Types of companies
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There are several types of business structures including sole traders, partnerships, and public limited companies. Sole traders have unlimited liability for their business debts while partnerships share liability among partners. Public limited companies can sell shares on a stock exchange, must provide audited reports to shareholders, and limit owner liability to investment amounts. Commercial banking involves taking deposits, lending money, and other services while merchant banking focuses on raising funds, acting as intermediaries, and earning fees through services like bonds, stockbroking, and portfolio management.
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Adrienne Gallagher Notes
This document provides an introduction to key accounting concepts:
1. It defines accounting as recording financial information about resources owned (assets), owed (liabilities), and equity. It outlines the different types of accountants and their qualifications.
2. Accounting information is used by various stakeholders like investors, creditors, employees, and government agencies. Useful attributes of accounting data include relevance, understandability, reliability, completeness, objectivity, timeliness, and comparability.
3. The document introduces double-entry bookkeeping where every transaction has two equal entries - a debit and a credit. It outlines the layout of T-accounts to record transactions.
1.M.K.Bansal.Finance
The document discusses various aspects of business finance including sources of funds, uses of funds, balance sheets, profit and loss statements, and corporate actions. It describes the different types of equity, debt, and reserves that make up a company's capital structure. Key points covered include matching long-term investments with long-term funds, calculating ratios like P/E and evaluating costs, profits, and risks.
1.M.K.Bansal.Finance
The document discusses various aspects of business finance including sources of funds, uses of funds, balance sheets, profit and loss statements, and corporate actions. It describes the different types of equity, debt, and reserves that make up a company's capital structure. Key points covered include matching long-term investments with long-term funds, calculating ratios like P/E and evaluating costs, profits, and risks.
Cash flow statement AS-3
This presentation is on Accounting Standard - 3 Cash Flow Statement issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.
Various sources of financing
This document discusses the importance of finance for startups and the various sources of finance available. It notes that while personal sources from the entrepreneur are very important initially, startups often struggle to raise funds until more established. The main sources of finance discussed are internal sources like founder capital, retained profits, and friends/family money as well as external sources such as bank loans, angel investors, venture capital, trade credit, and issuing shares or debentures. Specific personal sources explored include using cash/investments, re-mortgaging property, credit cards, and working for free initially. The document provides an overview of each type of funding source.
Financial statement
Financial statements provide an overview of a business' financial condition and include a profit and loss account, balance sheet, and source and application of funds statement. The profit and loss account shows revenue, expenses, and net profit. The balance sheet lists assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity on a particular date. The source and application of funds statement shows the inflow and outflow of cash between balance sheet dates. Key financial terms are also defined relating to accounting, bookkeeping, and the components of financial statements.
Sourcefinance
There are internal and external sources of finance available for business growth. Internal sources include reinvesting profits and selling assets. External long-term sources are shares (ordinary and preference) and long-term loans such as debentures, while short-term sources include overdrafts, trade credit, factoring, and leasing. External sources also allow for inorganic growth through mergers and acquisitions requiring large amounts of financing. Business angels and venture capital are other sources that provide capital for growing businesses.
Sourcefinance
There are internal and external sources of finance available for business growth. Internal sources include reinvesting profits and selling assets. External long-term sources are shares (ordinary and preference) and long-term loans such as debentures, while short-term sources include overdrafts, trade credit, factoring and leasing. External growth can also be achieved through mergers and acquisitions requiring large amounts of financing from sources such as banks, business angels and venture capital firms.
Sourcefinance
There are internal and external sources of finance available for business growth. Internal sources include reinvesting profits and selling assets. External long-term sources are shares (ordinary and preference) and long-term loans such as debentures, while short-term sources include overdrafts, trade credit, factoring, and leasing. External growth can also be achieved through mergers and acquisitions requiring large amounts of financing from sources such as banks, business angels, and venture capital firms.
Accounting Cashflow
The document discusses Accounting Standard 3 on Cash Flow Statements in India. It defines key terms like cash, cash equivalents and cash flows. It describes the different types of cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities and how they should be classified. It provides guidance on treatment of interest, dividends, taxes, foreign currency transactions and other items in the cash flow statement.
WBS Entrepreneurship Mentoring Workshop -28 July 2011 - Steve Janes
Establishment of a business
What is the right structure?
-Ownership -v- management issues
- Tax implications
- Legal risks & responsibilities
- The things that sometimes go wrong
Business Types and Investment Decisions
The document discusses different types of businesses and investment decisions. It describes several examples of small businesses, including a website design firm, interior decorating business, and software company. It discusses the key differences between sole proprietorships, partnerships, S-corporations, and C-corporations. The document also provides an overview of common investment types like stocks, bonds, and mutual funds, and terms used in investing like dividends, market capitalization, and bond ratings.
Source of fianace
Equity shares represent ownership in a company and are an important source of long-term capital financing. Preference shares have preferential rights to dividends and assets but limited voting rights. Debentures are a form of debt where the company promises to repay the principal along with interest. Other sources of financing discussed include retained earnings, loans from banks and financial institutions, public deposits, trade credit, leasing, factoring, and commercial paper.
9311185.ppt
The document provides an overview of the capital market in India. It discusses the meaning and importance of the capital market, its objectives of mobilizing savings and allocating resources efficiently. It describes the different components of the capital market including the primary market, secondary market and various financial institutions. It also explains the various instruments available in the capital market such as shares, debentures, and their features. Finally, it discusses the key intermediaries that facilitate transactions in the capital market.
CAPITAL MARKET.pptx
The document discusses capital markets and their components. It defines capital markets as the institutional arrangements for facilitating long-term borrowing and lending. Capital markets have three main components - the primary market for new share/bond issues, the secondary market like stock exchanges for existing securities, and various financial institutions. The document outlines the roles of various intermediaries that facilitate capital raising and investing, including merchant bankers, stock brokers, depository participants, underwriters, and others.
Finance & non finance
The document provides an overview of key finance concepts for non-finance professionals, including:
1) The purpose of financial statements is to measure a company's performance and determine how wealth is distributed to stakeholders. Key statements are the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.
2) The balance sheet shows sources of funds (liabilities) and uses of funds (assets) on a given date. The income statement shows revenues, expenses, and profits over a period of time. The cash flow statement links accrual accounting to cash flows.
3) Understanding financial statements allows non-finance staff to evaluate decisions, track company performance, and interact knowledgeably with finance teams.
Cash flow
This document outlines Accounting Standard 3 regarding cash flow statements in India. It defines key terms like cash, cash equivalents, and cash flows. It specifies that cash flow statements should classify cash flows as operating, investing or financing activities. It provides guidance on treatment of items like interest, dividends, taxes, acquisitions and more. The standard is applicable to companies with over 50 crore turnover or listed companies in India.
Key Benefits of Investing In Stocks.pdf
Most stock investors tend to buy a stock and hold onto it to generate a capital gain or dividend income. Capital gains represent the difference between the purchase price–called cost basis–and the sale price of the stock or security. Dividends are cash payments by companies that reward shareholders for buying their stock. Some stock investors hold onto positions for years, particularly if it's a solid, stable company with a consistent track record of paying dividends.
Finance Int 2
The document discusses several key aspects of financial management for businesses including:
1) The importance of ensuring adequate funds, controlling costs, and maintaining adequate cash flow and profitability levels.
2) The roles and duties of the finance department in maintaining financial records, paying bills/expenses, collecting accounts, and monitoring funds.
3) The four main financial statements - trading account, profit and loss account, balance sheet, and cash flow statement - used to analyze a business's financial performance and position.
INDIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM.pdf
The document discusses the key aspects of the Indian financial system including its features, constituents, importance and objectives. It describes the various types of financial institutions and markets in India such as commercial banks, stock exchanges, mutual funds, insurance companies, development banks, and non-banking financial corporations. It also covers the roles and functions of major regulatory bodies like RBI, SEBI, IRDA, FMC and PFRDA. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the Indian financial system, its components and their functions in supporting economic development.
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Types of companies
- 1. Types of companies Types of banking.
- 2. Sole trader Your own boss Unlimited liability (alone pay for debt) Keep all profits
- 3. Partnership Groups of people Sell their possessions to pay debts The more people The more capital Unlimited liability
- 4. Only lose your investment . The creditor not get all money back. The minimum equity Public limited company
- 6. Commercial banking Receive & hold deposits Lend money Issue credits & cheque Exchange currencies