types of muscle

1. MUSCULAR TISSUE AND TYPES OF
MUSCLS
BY:- ADITYA PATIDAR

2. MUSCLE TISSUE: STRIATED SKELETAL AND CARDIAC , SMOOTH
MUSCLE TISSUE
• Muscle tissue is composed of cells that have the special
ability to shorten or contract in order to produce
movement of the body parts.
• The tissue is highly cellular and is well supplied
with blood vessels.
• Actin and myosin are contractile proteins in muscle
tissue.

3. MUSCLE FUNCTION:
 contraction for locomotion and
skeletal movement
 contraction for propulsion
 contraction for pressure regulation

4. Morphological classification (based on structure)
There are two types of muscle based on the
morphological classification system
 Striated : Striated muscles are highly organized tissues that
convert chemical energy to physical work.
 Non striated or smooth : muscle that shows no cross stripes
under microscopic magnification.

5. Functional classification
There are two types of muscle based on a
functional classification system
 Voluntary : A voluntary muscle is a muscle that you choose to move, like those in
the arms and legs.
 Involuntary: muscle governing reflex functions and not under direct voluntary
control especially : smooth muscle.

7. There are generally considered to be three
types of muscle in the human body:-
 Skeletal muscle: which is striated and
voluntary
 Cardiac muscle: which is striated and
involuntary
 Smooth muscle: which is non striated
and involuntary

8. Characteristics of skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle cells are elongated or tubular.
They have multiple nuclei and these nuclei are
located on the periphery of the cell. Skeletal
muscle is striated. That is, it has an
alternating pattern of light and darks bands.

11. Characteristics of Cardiac muscle
 Cardiac muscle cells are not as long as skeletal muscles
cells and often are branched cells.
 Cardiac muscle cells may be mononucleated or
binucleated.
 In either case the nuclei are located centrally in the cell.
 Cardiac muscle is also striated.
 In addition cardiac muscle contains intercalated discs.

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13. Characteristics of Smooth muscle
 Smooth muscle cell are described as spindle shaped.
 That is they are wide in the middle and narrow to
almost a point at both ends.
 Smooth muscle cells have a single centrally located
nucleus.
 Smooth muscle cells do not have visible striations
although they do contain the same contractile proteins
as skeletal and cardiac muscle, these proteins are just
laid out in a different pattern.

15. Myoepithelial cells
 Myoepithelial cells are usually found in glandular
epithelium as a thin layer above the basement
membrane but normally beneath the luminal cells.
 They are present in the sweat glands, mammary
glands, lacrimal glands and in salivary glands.
 Myoepithelial cells are stellate-shaped and also known
as basket cells.

16.  Myoepithelial cells normally surround ducts and
acini of glandular organs and contribute to the
synthesis of a surrounding basement membrane
 The most obvious and important function of the
myoepithelial cell in the breast is contraction of
mammary gland duct

17. Myoneural cell (myoneural junction)
 Myoneural junction is site of chemical communication
between a nerve fibre and a muscle cell.
 The neuromuscular junction is analogous to the synapse
between two neurons.
 These neurons are the site at which
the neuron transmits a signal from the brain to the
muscle fiber, causing it to contract.

18. A diagram showing the
structure of a
neuromuscular junction.
The presynaptic terminal is
at the end of the structure
labelled ‘axon’. The
postsynaptic membrane is
the muscle cell, and the Y-
shaped acetylcholine
receptors are visible. The
space between the two is
the synaptic cleft, which is
occupied by
neurotransmitters.

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