The document presents a vision for achieving carbon neutral electricity and district heating in Finland by 2050. It discusses challenges like long-term investments, climate change mitigation costs, and the need for new generation capacity. The vision involves transitioning to low-carbon generation technologies, increasing energy efficiency and combined heat and power, and using more domestic renewable resources like wood. Realizing this vision would significantly reduce Finland's greenhouse gas emissions and strengthen energy security.
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* Emerging Sustainable Technologies - Elodie Lecadre, Engie Research, Lead Scientific Advisor
* CCU & Molecules - Jan Mertens, Engie Research, Chief Science Officer (En)
* Rationals behind CCUS and Direct Air Capture - Grégoire Leonard, Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Liège
* CCU & heavy process industries - Jean-Yves Tilquin, Carmeuse, Group R&D Director & Vice-President CO2 Value Europe
Assess the transition to a circular economy for the energy system: Long-term ...IEA-ETSAP
Assess the transition to a circular economy for the energy system: Long-term analysis of the case of the South-Est region of France.
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CCU et les nouvelles molecules de la transition energetique | 2 fevrier 2021Cluster TWEED
Webinaire organisé par le pôle Greenwin et le cluster TWEED, lié aux nouvelles technologies émergentes du secteur énergétique, aux derniers développements au niveau du captage, du stockage et de la valorisation du CO2 (CCUS), ainsi qu'au rôle des nouvelles molécules de la transition énergétique.
* Emerging Sustainable Technologies - Elodie Lecadre, Engie Research, Lead Scientific Advisor
* CCU & Molecules - Jan Mertens, Engie Research, Chief Science Officer (En)
* Rationals behind CCUS and Direct Air Capture - Grégoire Leonard, Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Liège
* CCU & heavy process industries - Jean-Yves Tilquin, Carmeuse, Group R&D Director & Vice-President CO2 Value Europe
Assess the transition to a circular economy for the energy system: Long-term ...IEA-ETSAP
Assess the transition to a circular economy for the energy system: Long-term analysis of the case of the South-Est region of France.
Mr. Carlos Andrade, Center for Applied Mathematics
Development of 2050’s national long-term energy plans for carbon neutrality t...IEA-ETSAP
Development of national long-term energy plans, for 2050’s carbon neutrality targets, using the DESSTINEE model.
Dr. Gabriel David Oreggioni, Imperial College London
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Addressing flexibility and decarbonization of energy systems through TIMES modelling: the case of European Islands.
Ms. Sophie Chlela, Centre for Applied Mathematics (CMA), MINES Paristech
In 2011, the European Commission concluded in its white paper “Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area” that the phase-out of fossil fuels driven cars by 2050 was necessary to achieve its energy and climate objectives. In 2019, as part of the European Green Deal, the Commission is proposing to revise the regulation on CO2 standards for cars and vans, to ensure a clear pathway towards zero-emission mobility.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to road transport have grown since 1990 by 20.5%, and now account for one-fifth of EU GHG emissions – and they keep growing. The picture is similar regarding final energy consumption. Road transport uses 24% of EU final energy, having grown by 28% since 1990.
The good news is that a zero-emission technology is ready today for market uptake: the battery electric vehicle. From day one this vehicle completely cuts local GHG and air pollutant emissions and emits three times less GHG emissions on a well-to-wheel basis. On a life cycle basis (“cradle to grave”), a battery electric vehicle also generates significantly less GHG emissions than cars using gasoline or diesel. Moreover, the full decarbonisation of the electricity system, which is foreseen well before 2050, will enable battery electric vehicles to make transport fully climate-neutral.
Electrifying road transport is also the fastest and most cost-effective way to achieve energy efficiency goals because it is the asset with the highest replacing rate (average car ownership period 5-7 years1)and is currently at least 2.5 times more efficient than alternative technologies.
On 28 November 2019 the European Parliament declared a climate emergency and its Members asked for immediate and ambitious action to limit the effects of climate change2. Battery electric vehicles are ready to contribute to addressing this challenge. What is needed now is to accelerate the deployment of full electric vehicles.
Copper is one of the main materials that makes this transition possible. On average a battery electric vehicle requires three times more copper than a vehicle driven by a combustion engine. Half of it is in the battery system, mainly as foil in the anode of the cell working as current collector and heat dissipator. About one quarter is in the drive motors and their control system, and the other quarter is in wire harness, connectors and electronics. In addition, copper plays a role in the charging infrastructure and in the generation of renewable electricity to power the vehicles.
Access to energy is at the heart of the economic development of any country. This slide shows the fundamental differences between renewable and non-renewable energy sources. To cope with climate change and to guarantee the planet survival, the world needs to take urgent action. In this scenario, solar energy is leading the energy shift. Furthermore, with declining investments cost, producing solar electricity for the purpose of self-consumption is on the rise. A solar self- consumption installation uses the PV electricity generated on-site to meet the energy needs of the consumer while minimizing or excluding the use of electricity from the utility grid.
Climate Change Mitigation & AdaptationLaurence Mills
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Renewable Technologies
Financial Assistance
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Climate Change Adaptation & Forward Planning
The Challenges and Opportunities of Decentralised EnergyEMEX
As we transition to a low carbon energy system we are at a crossroads in terms of the costs of providing energy vs the carbon emissions that emanate from that energy. Hear through the drivers of this market and the opportunities that exist within it.
At the scale of a town district, a community solar self-consumption project is not only possible technically and legally, but also financially viable today.
In this article, we will discuss ‘allocation keys’ to break down the energy produced between the various participating consumers in order to obtain the desired balance between redistribution of benefits to those who truly consume solar energy and profitability for the investor.
How do changes to future technology and fuel developments affect the optimal ...IEA-ETSAP
How do changes to future technology and fuel developments affect the optimal residential
heating decarbonisation pathway?
Mr. Jason Mc Guire, MaREI, UCC
Copper's Contribution to Combat Climate ChangeLeonardo ENERGY
This document was presented at the 1st European Conference for the promotion of Local actions to combat Climate Change, to hold in Punta Umbría - Huelva - Spain, on days 23, 24 and 25 of September 2009. http://www.laccc.es/index.php/en
It was the first meeting under the Covenant of Mayors initiative with the object of developing and improving the necessary tools and working structures.
This document presents the huge potential for energy efficiency associated to copper use in motors, transformers and renewable energy systems.
Solar Thermal Conference "Paving ways together for solar thermal energy in Egypt" at Heliopolis University, Cairo, on 18th May 2016
"Solar Heating in Social Housing", Dr. Hend Farouh, NUCA
Keynote, 15th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES)
Brian Vad Mathiesen, Aalborg University
Online, Cologne, September 3rd 2020
Development of 2050’s national long-term energy plans for carbon neutrality t...IEA-ETSAP
Development of national long-term energy plans, for 2050’s carbon neutrality targets, using the DESSTINEE model.
Dr. Gabriel David Oreggioni, Imperial College London
Addressing flexibility and decarbonization of energy systems through TIMES mo...IEA-ETSAP
Addressing flexibility and decarbonization of energy systems through TIMES modelling: the case of European Islands.
Ms. Sophie Chlela, Centre for Applied Mathematics (CMA), MINES Paristech
In 2011, the European Commission concluded in its white paper “Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area” that the phase-out of fossil fuels driven cars by 2050 was necessary to achieve its energy and climate objectives. In 2019, as part of the European Green Deal, the Commission is proposing to revise the regulation on CO2 standards for cars and vans, to ensure a clear pathway towards zero-emission mobility.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to road transport have grown since 1990 by 20.5%, and now account for one-fifth of EU GHG emissions – and they keep growing. The picture is similar regarding final energy consumption. Road transport uses 24% of EU final energy, having grown by 28% since 1990.
The good news is that a zero-emission technology is ready today for market uptake: the battery electric vehicle. From day one this vehicle completely cuts local GHG and air pollutant emissions and emits three times less GHG emissions on a well-to-wheel basis. On a life cycle basis (“cradle to grave”), a battery electric vehicle also generates significantly less GHG emissions than cars using gasoline or diesel. Moreover, the full decarbonisation of the electricity system, which is foreseen well before 2050, will enable battery electric vehicles to make transport fully climate-neutral.
Electrifying road transport is also the fastest and most cost-effective way to achieve energy efficiency goals because it is the asset with the highest replacing rate (average car ownership period 5-7 years1)and is currently at least 2.5 times more efficient than alternative technologies.
On 28 November 2019 the European Parliament declared a climate emergency and its Members asked for immediate and ambitious action to limit the effects of climate change2. Battery electric vehicles are ready to contribute to addressing this challenge. What is needed now is to accelerate the deployment of full electric vehicles.
Copper is one of the main materials that makes this transition possible. On average a battery electric vehicle requires three times more copper than a vehicle driven by a combustion engine. Half of it is in the battery system, mainly as foil in the anode of the cell working as current collector and heat dissipator. About one quarter is in the drive motors and their control system, and the other quarter is in wire harness, connectors and electronics. In addition, copper plays a role in the charging infrastructure and in the generation of renewable electricity to power the vehicles.
Access to energy is at the heart of the economic development of any country. This slide shows the fundamental differences between renewable and non-renewable energy sources. To cope with climate change and to guarantee the planet survival, the world needs to take urgent action. In this scenario, solar energy is leading the energy shift. Furthermore, with declining investments cost, producing solar electricity for the purpose of self-consumption is on the rise. A solar self- consumption installation uses the PV electricity generated on-site to meet the energy needs of the consumer while minimizing or excluding the use of electricity from the utility grid.
Climate Change Mitigation & AdaptationLaurence Mills
Climate Change Plan
Renewable Technologies
Financial Assistance
Conservation & Efficiency
Mitigation with Technology
Global Climate Change
UK Energy Supply & Climate
Scotland\'s Projected Climate Changes
Climate Change Adaptation & Forward Planning
The Challenges and Opportunities of Decentralised EnergyEMEX
As we transition to a low carbon energy system we are at a crossroads in terms of the costs of providing energy vs the carbon emissions that emanate from that energy. Hear through the drivers of this market and the opportunities that exist within it.
At the scale of a town district, a community solar self-consumption project is not only possible technically and legally, but also financially viable today.
In this article, we will discuss ‘allocation keys’ to break down the energy produced between the various participating consumers in order to obtain the desired balance between redistribution of benefits to those who truly consume solar energy and profitability for the investor.
How do changes to future technology and fuel developments affect the optimal ...IEA-ETSAP
How do changes to future technology and fuel developments affect the optimal residential
heating decarbonisation pathway?
Mr. Jason Mc Guire, MaREI, UCC
Copper's Contribution to Combat Climate ChangeLeonardo ENERGY
This document was presented at the 1st European Conference for the promotion of Local actions to combat Climate Change, to hold in Punta Umbría - Huelva - Spain, on days 23, 24 and 25 of September 2009. http://www.laccc.es/index.php/en
It was the first meeting under the Covenant of Mayors initiative with the object of developing and improving the necessary tools and working structures.
This document presents the huge potential for energy efficiency associated to copper use in motors, transformers and renewable energy systems.
Solar Thermal Conference "Paving ways together for solar thermal energy in Egypt" at Heliopolis University, Cairo, on 18th May 2016
"Solar Heating in Social Housing", Dr. Hend Farouh, NUCA
Keynote, 15th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES)
Brian Vad Mathiesen, Aalborg University
Online, Cologne, September 3rd 2020
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II Ciclo de Conferencias de Economóa Circular organizado por Funseam y la Fundación Repsol.
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28/10/ 2021
Second Stakeholder Event for the Revision of Directive (REDII) 2018/2001
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March 22, 2021, Brussels - Online
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This presentation provides a high-level scenario for the EU energy transition and estimates how much copper will be required. It then compares these requirements to available reserves, resources and the urban mine.
Presentation: Energy system needs to change - but how? at Wind Finland seminar 10 Oct 2018 by Karoliina Auvinen, Aalto University / Smart Energy Transition project
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#TheIndiaDialog looks at inviting the world’s leading experts and intellectuals in the areas of economics, business, policy, social development, science, technology, art and culture to provide their perspectives and foster an understanding of India. There would be a series of keynote addresses, panel discussions, and fireside chats during the dialog.
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
2. The future is decided
now
• Capital-intensive, long-term
operations
• Interaction with the rest of society
• Need for new capacity
• Costs of climate change mitigation
will grow, if actions are postponed
• A concrete model for the industry
and decision-makers
2
3. Capital-intensive
industry
Source: Confederation of Finnish
Industries EK
3
4. Investments and plans of various industries in
Finland 2004-2010 (MEUR)
Source: EK Investment Surveys 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010
4
5. Phases of vision work
• Four research institutes co-operate
– Lappeenranta University of Technology
– Tampere University of Technology
– Finland Futures Research Centre of
Turku School of Economics
– Government Institute for Economic
Research
• Three future workshops
• Two internet surveys
5
6. Targets
• To support the well-being of citizens
and national competitiveness
• To reduce greenhouse gas emissions
• To increase energy efficiency
• To promote the utilisation of
domestic energy
• To find cost-efficient solutions
6
7. Angles of observation
• Climate challenge
• Citizens’ purchasing power and
prosperity, competitiveness of the
business sector
• Availability of energy and security
of supply
7
8. ET’s vision work
• The energy industry’s vision 2050:
– Turning challenges into opportunities – a carbon-neutral vision for
electricity and district heat for 2050
• Four future scenarios
– Finland as a piece of driftwood in the world in crises
– Ecological values dominate
– Ending oil dependency while securing prosperity
– Industrial growth
• Three background reports from
– Finland Futures Research Centre of Turku School of Economics
– Lappeenranta University of Technology
– Tampere University of Technology
8
10. World 2050
• Population 9–10 (6.7) billion
• Mean temperature will have risen by 2
degrees
• Energy supply and climate issues on
government agendas, binding international
agreements
• Rapidly growing global need for energy
• Oil and natural gas will be concentrated in
the hands of a few, global consumption will
decline
• Coal will be commonly used
10
11. Finland 2050
• Population over 6 (5.3) million
• National economy grows, purchasing
power improves
• Service sector grows
• Traffic increases
• Average size of households decreases
and their number increases
• Technology plays a key role in energy
production and climate solutions
• The efficiency of energy use improves
11
12. Technological devopment
will create new
opportunities
• The efficiency of energy use will improve
• Smart grid
• Production technologies will evolve
– combined heat and power production
– renewables
– micro-generation
– 4th generation nuclear power
• Electrification of transport
• Heat pumps
• District cooling, utilisation of thermal energy from
cooling
• Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
12
13. Energy efficiency according
to the vision
• The building stock will grow, while the total need
for heating energy will decrease by 30 %
• The number of household appliances will
increase, but the potential for increasing
efficiency (23% 2020) will make up for the
increase in energy consumption
• In services, the potential for increasing efficiency
is almost 20%
• In industry, the potential for increasing efficiency
is about 20%
• In regular passenger services, the present
performance level can be reached by one third of
the present energy consumption.
13
14. Energy efficiency will improve also in
sectors outside the energy vision
• Heavy traffic, ship and air traffic
– engine technology
– features of vehicles
• Production machinery
– hybrid solutions
– electrification
• Industry
– optimisation of pumps, blowers and compressed-air
equipment
– frequency converters and high-efficiency engines
– increased recycling of materials
– optimisation and development of processes
14
15. Technology may open up
completely new possibilities
• DC electricity transmission
• Sharp increase in property and
building-specific energy production
• Solar energy breakthrough also in
the Nordic countries
• Room-temperature superconductivity
• Fusion power generation
15
18. Transport will go
electric
Source: Honkapuro, Jauhiainen, Partanen and Valkealahti.
18
19. Smart grid
• Two-way electricity transmission and
communication
• Distributed micro-generation included
– Solar, wind power, biofuels
• Flexibility for the system
– Demand yields according to production
– Enables storage of energy
Growing efficiency and functioning of
markets
19
20. Consumption of
heating energy 2050
Source: Honkapuro, Jauhiainen, Partanen and Valkealahti.
Demand for district heat 25–33 TWh in 2050 (2007: 31 TWh).
20
21. Demand for electricity
Electricity consumption (TWh/a)
Sector
2007 2030 2050
Housing 23 24-26 24-27
Household electricity 11 13 13-14
Heating of buildings 12 11 9-11
Cooling of buildings 0,2 1 2
Industry 48 49-56 48-58
Services & Public sector 15,5 22 30-40
Transport 0,5 3 8-10
Losses 3 3 4
Total 90 100-111 113-138
21
23. Energy production in
Finland 2050
• Share of emission-free generation increases
– Use of wood increases significantly
– More regulating power from hydropower
– Nuclear power is probably used for district heating as
well
– Sharp increase in wind power generation
• Distributed micro-generation increases
– Production integrated into buildings, small-scale co-
generation will soon be a reality (solar, wind, bio)
• Fossils less important
– Carbon capture in operation – some multi-fuel power
plants are carbon sinks
– Natural gas is used in cities and industry
• Peat is still used
23
24. Electricity generation
2050
Carbon capture will cover a good third of all fuels in 2050.
24
25. District heating 2050
Carbon capture is commonly used in power plants fired by
coal and natural gas, as well as in the biggest power plants
fired by peat and wood in 2050. The oil used by heating
plants is bio-oil.
25
26. Electricity generation capacity
2050
Generation capacity 24,000–32,000 MW in 2050 – we
will need a total of19,000—27,000 MW of new capacity.
26
27. Low-carbon generation
• There will be a 50% increase in
combined heat and power generation
• Emissions from electricity generation
280 g/kWh 30–40 g/kWh
• Emissions from district heat generation
220 g/kWh 25 g/kWh
• Overall emsissions from electricity
and heat generation 5–7 Mt of CO2,
today 30 Mt
– Emission reduction 25 Mt
27
28. Electricity and district heat
will replace fossil fuels
• Electricity and district heat will replace
fossil fuels and reduce emissions
– Transport: -8 million tonnes
– Heating: -3 million tonnes
– Industry: -1 million tonne
– Electricity imports will be counterbalanced
by some small-scale exports
– Emissions impact -6 million tonnes
• A total emission reduction of 12-18 Mt
of CO2
28
29. Estimated reduction in
CO2 emissions
With electricity and district heat,
- the CO2 emissions covered by the vision will decrease by 85-90 per cent
- GHG emissions from Finland will decrease by a good 50 per cent
In operations excluded from the vision, enegy efficiency can be increased, biofuels can be introduced and
other corresponding measures can be taken, and thanks to these measures, the goal of reducing
emissions by a total of 80% can be reached
29
31. Energy consumption
2050
• Energy consumption will decrease
• The share of electricity in end-use of energy will increase from the present 28% to approx. 46%
• The share of district heat will incease sligthly (11%), even though the heat requirement of buildings
will decrease
• The CO2 emissions from electricity and district heat generation will decrease by approx. 80%, while
the consumption of electricity and district heat will increase by about a half
• As a result of the increase in energy efficiency, the end-use of energy will be 30% lower than on the
baseline (in which case energy efficiency and the generation of electricity and district heat, as well as
the fuels, would be the same as today, and no additional nuclear or hydro power could be
constructed). 31
32. Implementation of the vision
will bolster the balance of
trade
Source: Honkapuro, Jauhiainen, Partanen and Valkealahti.
32
33. Completely possible
• Carbon-neutral energy production
• Self-sufficiency will improve
• Energy efficiency will increase
• Use of renewable and domestic energy
sources will increase
• The national economy will strengthen;
prosperity and the volume of gross
domestic product will increase
• Purchasing power will increase more
quickly than the prices of electricity and
district heat
33
35. International preconditions
for the implementation of
the vision
• A global price for carbon dioxide
• Directing carbon dioxide costs to
emission-producing operations
• Open and integrated European
electricity market
35
36. Preconditions for the
implementation of the vision in
Finland (1/2)
• A stable and predictable operating environment
must be ensured for energy investments
• Far-sighted and and consistent energy policy
• All operators commit to the climate target in the
long run
• Functioning fuel market
• A wide selection of technologies and fuels available
for operators
– Social steering is directed to the climate targets
instead of the means
36
37. Preconditions for the
implementation of the vision in
Finland (2/2)
• Emission prices are determined by the market
• No steering methods that overlap or contradict
with those of emissions trading
• Regional planning, EIA and permit systems will be
accelerated
• All operators commit to the European electricity
market
• Energy technology should be developed into a
cornerstone of exports
– Sufficient investments in technological
develpment
• Solutions supporting the electrification of
transport
37
38. Thank you!
• Further information and research
reports are available here:
www.energia.fi
38
40. Energy-saving applications for
electricity and district heat
• The relative shares of various measures
in increasing energy efficiency
Source: Honkapuro, Jauhiainen, Partanen and Valkealahti.
40
41. Electricity and district
heat as solutions:
• Carbon-neutral energy production
• Self-sufficiency will improve
• Energy efficiency will increase
• Use of renewable and domestic energy
sources will increase
• Purchasing power will increase more
quickly than the prices of electricity and
district heat
• The national economy will be
strengthened 41
42. Contents of the
presentation
• Objectives and angle
• Vision work
• Megatrends
• The starting points and main themes
• Impacts of the vision
42
43. Target world
• Fair global distribution of economic
growth
• Implementation of sustainable
development
Common targets for solving climate
change and energy poverty problems
• Strong co-operation at the international
and regional levels
• WEC’s Lion scenario as a background
43
46. Issues to be
investigated
• Alternative prospects for energy and
the economy
• Development of energy production and
operating technologies, along with
energy efficiency
– impact on energy production and consumption
• The goal state of energy consumption
and production
– in view of climate change and energy security
• Preconditions and measures for
achieving the goal state
46
47. Angles of observation
• Climate challenge
• Citizens’ purchasing power and
prosperity, competitiveness of the
business sector
• Availability of energy and security of
supply
47
48. International trends:
• Climate change
• Population growth
• Fossil energy resources are in short
supply and concentrated in the hands
of a few
– Availability?
– Price?
– Conflicts?
• Increase in global energy consumption
• European electricity market integration
48
49. Opportunities provided by
technological development:
• Energy use will become more
efficient
• Electricity and district heat will
replace fossil fuels
• Energy efficiency to be enhanced in
the construction sector
• Transport will increase and become
electrified
• Cooling will be more common 49
53. Carbon-neutral
electricity and district
heat
• Production structure will be reformed
• Emissions from own production will
decrease
• Will replace fossil fuels
• From energy imports to small-scale
exports
53
54. Energy requirements
of buildings
• Building regulations will reduce the
specific heat requirements of
buildings
• Total heat requirement will decrease
by 30 per cent
• Oil heating will be replaced by district
heating in urban areas
• District cooling will become more
common in urban areas
54
55. Combined heat and
power generation
• The amount of CHP electricity: 25–30 TWh, today: 27
TWh
– Follows the consumption of district heat and industrial
steam
• The share of CHP heat will rise to 85%, today 75%
• Technological development and the markets will
promote cogeneration
– The share of CHP electricity will grow
– Will be profitable on a smaller scale
• Flexible in terms of fuels and generation
– The share of biofuels will increase significantly
– Will produce condensate electricity, and provide markets
with some regulation
55
56. Reduction of emissions from
the electricity and district heat
sector: 12-18 Mt of CO2
56
57. Self-sufficiency will
reduce emissions
• Significant electricity imports (10–15
TWh) will turn into small-scale exports
(0–10 TWh):
– Mainly exported to EU countries
– Emission reduction approx. 6.2 million
tonnes of CO2
• Emissions from current imports: 4.2 Mt of CO2
• Exports will make up for 2 Mt of CO2 emissions
from production in other EU countries
57
67. Estimate of net CO2emissions from power and heat
generation 2050
Direct emissions from energy production + 5—7 Mt CO2/year
Fossil fuels will be replaced by electricity and district heat
– transport -8 MtCO2/year
– heating -3 MtCO2/year
– industry -1 MtCO2/year
Decrease in emissions from electricity generation in other countries
– electricity imports will be counterbalanced by
-4 MtCO2/year
electricity exports
– the emission reducing impact of electricity
-2 MtCO2/year
exports
= net emissions according to the energy vision - 11— - 13 MtCO2/year
67
68. Estimate of the average thermal energy requirement of
the entire housing stock in 2009, 2020 and 2050
Estimate of the average thermal energy requirement of each building
Type of building type (kWh/m2,a)
2009 2020 2050
Detached houses 148 134 88—110
Terraced and linked
145 136 93—116
houses
Apartment buildings 151 142 99—124
Commercial buildings 286 272 195—244
Office buildings 227 205 136—170
Transport and
communications 207 187 131—164
buildings
Buildings for institutional
272 241 152—190
care
Assembly buildings 193 186 138—172
Educational buildings 158 146 98—122
Industrial buildings 353 338 241—301
Warehouses 166 153 103—129
68
69. Estimate of the efficiency rates and coefficients of
performance of various heating systems
Average efficiency rate (%) or coefficient of performance
Heating method
2009 2020 2050
Oil 85 87 90
Direct electric heating 95 97 98
Electric storage
90 93 95
heating
Wood-burning stove 60 65 70
Pellet heating + water
75 78 80
circulation
Ground source heat
3 3,5 4
pump
Air source heat pump 2.7 3.0 3.3
69
70. Energy consumption by equipment group
Energy consumption by equipment group 2020 (GWh/a)
Equipment group BAU BAT BAT/BAU
Cold storage equipment 1,227 767 63%
Cooking 693 577 83%
Dish washer 290 268 92%
Laundering and drying 423 347 82%
Entertainment
1,076 860 80%
electronics
IT equipment 240 87 36%
Electric sauna heater 971 971 100%
HVAC equipment 809 566 70%
Floor heating 227 227 100%
Car heating 225 225 100%
Indoor lighting 2,002 845 42%
Outdoor lighting 99 22 22%
Other 2,650 2,650 100%
70
Total 10,931 8,412 77%
71. Estimate of electricity consumption in Finland in 2030
and 2050 (year of comparison 2007)
Electricity Electricity Electricity
Sector consumption in 2007 consumption in 2030 consumption in 2050
(TWh/a) (TWh/a) (TWh/a)
Households 11 13 13–14
Heating of buildings 12 11 9–11
Cooling of buildings 0,2 1 2
Industry 48 49–56 48–58
Services & Public sector 15,5 22 30–40
Transport 0,5 3 8–10
Losses 3 3 4
Total 90 100–111 113–138
71