVY AND IT REQUIRES SPECIFIC MEANS OF
TRANSPORTATIONS.
• THEY ARE CHEAPER IN COST, IT HAS HIGH RESISTANCE TO CORROSION, IT IS
HIGHLY DURABLE.
• IT IS ALSO NOT ADVISABLE TO USE CAST IRON PIPES IN INACCESSIBLE PLACES
• BECAUSE OF THEIR HEAVY LOAD, THESE PIPES ARE MADE IN SHORTER LENGTHS.
THIS EQUATES TO MORE JOINTING AND A MORE COMPLICATED LAYOUT.
3.CAST IRON PIPES
10. Single Piece Length 3 meter
Length 3m
Usage/Application Utilities Water
Brand Neco
Size/Diameter 4 inch
Minimum Order
Quantity
50 Piece
Neco 3m Cast Iron Spun Pipes, 3 meter,
Size/Diameter: 4 inch
Rs 2,945/Piece
Size/Diameter 3 inch
Single Piece Length 3 meter
Application Waste Water
Brand Jayswal Neco
Standard ISI-3989
Material Cast Iron
Jayswal Neco Cast Iron Spun Pipes 100MM,
Waste Water
PRICE
11. •BECAUSE OF STEEL’S TENDENCY TO CORRODE OVER TIME, COPPER
PIPES HAVE SUPERSEDED GALVANIZED STEEL AS THE METAL OF CHOICE
DURING THE LAST 70 YEARS. COPPER FACES COMPETITION TODAY
FROM PLASTICS SUCH AS PEX, PVC, AND CPVC, BUT IT STILL REMAINS A
POPULAR CHOICE. WE’LL LOOK AT WHAT MAKES COPPER AN
ATTRACTIVE CHOICE FOR PLUMBING—AND WHY SOMETIMES PLASTIC
IS THE BETTER OPTION
COPPER PIPES ADVANTAGES
• Copper is a naturally corrosion-resistant metal.
• Durable metal (capable of withstanding 1,000 psi of pressure),
copper is also lightweight.
• Easier to extend over long stretches without supports.
DISADVANTAGE
• Copper pipes also encounter problems from water acidity, so they
are not good to install for plumbing systems that draw water from a
well.
• Costs more than plastic.
• Copper is flexible as far as metals go, but plastic pipes can bend to fit
into almost any space necessary.
COPPER PIPES
12. Visiaro Hard Copper Pipe/Tube, 1mtr long,
Outer Diameter - 3/4 inch and
Wall Thickness - 20 gauge,
Pack of 1 pcs
Copper
Outer Diameter - 3/4 inch and Wall
Thickness - 20 swg Product Length : 1 mtr /
3.2 feet per piece Standards - JIS H3300 /
ASTM B68 Temper : Hard Pack of 1
₹559.00
Visiaro Soft Copper Pipe/Tube Pancake Coil,
Outer Diameter - 1/2 inch and Wall
Thickness - 21 guage, Pack of 1 pcs
Outer Diameter - 1/2 inch and Wall
Thickness - 21 swg Product Length :
15mtrs/50feet per piece Standards - JIS
H3300 / ASTM B68 Temper : Soft Annealed
Pack of 1
₹4,417.00
PRICE
13. PLASTIC PIPES:
➢THESE PIPES ARE BEEN USED INCREASINGLY FOR SUPPLY OF COLD WATER IN
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL PLUMBING WORKS.
14. TYPES OF PVC PIPES:
➢THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF PLASTIC PIPES (i.e.. PVC) WHICH ARE
AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET AS GIVEN BELOW.
➢UNPLASTICIZED PVC PIPES (UPVC) OR RIGID PIPES FOR USE WITH
COLD WATER.
➢PLASTICIZED PVC PIPES WHICH ARE PLASTICIZED WITH ADDITION
OF RUBBER. IT HAS LOWER STRENGHT ABD LOWER WORKING
TEMPERATURE THAN UPVC PIPES.
➢CHLORINATED PVC PIPES (CPVC) PIPES WHICH CAN WITHSTAND
HIGHER TEMPERATURE UPTO 120 DEGREE CELCIUS USUALLY USED
TO SUPPLY HOT WATER.
15. CLASS OF PVC PIPES
CLASS NUMBER OF PVC PIPES DECIDE THE PRESSURE RATING OF A
PIPE; EXAMPLES ARE CLASS 315, CLASS 300, CLASS 125, etc. THIS
PRESSURE CLASS DISTINCTION TELLS YOU THAT THE PIPE IS
DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND NORMAL PRESSURES OF 315 PSI , 215 PSI
, 160 PSI , 125 PSI ETC.
16. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PVC:
• RIGID PVC PIPES ARE
USED FOR DISTRIBUTION
OF WATER BELOW
TEMPERATURE 45
DEGREE.
• AT HIGHER
TEMPERATURES THE
STRENGTH OF THESE
PIPES DECREASES.
• SIMILARLY ULTRA VOILET
RADIATION FROM THE
SUNLIGHT AND
FREQUENT CHAGES IN
TEMPERATURE
REDUCCES THE LIFE OF
PVC PIPES.
17. ADVANTAGES OF PVC PIPES:
• PRESSURE RESISTANCE.
• LONG TIME DURABILITY.
• PVC PRESSURE PIPES ARE
THEROTICALLY DESIGNED FOR 50
YEARS BUT CAN LAST FOR MORE
THAN 100 YEARS.
• NO MODIFICATION IN THE WATER
QUALITY.
• NO TASTE AND SMELL TRANSFERRED
TO WATER.
• EXCELLENT RESISTANCE TO
BACTERIA GROWTH.
• THE PIPE CANNOT BE
UNJOINED AND MUST BE
CUT.
• GLUED PIPES CAN BE
PRONE TO LEAKING.
• DEGRADES IN SUNLIGHT.
DISADVATAGES OF PVC PIPES:
18. EXAMPLES WITH COST:
PRINCE CPVC PIPES
SDR 13.5, 1.1/2inches,
3meters long
1 used and new
from ₹ 190.00
Ashirvad CPVC Socket (1 inch,
25 mm) -15 Pieces
5.0 out of 5 stars 1
3 used and new from ₹ 360.00
19. Uxcell 3-Way Elbow PVC Pipe
Fitting Furniture Grade 1/2-inch
Size Tee Corner Fittings Blue
10Pcs
2.8 out of 5 stars 5
1 offer from ₹ 699.00
Supreme 1 Inch UPVC
Plastic Elbow 90 Pipe
Fitting Coupling
Elbow Connector
(White, Pack Of 10)
₹ 380.00
•Usage: For hot water
•Item Weight: 75 KG
•Size: 20 MM
•Material Type: CPVC
•Included Components: Pack
of 50 Plumbing Pipes
21. Composite pipes
• Composite Pipe is having an
aluminium lining inside the pipe.
• Multilayer composite pipes are
having more multiple layers on the
pipe.
• Composite pipe is used for solar
water heaters. Composite pipe can
be used with hospital oxygen
systems.
22. Types of composite pipes
• high density
polyethylene (HDPE) • polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
• polypropylene (PP)
• fiber reinforced plastics
(FRP)
• glass reinforced
plastics (GRP)
23. High density polyethylene pipes
• Made from the high-density
polyethylene.
• Due to strong bond it suitable for
high pressure pipelines.
• applications such as
• water mains, gas mains, sewer
mains, slurry transfer lines, rural
irrigation, fire system supply lines,
electrical and communications
conduit, and stormwater and
drainage pipes.
• Life expectancy :- 50 to 100 years
24. Manufacturer
1.Miraj pipes and fittings
• Grade :- 63 , 80 , 100
• Size :- 20mm to 400 mm dia.
• Advantage:- strong , durable
leakproof
• Working pressure :- 2.5 kg/sq.cm
• 4 kg/sq.cm
• 6 kg/sq.cm
• 8 Kg/sq.cm
• 10 kg/sq.cm
2.Mangalam HDPE
• Grade :- 63 , 80 , 100
• Size :- 20mm to 315mm
• Advantage :- high burst strength
, flexible , easy to install
• Life span :- 50 years
25. Poly Vinyl choride pipes
• PVC comes in two basic forms:
rigid (sometimes abbreviated as
RPVC) and flexible.
• PVC pipes are used in a wide
variety from transportation of
drinking water over drainage
solutions to advanced fire-
sprinkler systems.
• This popularity owes to a
unique combination of
properties: safety,
durability/cost-efficiency,
environmental performance
and recyclability
26. 1.Truflo pipes
• Size :-20 to 315mm
• Pressure :- class 2 kg/ sq.cm
• Class 6 kg/sq.cm
• Class 10kg/sq.cm
• Advantage :- high corrosion resistant ,
odourless , long life
• PVC fittings
• Elbow 90degree-
• End cap plain :-
• Bend 45 degree :-
2.Prakash surya
• Advantages :-Low bacterial growth
• Low thermal expansion
• Corrosion resistant
• Applications :- use in hot and cold
plumbing system
• Residential and commercial use.
Manufacturer
Elbow 90 deg.
Elbow 45 deg.
27. Advantages of composite pipes
• Corrosion Resistant
• Scale Free
• Inert to acids & chemicals
• Smooth flow characteristics that can
handle range of temperature upto 110° C.
• an ideal material for Hot & Cold Water
Plumbing, Potable Water Systems, Central
Heating, Under Floor Heating, Chemical
and Gas Transportation, Compressed Air
& Solar Applications.
• The life span of this pipe is more than fifty
years.
28. Disadvantages
For PVC
• Very poor heat stability
• Emits toxic fumes when burns.
For HDPE
• Poor Weathering.
• Highly Flammable.
• Sensitive to Stress Cracking.
• Not Biodegradable.
• Can't Be Composted.
• Not Resistant to Oxidizing Acids.
• Not Resistant to Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons.
• High Thermal Expansion.
29. These pipes are used for drainage of rainwater from
roofs, soil and waste and for ventilation.
They come in two profiles – one with beading around
socket (WB) and the other without beading around
socket (WOB). The latter type is more common than
the former.
The pipes come in lengths of 3 meters.
The principal defects of these pipes are that they are
heavy and they break easily.
These pipes are cheaper than PVC pipes.
Asbestos Cement (AC) Pipes
OTHER TYPES OF PIPES
30. Class A: (inside diameter
* wall thickness) :-
• 100*10mm,
• 125*10.5mm,
• 150*10.5mm,
• 175*12mm,
• 200*13mm;
• Length - 4000mm;
• designed as concrete
encapsulation laying.
Class B: (inside diameter
* wall thickness) –
• 100*11mm,
• 125*14mm,
• 150*14mm,
• 175*14mm,
• 200*15mm;
• Length - 4000mm;
• available for direct
buried installation of
sidewalks and green
belts.
Class C: (inside diameter
* wall thickness) –
• 100*14mm,
• 150*16mm,
• 200*16mm;
• Length – 4000mm;
• for areas where
overloaded vehicles go
through, such as
highways, secondary
roads
31.
32. Unreinforced pipes of small diameters as
well as reinforced and prestressed
concrete pipes of large diameters are
available for water supply and other
uses.
Small unreinforced concrete pipes are
very much used for drainage of
rainwater.
Large diameter pipes are generally used
for major water supply works.
Concrete Pipes
33.
34. Thank you
• PRESENTED BY :
• HRUTUJA K. 190047
• SAHIL K. 190048
• RITESH K. 190049
• PARTH K. 190050
• ADITI K. 190051
• NEHA K. 190052
• SRUSHTI K. 190053
• KALPAK M. 190054
![PIPE SIZE
Nominal
size
[inches]
Outside
diameter
[inches]
Outside
diameter [mm]
Wall thickness
[inches]
Wall
thickness
[mm]
Weight
[lb/ft]
Weight
[kg/m]
1/8 0.405 10.3 0.068 1.73 0.24 0.37
1/4 0.540 13.7 0.088 2.24 0.42 0.84
1/2 0.840 21.3 0.109 2.77 0.85 1.27
3/4 1.050 26.7 0.113 2.87 1.13 1.69
1 1.315 33.4 0.133 3.38 1.68 2.50
1 1/4 1.660 42.2 0.140 3.56 2.27 3.39
1 1/2 1.900 48.3 0.145 3.68 2.72 4.05
2 2.375 60.3 0.154 3.91 3.65 5.44
2 1/2 2.875 73.0 0.203 5.16 5.79 8.63
3 3.500 88.9 0.216 5.49 7.58 11.29
3 1/2 4.000 101.6 0.226 5.74 9.11 13.57
4 4.500 114.3 0.237 6.02 10.79 16.07
5 5.563 141.3 0.258 6.55 14.62 21.77
6 6.625 168.3 0.280 7.11 18.97 28.26
8 8.625 219.1 0.322 8.18 28.55 42.55
10 10.750 273.0 0.365 9.27 40.48 60.31
12 12.750 323.8 0.406 10.31 53.52 79.73
14 14 355.6 0.375 11.13 54.57 94.55
16 16 406.4 0.500 12.70 82.77 123.30
18 18 457.0 0.562 14.27 104.67 155.80
20 20 508.0 0.594 15.09 123.11 183.42
24 24 610.0 0.688 17.48 171.29 255.41
32 32 813.0 0.688 17.48 230.08 342.91
METAL PIPES](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)