The document outlines different types of governments including oligarchy, autocracy, and democracy. It describes who holds power in each type of government, how they attain power, and how power changes hands. Examples of each type of government are provided such as apartheid South Africa as an oligarchy and Mexico, Brazil, and the US as democracies. Different forms of government are also summarized like federal, unitary, and confederal systems as well as presidential and parliamentary democracies.