Is the culture of a country associated with the way people use Twitter? The answer is a definite “Yes!” We analyzed more than 2.34 million geo-located user profiles in 30 countries plus their tweets for 10 weeks
Blogpost: http://crowdresearch.org/blog/?p=6767
Paper:http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM13/paper/view/6102
We know culture plays a key role in any organization. What role does it play in healthcare? Not speaking up and being safe is a significant issue for safe patient care. This presentation outlines why.
Discovering Culture in Social Media and a Brief Case of Collective MemoryRuth Garcia Gavilanes
'Discovering Cultural Trails in Social Media and Collective Memory in Wikipedia', with speaker Dr Ruth García-Gavilanes, Oxford Internet Institute.
As a computational social science researcher, Ruth is interested in understanding online footprints, utilizing/developing computational methods and leveraging big data. In this seminar Ruth will present two case studies in this field: a) a study of how one’s action on Twitter (e.g., deciding when to post messages) is linked to one’s culture (e.g., country’s Pace of Life) and b) a case study of how collective memories can be measured using Wikipedia articles related to aircraft incidents and accidents.
An introduction to Twitter for Training and Development organisations. Originally presented by Todd Wright @threesides to the ACT Branch of the Australian Institute of learning and development.
Overview:
> Social media usage and Connected consumers
> Australia + Twitter in 2012
> Twitter Terms
> 5 ways to enhance your learning efforts
> Making good choices
>Useful tools for Managing and evaluating
>Twitter and social media To do list
The get started Twitter to do list included:
1. Create a personal twitter account
2. Customise and personalise
3. Search for people and orgs to follow
4. Post your first tweet and break the ice
5. Find useful info to share and retweey
6. Discover topics via #tags
7. Evaluate the opportunity for your organisation and take on twitter for your business
We know culture plays a key role in any organization. What role does it play in healthcare? Not speaking up and being safe is a significant issue for safe patient care. This presentation outlines why.
Discovering Culture in Social Media and a Brief Case of Collective MemoryRuth Garcia Gavilanes
'Discovering Cultural Trails in Social Media and Collective Memory in Wikipedia', with speaker Dr Ruth García-Gavilanes, Oxford Internet Institute.
As a computational social science researcher, Ruth is interested in understanding online footprints, utilizing/developing computational methods and leveraging big data. In this seminar Ruth will present two case studies in this field: a) a study of how one’s action on Twitter (e.g., deciding when to post messages) is linked to one’s culture (e.g., country’s Pace of Life) and b) a case study of how collective memories can be measured using Wikipedia articles related to aircraft incidents and accidents.
An introduction to Twitter for Training and Development organisations. Originally presented by Todd Wright @threesides to the ACT Branch of the Australian Institute of learning and development.
Overview:
> Social media usage and Connected consumers
> Australia + Twitter in 2012
> Twitter Terms
> 5 ways to enhance your learning efforts
> Making good choices
>Useful tools for Managing and evaluating
>Twitter and social media To do list
The get started Twitter to do list included:
1. Create a personal twitter account
2. Customise and personalise
3. Search for people and orgs to follow
4. Post your first tweet and break the ice
5. Find useful info to share and retweey
6. Discover topics via #tags
7. Evaluate the opportunity for your organisation and take on twitter for your business
Toluna QuickSurveys - case studies from Sony Music and EconsultancyMark Simon
Toluna QuickSurveys is a revolution in market research. Survey 4m Toluna members 24/7 with our powerful survey engine, share results and surveys on social media. And use it for FREE when talking to your own crowd!
Case studies from Econsultancy and Sony Music.
Weekend in Boca VII - Lindsay J.K. Nichols - “21st Century Information Scaffo...OfficeDepotFoundation
Presentation by Lindsay J.K. Nichols, Marketing and Communications Team Senior Director, GuideStar USA, at the 2014 Office Depot Foundation Weekend in Boca Civil Society Leadership Symposium
How can stronger information systems support innovation in the nonprofit sector? Lindsay J.K. Nichols will highlight the data we have at our fingertips and the challenge of making it meaningful. She will also discuss the basic building blocks that facilitate better access to and understanding of nonprofit data — and how a nonprofit can use its own data to better connect with supporters and the philanthropy community at large.
Overview of personal professional use of social media, professional learning network development, and using social media tools with emphasis on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn.
East Los High: Network Structures for Building a Better Twitter CommunityHua (Helen) Wang
Presentation of Twitter hashtag analysis of East Los High and strategies for organizations to improve outreach and cultivate a vibrant community at Social Media & Society International Conference 2014, Toronto.
PhD defense contributions:
Providing a study of human generated recommendation on Twitter and its effect.
García-Gavilanes et al. Follow My Friends This Friday! An Analysis of Human-generated Friendship Recommendations. SocInfo’13 [Best paper award]
Describing the evolution of user behavior over time regarding the content they generate.
García-Gavilanes et al. Who are my Audiences? A Study of the Evolution of Target Audiences in Microblogs. SocInfo’14
Describing differences and similarities of users across countries regarding the way people tweet and connect with others.
García-Gavilanes et al. Microblogging without Borders: Differences and Similarities. Websci’11.
w/ Poblete et al. Do All Birds Tweet the Same? Characterizing Twitter Around the World. In CIKM’11
Proposing how to combine anthropological studies of culture with large scale data.
Correlating how and when people tweet with dimensions of national culture and pace of life
García-Gavilanes et al. Cultural Dimensions in Twitter: Time, Individualism and Power. ICWSM’13 [Honorable mention]
Improving the prediction of the communication strength between users from different countries by taking into account several cultural and socio-economic indicators taken from diverse sources.
García-Gavilanes et al. Twitter ain’t Without Frontiers: Economic, Social, and Cultural Boundaries in International Communication. CSCW’14.
Toluna QuickSurveys - case studies from Sony Music and EconsultancyMark Simon
Toluna QuickSurveys is a revolution in market research. Survey 4m Toluna members 24/7 with our powerful survey engine, share results and surveys on social media. And use it for FREE when talking to your own crowd!
Case studies from Econsultancy and Sony Music.
Weekend in Boca VII - Lindsay J.K. Nichols - “21st Century Information Scaffo...OfficeDepotFoundation
Presentation by Lindsay J.K. Nichols, Marketing and Communications Team Senior Director, GuideStar USA, at the 2014 Office Depot Foundation Weekend in Boca Civil Society Leadership Symposium
How can stronger information systems support innovation in the nonprofit sector? Lindsay J.K. Nichols will highlight the data we have at our fingertips and the challenge of making it meaningful. She will also discuss the basic building blocks that facilitate better access to and understanding of nonprofit data — and how a nonprofit can use its own data to better connect with supporters and the philanthropy community at large.
Overview of personal professional use of social media, professional learning network development, and using social media tools with emphasis on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn.
East Los High: Network Structures for Building a Better Twitter CommunityHua (Helen) Wang
Presentation of Twitter hashtag analysis of East Los High and strategies for organizations to improve outreach and cultivate a vibrant community at Social Media & Society International Conference 2014, Toronto.
PhD defense contributions:
Providing a study of human generated recommendation on Twitter and its effect.
García-Gavilanes et al. Follow My Friends This Friday! An Analysis of Human-generated Friendship Recommendations. SocInfo’13 [Best paper award]
Describing the evolution of user behavior over time regarding the content they generate.
García-Gavilanes et al. Who are my Audiences? A Study of the Evolution of Target Audiences in Microblogs. SocInfo’14
Describing differences and similarities of users across countries regarding the way people tweet and connect with others.
García-Gavilanes et al. Microblogging without Borders: Differences and Similarities. Websci’11.
w/ Poblete et al. Do All Birds Tweet the Same? Characterizing Twitter Around the World. In CIKM’11
Proposing how to combine anthropological studies of culture with large scale data.
Correlating how and when people tweet with dimensions of national culture and pace of life
García-Gavilanes et al. Cultural Dimensions in Twitter: Time, Individualism and Power. ICWSM’13 [Honorable mention]
Improving the prediction of the communication strength between users from different countries by taking into account several cultural and socio-economic indicators taken from diverse sources.
García-Gavilanes et al. Twitter ain’t Without Frontiers: Economic, Social, and Cultural Boundaries in International Communication. CSCW’14.
Similar to Twitter: Time, Individualism and Power (20)
In this presentation, I explained that a simple machine learning model can be implemented in some situations even if we do not have the perfect conditions. We go over the first iteration of a click prediction model used in the delivery of CPC ads.
Online social networks support users in a wide range of activities, such as sharing information and making recommendations. In this talk, I will talk about a human-generated recommendations of friendship based on hashtags that emerged in Twitter around 2010. I will present a study of a large-scale corpus of human friendship recommendations, using a large corpus of tweets gathered over a 24 week period and involving a set of nearly 6 million users. I will show that these explicit recommendations had a measurable effect on the process of link creation, increasing the chance of link creation between two and three times on average, compared with a recommendation-free scenario. Also, ties created after such recommendations have up to 6% more longevity than other Twitter ties. Finally, I will talk about a supervised system that ranks our user-generated recommendations, surfacing the most valuable ones with high precision (0.52 MAP). We find that features describing users and the relationships between them are discriminative for this task. After the talk, we will carry out some examples on the collection of online data
To what extent do people tweet in other languages beyond English?
How do lingua groups interact with each other?
Is there an effect of language over online user interaction?
Who are my Audiences? Evolution of Target Audiences in MicroblogsRuth Garcia Gavilanes
User behavior in online social media is not static, it evolves
through the years. In Twitter, we have witnessed a maturation of its platform and its users due to endogenous and exogenous reasons. While the research using Twitter data has expanded rapidly, little work has studied the change/evolution in the Twitter ecosystem itself. In this pa-
per, we use a taxonomy of the types of tweets posted by around 4M users during 10 weeks in 2011 and 2013. We classify users according to their tweeting behavior, and nd 5 clusters for which we can associate a different dominant tweeting type. Furthermore, we observe the evolution of
users across groups between 2011 and 2013 and interesting insights such as the decrease in conversations and increase in URLs sharing. Our findings suggest that mature users evolve to adopt Twitter as a news media rather than a social network.
Follow My Friends This Friday! An Analysis of Human-generated Friendship Reco...Ruth Garcia Gavilanes
In Twitter, the hashtag #FF, or #FOLLOWFRIDAY, arose as a popular convention for users to create contact recommendations for others. Hitherto, there has not been any quantitative study of the effect of such human-generated recommendations. This paper is the first study of a large-scale corpus of human friendship recommendations based on such hashtags, using a large corpus of recommendations gathered over a 24 week period and involving a set of nearly 6 million users. We show that these explicit recommendations have a measurable effect on the process of link creation, increasing the chance of link creation between two and three times on average, compared with a recommendation-free scenario. Also, ties created after such recommendations have up to 6\% more longevity than other Twitter ties. Finally, we build a supervised system to rank user-generated recommendations, surfacing the most valuable ones with high precision ($0.52$ MAP), and we find that features describing users and the relationships between them, are discriminative for this task.
Welcome to the first live UiPath Community Day Dubai! Join us for this unique occasion to meet our local and global UiPath Community and leaders. You will get a full view of the MEA region's automation landscape and the AI Powered automation technology capabilities of UiPath. Also, hosted by our local partners Marc Ellis, you will enjoy a half-day packed with industry insights and automation peers networking.
📕 Curious on our agenda? Wait no more!
10:00 Welcome note - UiPath Community in Dubai
Lovely Sinha, UiPath Community Chapter Leader, UiPath MVPx3, Hyper-automation Consultant, First Abu Dhabi Bank
10:20 A UiPath cross-region MEA overview
Ashraf El Zarka, VP and Managing Director MEA, UiPath
10:35: Customer Success Journey
Deepthi Deepak, Head of Intelligent Automation CoE, First Abu Dhabi Bank
11:15 The UiPath approach to GenAI with our three principles: improve accuracy, supercharge productivity, and automate more
Boris Krumrey, Global VP, Automation Innovation, UiPath
12:15 To discover how Marc Ellis leverages tech-driven solutions in recruitment and managed services.
Brendan Lingam, Director of Sales and Business Development, Marc Ellis
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and Sales
Twitter: Time, Individualism and Power
1. Cultural Dimensions in Twitter:
Time, Individualism and Power
Ruth García-Gavilanes (UPF - Barcelona)
Daniele Quercia (Yahoo! Barcelona)
Alejandro Jaimes (Yahoo! Barcelona)
1
8. HOW TO MEASURE CULTURE
• Geert Hofstede: Cultural dimensions
Individualism
Power Distance
• Levine : Pace of Life (Geography of time)
• Perception of time
• Edward T. Hall
Monochronic vs Polychronic
8
10. Culture and Social Media
Can such differences also be captured from
online interactions?
10
11. How to measure culture online?
• Pace of Life
Predictability (tweets, mentions)
Tweets in working hours
• Individualism vs. Collectivism
Users interacting with others (mentions)
• Power Distance : Popularity
Follow, recommend and accept recommendation
preferentially from more popular users
(in-degree imbalance).
11
12. Sampling for 10 weeks in 2011
12
2.34
geolocated
users
follows
#FollowFridday
12.6 K
1.9M
362 K
100>= out-degree <=1000
13. Top 30 countries to study
The top 30 countries by # of users is representative of internet users
13
United States
Brazil
United Kingdom
Indonesia
Canada
Mexico JapanNetherlands
Venezuela SpainAustralia
Germany
FranceArgentina
Chile
South Korea
Colombia
IrelandSouth Africa India
Philippines TurkeyItaly
RussiaSweden
New ZealandNorway
MalaysiaBelgiumSingapore
4
5
6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5
Log(Internet Penetration)
Log(UserCount)
r = 0.63***
15. Pace of Life : Predictability
Entropy
a) tweets b) mentions
− pi ( j)log2 pi ( j)
j=1
Ni
∑pi ( j):
15
12AM
6AM
9AM
6 PM
9PM
12PM
# tweets in
working hours
Interval j
16. Pace of Life : Predictability
Tweets Mentio
ns
Users in working
hours
Pace of life **-0.62 **-0.68 **-0.58
16
The higher the pace of life , the more predictability
The higher the pace of life the less fraction of users
will tweet during working hours
p < 0:005 (***), p < 0:05 (**), and p < 0.1 (*)
17. Individualism : Interacting with others
Indonesia
Venezuela
Mexico
JapanBrazilColombia
Chile
South Korea Argentina
PhilippinesMalaysia Spain NetherlandsTurkey
South Africa
Singapore Ireland Canada
FranceBelgiumSweden
Norway
New Zealand
Italy
Russia India
Germany
80
85
90
95
100
20 40 60 80
Individualism Index
FractionofEngagement
17
r= ***-0.55
p < 0:005 (***), p < 0:05 (**), and p < 0.1 (*)
Collectivist countries interact more with others
18. Individualism : Interacting with others
Indonesia
Venezuela
Mexico
JapanBrazilColombia
Chile
South Korea Argentina
PhilippinesMalaysia Spain NetherlandsTurkey
South Africa
Singapore Ireland Canada
FranceBelgiumSweden
Norway
New Zealand
Italy
Russia India
Germany
80
85
90
95
100
20 40 60 80
Individualism Index
FractionofEngagement
18
Hong et al.. “Language
matters in twitter:
A large scale study”
ICWSM 11
21. Power Distance: popularity imbalance
Followers Followers/
Followees
Users and followees **-0.62 **-0.67
Users and recommended user **-0.56 **-0.46
User and accepted recommended
user
-0.44 -0.29
21
p < 0:005 (***), p < 0:05 (**), and p < 0.1 (*)
Users prefer to follow and recommend more popular users than
themselves in countries with a higher power distance
24. Why is this important?
Indicator Pace of Time :
Predictibility
Individuali
sm:
Mentions
Power
Distance:
ImbalanceMentions Users (%)
GDP per
capita
***0.55 **-0.57 **-0.41 **-0.48
Education ***0.58 **-0.51 -0.24 ***-0.60
Inequality ***-0.53 **0.49 *0.39 ***0.58
24
25. What is next?
25
• Language dependent features
• More Cultural Dimensions
• Temporal comparisons
More features
26. What is next?
26
• User recommender
• Individualistic vs. collectivistic ?
• Predictable vs. unpredictable ?
• Interfaces personalization
• Do collectivist countries need additional features to
interact easier?
• More engagement?
• Information Propagation
• By knowing the cultural characteristics of users, can
we increase re-tweet chance?
Application
Good afternoon, thanks for coming to my talk. I am an intern at Yahoo Research and student of Universidad Pompeu de Fabra in Barcelona. Today I will talk about “Time, Individualism and Power” which is related to ..
“Cultural Studies” and
and Microblogs (as Janeth), but before entering into the details of this project, let’s give a closer look to the meaning of culture
the concept of culture is used in many ways and it has different meanings, Some use it to refer to civilizations and others as the refinement of the mind relating it to education or art. However, the most widely accepted and used definition of culture in science comes from Geert Hofstedesstudies.
In simple words, culture is a dimension that distinguishes members of one group or categories of people from others. For example, the comparison of behavior between individuals born and raised in the Unites States with individuals born and raised in Japan.
Studying Culture involves studying and comparing the collective behavior learned in different societies as opposed to personality which focused on the study of individuals and their inherited and learned characteristics and as opposedto Human Nature which focused on the Universal inherited characteristics of humans.
Culture influences the choices that we make, how we work, how we interact with others, etc. It is important therefore to take into accountthe cultural differences of groups for several reasons such as in business and marketing. So with this concenpt in mind, can we quantify culture?
The answer is Yes we can! Over several years, a lot has been done to measure culture, specially from these threeanthropologists: Hofstede, Levine and Hall.
Imagine the world divided by cultural dimensions where countries are categorized by the value of each dimension. Pace of LifeThe dimension of pace of life was studied by Levine. It measures how fast and punctual people perform tasks. For example, Switzerland is considered very punctual and fast as opposed to Brazil considered as more spontaneous and relaxed with time. Pace of life is also related to predictability of actions (which reflect the studies of Hall). More punctual and fast countries are considered more predictable than more spontaneous societies due to the tendency of having inflexible schedules and deadlines. ( I said in “general” because there are some exceptions such as Japan that tends to be punctual and fast in carrying out tasks but unpredictable in their actionsdue to their flexibility in changing their schedule (Hall). ) Power DistanceThe dimension of Power Distance measures the extend to which people feel confortable with unequal distribution of power. For example, China and Russia areconsidered countries with high power distance as opposed to USA and Australia.IndividualismThe dimension of Individualism measures the extend to which people are individualistic and maintain weak ties with others. For example, USA and Canada considered as highly individualistic countries as opposed to Indonesia or Brazil.
Knowing that culture in the world has been measured through surveys and experimentsCan we detect differences in pace of life, individualism and power distance in the online world?
We argue that yes, it is possible and to do so we have correlated different twitter metrics to each of the three dimensions (pace of time, individualism and power distance). For Pace of time, we measure whether you are predictable when you tweet and mention others and how many tweets you post as compared to other cultures. For Individualism we measure whether you interact more with others than people from other cultures and for Power Distance we measure whether you preferentially follow, recommend and accept recommendations from other users more popular than you, To understand what I mean with recommendation, lets give a look at the dataset
In order to test our hypotheses, We started by collecting 12.6k geolocated seed users and their followee network during 10 weeks as well as all the tweetsposted from all of these users. From the tweets, we looked at those with the followfridayhashtag, Which is a tag used in 2011 to recommend users to follow. We collected the profile information of the users recommended and We checked at those that were accepted by the seed users. In total we arrive to 2,34 M users studied. By comparing the snapshots of the network of the seeds, we know which recommended user was accepted.
In order to capture enough users, we selected countries with more than 5 K users which accounts for the top 30 countries. We tested the representativeness of the users of these 30 countriesWith the internet penetration per country and find that they are highly correlated. All this information lead us to haveThe time users post tweets adjusted by the corresponding time zoneWho users prefer to followWho recommends who andWho accepts whom through #FollowFridayhashtags
First we have divided every working day in 5 time intervals and for pace of life, we have used the Entropy which measure the unpredictability of a user i posting in interval j (both for tweets and mentions)and the fraction of users posting during working hours (check later if it happens for all time intervals). For the entropy for tweets and mentions, we take the average entropy of all users for each country andcorrelate it with Pace of Life Index. For the # of tweets in working hours, we take the average per user in each country and correlated it with Pace of Life Index.
We find that in all cases, the perason correlations (in this case negative) are significant and also high. It seems then that countries with a higher pace of life tend to be more predictable when they tweet and the higher the pace of life the less fraction of users will tweet during working hours
We move to measure individualism now. Here we take the overall number of usersmentioning others and find a high correlation with their corresponding individualism index.
It is interesting to notice the case of Germany. It has been found that German tweets received the least number ofmentions out of the 10 most common languages in Twitter (Hong, Convertino, and Chi 2011) and that in Germany,few comments are left in blogs, (Mandl 2009).---
Here we present an example of the fraction of users mentioning others for two highly collectivist countries (Brazil and Indonesia) and three highly individualistic countries (USA, Canada and UK)For 5 time intervals in a day. We see that for all intervals, collectivist countries will tend to interact more with others than in individualistic ones.
Now lets move to Power Distance. In our dataset, we have seed users, their followees and users recommended through FF hashtags. Some of whom are befriended by the seeds and some are not. Using these users, we measure power distance through popularity imbalance.We define popularity imbalance as the difference between your popularity and the popularity of who you follow, recommend and accept recommendations. Popularity here has been measured in two ways: by the in-degree value and the fraction between in-degree and out-degree.
We find one more time a high correlation between countries with high power distance and the popularity imbalance ofwho they follow and recommend. Nevertheless, the correlation is not as high and significant for the acceptance ofrecommended users. It seems then that there is a higher popularity imbalance when users follow and recommend other users in countries with higher power distance(in case of questions) Nevertheless, the correlation is not as high for the recommendation acceptance.We explain this due to highly noisy nature of Follow Friday Recommendations.
We also see here that for the majority of the cases, the countries follow the line of the correlation. Cite the study about Indonesian people and they following artists , pop singers, etc.
We also see here that for the majority of the cases, the countries follow the line of the correlation. Cite the study about Indonesian people and they following artists , pop singers, etc.
Why is this important?We go further, by correlating our findings with economic and social indicators which are: GDP per capita (GDP divided by the number of population), Education (the proportion of the GDP invested in Education) and Inequality (as the unequal distribution of family income ). We see that for almost all cases, the findings are are also correlated withGDP per capita, Education and Inequality. An exception is found between education and the interaction with other users.
So what is next?So the most important question now to ask is when and how to apply this knowledge in building applications as to improve the user experience. We are currently studying the use of cultural features in recommender systems of social connections not onlyto increase the probability of acceptance but also to increase the tenure (longevity) of the recommendation in the network of the user. Generally applications now offer equal services without taking into consideration cultural differences. Interfaces could be personalized by considering for example the tendency of users to use twitter to chat and interact with others more than other countries. Cultural differences can also be studied in information propagation, for example does the likelihood of people interacting others increases the change of information propagation?