This tutorial provides instructions for using Mentor Graphics Design Architect to design and simulate a transistor-level inverter schematic. The steps include: 1) preparing the Mentor Graphics tools, 2) starting Design Architect and creating a new schematic, 3) adding transistor components from the library and connecting them to form the inverter, 4) simulating the inverter through DC, transient, and DC operating point analyses to observe the input-output voltage behavior.
Download tại
http://share-connect.blogspot.com/2014/10/giao-trinh-nen-mong-le-anh-hoang.html
Tên Ebook: Giáo trình Nền Móng. Tác giả: Lê Anh Hoàng. Định dạng: PDF. Số trang: 298 trang. Nhà xuất bản: Nhà xuất bản Xây dựng. Năm phát hành: 2004
Nền đất yếu trong xây dựng là tình huống chúng ta thường xuyên gặp phải. Khi gặp phải địa chất như thế thì công tác đầu tiên, bắt buộc người thiết kế phải làm đó là phải xử lý nền đất bên dưới móng để có thể chịu tải công trình từ trên truyền xuống móng.
Download tại
http://share-connect.blogspot.com/2014/10/giao-trinh-nen-mong-le-anh-hoang.html
Tên Ebook: Giáo trình Nền Móng. Tác giả: Lê Anh Hoàng. Định dạng: PDF. Số trang: 298 trang. Nhà xuất bản: Nhà xuất bản Xây dựng. Năm phát hành: 2004
Nền đất yếu trong xây dựng là tình huống chúng ta thường xuyên gặp phải. Khi gặp phải địa chất như thế thì công tác đầu tiên, bắt buộc người thiết kế phải làm đó là phải xử lý nền đất bên dưới móng để có thể chịu tải công trình từ trên truyền xuống móng.
From this power point you can get the details about Advanced Filter, Use of Macros with Advanced Filter, Data Validation, Creation of data validation Drop-Down List, Handling of External Data, Goal Seek, What-if analysis,
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
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The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
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We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
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Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
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condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
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1. Tutorial for IC Design Using Mentor Graphics™
Design and simulation an inverter
Wei Wang and Dongsoo S. Kim
1. Introduction
In this tutorial, we are going to create transistor level schematic of an inverter by using
the Design Architect of Mentor Graphic. The final schematic of the inverter will look like
the figure as shown in Figure 1-1. It also covers the simulation of the inverter.
Figure 1-1. Transistor level schematic of an inverter
2. Preparation
Check you have a correct configuration for using Mentor Graphics tools by typing as :
% module list
Currently Loaded Modulefiles:
1) base 2) tex 3) mentor
If you have don't have the mentor in the list, you need to type the following to load the
Mentor Graphics tools:
% module load mentor
Anyhow, you must have MyMentor directory under your home directory, which will
contain an html file for redirecting to ECAD online community of ECE department.
3. Starting Design Architect
2. 1. Invoke Design Manager by typing:
$ adk_daic &
The Design Manager window will appear as shown in Figure 3-1.
Figure 3-1. The Design Manager window
3. Double click da_ic icon in the 'Tools' window and wait for a couple of
seconds, the Design Architect window will appear. Select Schematic in
the Session Palette window. A dialogbox pops up as shown in Figure 3-
2.
Figure 3-2 Dialog box for open new sheet
4. In the box labeled Component Name , type the schematic name inverter
at the end of default path. If you want to indicate the another directory, use
the Navigator, select the directory name, and type inverter at the end.
5. Leave other boxes untouched and click OK. For an existing design, you
3. may use the navigator to locate the component in your directories.
4. Schematic Entry
4.1 Adding components and ports to the schematic
Select the parts for your schematic of the inverter by choosing from a library
of components.
1. In the schematic_edit palette, select Library. Click on Device Lib to
place the transistors - an NMOS(4-pin) and a PMOS(4-pin).
2. Click on Generic Lib to place Portin, Portout, VDD, and Ground as
shown in Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1 The required components in schematic diagram
4.2 Add Text/Change Labels
• To add text on the sheet:
1. Click Text on the right side palette, then select Comment Text.
2. Enter the text in the prompt bar, then click on OK.
3. Move cursor and click to place the text on the sheet.
• To change the text or name of the ports:
1. Place the cursor on the port name. Press Shift key and F7 simultaneously.
2. A Display Prompt Bar appears in the bottom of the the schematic
window. Input the new name in the New Value box, then click OK as
shown in Figure 4-2.
4. Figure 4-2. The port name.
4.3 Wiring
In the schematic_edit palette, select WIRE (or press F3). For adding a wire between
two points click once at the starting point and at all intermediate points to define the
net route and double click at the end point to complete the routing.
Figure 4-3. Add wires.
4.4 Change the instance name of the components
To change the reference number (INST), select the component, click right mouse button,
and then select Properties >Modify Multiple. In the box of Instance, change the
ASIM_MODEL, INST, L, and W values as shown in Figure 4-4.
To change the reference number automatically highlight all components, click the right
mouse button, Instance > Alter. The reference numbers will be automatically generated
by the tool.
5. Fig 4-4. Change the properties
5. Check/Save the sheet
1. The schematic you have created needs to be checked for connection errors before
it is saved into a file. Press Check& Save from the schematic_edit palette to
check and save your sheet. If your sheet does not pass the check, you cannot get
the result of simulation of the design. Check the log if errors are listed.
2. To prepare a Viewpoint for simulation in DA_IC, click Simulation in the palette,
click OK, and then click EndSim. (To make sure the Netlist is SPICE_Netlister
and Viewpoint name is eldonet by click option as shown in Figure 5-1.)
6. Figure 5-1. Setup Default Viewpoint
6. Generate Symbol
1. After your schematic is completed, you may want to create a block symbol to
represent this circuit. This symbol can be used in other schematics to perform the
same function as this circuit, and you do not need to draw the same circuit again.
2. Make sure that the schematic is checked and saved before making the symbol. To
generate a symbol, select:
M iscellaneous -> Generate Symbol...
from the pull-down menu bar.
3. In General Symbol dialog box, select Choose Shape, and select Buffer, click
OK , and click OK. A Symbol is created automatically and is displayed in a new
window as shown in Figure 6-1.
Fig 6-1. The symbol of Inverter.
7. 4. Edit symbol if necessary. Use the same skill as in editing the schematic.
5. To save the symbol, press Check& Save from the schematic_edit palette to
check and save your sheet.
7. Simulation
7.1 Create a test circuit
1. Close your inverter and symbol, open a new sheet, and name it test_inverter.
2. Add one instantiation of inverter cell by selecting
Add -> Instrance -> Choose Symbol
Choose Inverter and click OK, we will get the symbol of the inverter as shown in
Figure 7-1.
Figure 7-1. One instantiation of an inverter
3. Add DC source at the input of inverter, add Portout at the output, create
power supply for the circuit, and change the value of DC source and Pulse
source from 1 V to 3.3 V.
4. Check & Save
7.2 Set up the model
1. Click Simulation in the schematic_edit palette to invoke the simulation, and
click OK.
2. Include TSMC0.35 m BSIM3 model, click Library in schematic_sim_palette,
and type ‘$ADK/technology/accusim/tsmc035.mod’ in Library path and then
click OK.
7.3 DC Analysis
You will run a DC sweep of the input and view the results.
1. Cliick Analysis in Setup Sim header inside schematic_sim_palette, select DC
and click Setup.
In the setup box that appears, type ‘IN’ for ‘Voltage Source’, ’
0’ for 'Start' box
and '3.3' for 'Stop' field, click OK, and then click OK as shown in Figure 7-2.
8. Figure 7-2. Setup Voltage Source
2. To view the input and output of your inverter, highlight IN and OUT,
click Setup Results>Plots. Select DC, select Voltage, and then click OK
Click Setup Results>Probes. Check DC, select Voltage, and then click OK
3. To run the simulation, click Netlist Write and Simulation->Run.
4. To view the results of your dc sweep, click Results>View>Invoke Viewer. Click
Result> Xprobe>Voltages-Default.
5. Drag cover input port and output port.
6. Press the right mouse bottom and from the popup menu select Chart >Add
cursor.
Then type Cursor name: T0 > OK
Press the left mouse button on the cursor and drag the cursor to the voltage point
you want
to measure.
To obtain another cursor to measure between points, press the right mouse bottom
and from
the popup menu select Chart >Add cursor. Then type Cursor name: T1 > OK
Press the left mouse button on the cursor and drag the cursor to the second voltage
point you
want to measure.
7. Another method to view the results of the analysis is by listing the signal values.
Select Vin Vout and the right mouse bottom, and select LIST . A LIST window
will appear
with a list of values for Vin and Vout.
8. Print your waveform by selecting the trace window, and selecting File > Print
Chart with ICPrint from the menu. Type `laser` for the printer name.
7.4 Transient Analysis
In this section, you will provide a pulse at the input and view the results.
1. Instead of using DC Source by using Pulse Source, connect to the input of
inverter as shown in Figure 7-3.
9. Figure 7-3. The schematic for Transient Analysis
2. Click Setup Sim ->Analysis, select Transient, click Setup. In the setup box that
appears, type 10u for Stop Time field and 50n for Time Step box. Then click on
OK.
3. To view the input and output of your inverter, highlight IN and OUT, and click
Setup Results>Plots. Check TRAN, select Voltage, and then click OK.
Click Setup Results>Probes. Check TRAN, select Voltage, and then click OK
4. To run the simulation, click Netlist Write and Simulation->Run.
5. View the results by clicking Results>View>Invoke Viewer. Click Result>
Xprobe>Voltages-Defaultas shown in Figure 7-4.
6. You can probe, measure and view your results as in the previous section.
Figure 7-4. The results of Transient Analysis
7.5 DC Operating point Analysis
In this section, you will find the DC operating point of several nodes in the circuit
and look at the transfer function of the input.
1. Setting up the simulation
Click Setup Sim ->Analysis.
Select DCOP in the dialog box that appears,then click OK
2. Running the simulation
Click Netlist Write and Simulation->Run.
3. Viewing the results
10. The next step is to view the results of your simulation run.
To see all the DC voltages and currents in your schematic,
Click DCOP_Show >Both