The document provides guidelines for greenhouse gas emission observation and monitoring research practices in urban areas. It aims to lay out available methodologies, allow stakeholders to assess quality, and provide clear guidelines for evaluating research plans and outcomes. The guidelines represent the first step toward establishing standards for atmospheric greenhouse gas research to support emission inventories and mitigation actions. The report content includes discussions of urban inventory and flux models, direct observational methods, and data assimilation systems used in existing research.
Presentation by ICOS DG Werner Kutsch at the UNFCCC Earth Information Day in UN COP22 on Tue 8 November 2016.
See the Earth Information Day programme: http://unfccc.int/science/workstreams/items/9949.php
From Independent to Transparent Monitoring for Climate and DevelopmentOeko-Institut
This document summarizes an independent monitoring project funded by the European Commission to build trust and consensus around greenhouse gas data for land use sectors. The project analyzed existing data sets, conducted case studies, and provided recommendations. Key findings include that independent monitoring can increase transparency but also challenges such as technical limitations and lack of data access or interpretation capacity among stakeholders. The project recommends data providers increase transparency, accuracy, and accessibility of data and estimates. It also calls for continued work to reconcile differences between data sets and models to improve greenhouse gas estimates.
09.15Measuring air pollutant emissions using novel techniques.pdfIES / IAQM
This document discusses using novel techniques like remote sensing, telematics data, and sensor data to measure vehicular pollutant concentrations and emissions at high spatial and temporal resolution. Combining data streams from different devices allows the generation of detailed maps of air pollution sources, levels, and how they change over time and location. While this offers potential benefits, integrating diverse data also raises privacy and ethical concerns that need addressing.
This document outlines a vision for a global observation system of carbon and greenhouse gases by 2023 that provides comprehensive data for scientists and supports decision-making. It discusses the current state of carbon and GHG monitoring, noting it is distributed across mostly independent programs. The document proposes that GEO Carbon and GHG Initiative could play a role in following this landscape and coordinating efforts to fill gaps. It outlines four tasks for GEO Carbon and GHG Initiative including engaging with users and policymakers, providing open access to data, optimizing observational networks, and developing consistent products and services like greenhouse gas budgets across scales.
Session 2 - UNEP_Circular Economy and Indicators.pdfOECD Environment
This document discusses UNEP's current and upcoming work related to measuring circular economies and reducing plastic pollution:
1) UNEP is drafting guidelines for countries to measure their progress towards a circular economy, including key terms, data sources, statistics, and institutional collaboration.
2) A new project will build countries' capacity to measure their transition to circular economies and produce waste data to inform policies by 2026.
3) UNEP's Plastic Initiative from 2023-2028 aims to accelerate the global shift to circular plastics by developing guidelines to help countries measure plastic flows and inform policies.
4) The plastics guidelines will be developed through partnerships and consultations with experts and stakeholders, with
Terriquez, Joe, US EPA, Next Generation Compliance, Missouri Air Compliance S...Kevin Perry
The document discusses the EPA's efforts to modernize environmental protection programs through electronic reporting, advanced monitoring, and transparency. It outlines 5 principles and 16 tools to improve the ability to implement programs with limited resources and ultimately reduce pollution. This includes making paper-based reporting electronic, using advanced monitoring for better pollution data in real-time, and increasing transparency to improve compliance and accountability. The goals are to streamline data collection and sharing, target oversight more effectively, and enhance protection of public health and the environment through 21st century approaches.
This document summarizes a global research project aimed at reducing land health risks and targeting agroforestry interventions to enhance land productivity. Key points include:
- Developing methods for evidenced-based management of land health through land health surveillance.
- Applying these methods to multi-scale targeting of sustainable land management and assessing intervention outcomes.
- Establishing a sentinel site surveillance framework using stratified random sampling to monitor soil health.
- Developing soil-plant spectral diagnostics using spectroscopy to map soil properties.
- Creating regional spatial information systems and out-scaling the work through various initiatives.
Presentation by ICOS DG Werner Kutsch at the UNFCCC Earth Information Day in UN COP22 on Tue 8 November 2016.
See the Earth Information Day programme: http://unfccc.int/science/workstreams/items/9949.php
From Independent to Transparent Monitoring for Climate and DevelopmentOeko-Institut
This document summarizes an independent monitoring project funded by the European Commission to build trust and consensus around greenhouse gas data for land use sectors. The project analyzed existing data sets, conducted case studies, and provided recommendations. Key findings include that independent monitoring can increase transparency but also challenges such as technical limitations and lack of data access or interpretation capacity among stakeholders. The project recommends data providers increase transparency, accuracy, and accessibility of data and estimates. It also calls for continued work to reconcile differences between data sets and models to improve greenhouse gas estimates.
09.15Measuring air pollutant emissions using novel techniques.pdfIES / IAQM
This document discusses using novel techniques like remote sensing, telematics data, and sensor data to measure vehicular pollutant concentrations and emissions at high spatial and temporal resolution. Combining data streams from different devices allows the generation of detailed maps of air pollution sources, levels, and how they change over time and location. While this offers potential benefits, integrating diverse data also raises privacy and ethical concerns that need addressing.
This document outlines a vision for a global observation system of carbon and greenhouse gases by 2023 that provides comprehensive data for scientists and supports decision-making. It discusses the current state of carbon and GHG monitoring, noting it is distributed across mostly independent programs. The document proposes that GEO Carbon and GHG Initiative could play a role in following this landscape and coordinating efforts to fill gaps. It outlines four tasks for GEO Carbon and GHG Initiative including engaging with users and policymakers, providing open access to data, optimizing observational networks, and developing consistent products and services like greenhouse gas budgets across scales.
Session 2 - UNEP_Circular Economy and Indicators.pdfOECD Environment
This document discusses UNEP's current and upcoming work related to measuring circular economies and reducing plastic pollution:
1) UNEP is drafting guidelines for countries to measure their progress towards a circular economy, including key terms, data sources, statistics, and institutional collaboration.
2) A new project will build countries' capacity to measure their transition to circular economies and produce waste data to inform policies by 2026.
3) UNEP's Plastic Initiative from 2023-2028 aims to accelerate the global shift to circular plastics by developing guidelines to help countries measure plastic flows and inform policies.
4) The plastics guidelines will be developed through partnerships and consultations with experts and stakeholders, with
Terriquez, Joe, US EPA, Next Generation Compliance, Missouri Air Compliance S...Kevin Perry
The document discusses the EPA's efforts to modernize environmental protection programs through electronic reporting, advanced monitoring, and transparency. It outlines 5 principles and 16 tools to improve the ability to implement programs with limited resources and ultimately reduce pollution. This includes making paper-based reporting electronic, using advanced monitoring for better pollution data in real-time, and increasing transparency to improve compliance and accountability. The goals are to streamline data collection and sharing, target oversight more effectively, and enhance protection of public health and the environment through 21st century approaches.
This document summarizes a global research project aimed at reducing land health risks and targeting agroforestry interventions to enhance land productivity. Key points include:
- Developing methods for evidenced-based management of land health through land health surveillance.
- Applying these methods to multi-scale targeting of sustainable land management and assessing intervention outcomes.
- Establishing a sentinel site surveillance framework using stratified random sampling to monitor soil health.
- Developing soil-plant spectral diagnostics using spectroscopy to map soil properties.
- Creating regional spatial information systems and out-scaling the work through various initiatives.
Trasformative goals Water Pollutation New 2024.pptdwivedidilip1988
The Central Pollution Control Board held a webinar on its 46th foundation day to discuss its transformative goals for 2030. It aims to revamp its monitoring and analysis systems, take an airshed and watershed based action planning approach, strengthen capacity building through partnerships, drive research and innovation, and leverage information technology tools to improve environmental management. The goals are aimed at helping the organization address the growing complexities of pollution control in India by 2030.
The document describes the COVID-19 testing program implemented in Leicester, UK. It outlines the challenges of the program, including the need for an emergency response, sensitivity of communications, and difficulty testing communities. It then details the program's approach, which established governance, utilized project management tools and techniques, and divided the city into areas to target testing resources. Updates to the program over time added rapid testing centers and shifted to asymptomatic testing of key workers. Data was analyzed to prioritize testing in certain areas and presented to stakeholders to facilitate collaboration and consistent program delivery.
Open Data in a GIS-perspective - Dr. Joep CrompvoetsSarahBuelens
This document discusses the economic benefits of open geodata. It provides examples that show open geodata can increase productivity and innovation, leading to economic growth. Specific studies are cited that estimate open geodata contributes billions of euros annually to European GDP. Open geodata also improves government transparency and public services. Challenges include potential loss of cost recovery and data control for providers. Overall, open geodata is found to enable greater data use and sharing, improved decision-making, and opportunities for cost savings across organizations.
This document discusses a project that aims to reduce the urban heat island effect in cities through the large-scale installation of green roofs coupled with sensor networks and a decision support system (DSS) tool. The project involves measuring temperatures and validating models before and after green roof deployment. A DSS will then allow city planners to simulate different scenarios. The goals are to lower atmospheric and surface temperatures, create the GreenFOC DSS, implement a cheaper sensor network, and apply improved methods to urban climate simulation.
MMEA (The Measurement, Monitoring and Environmental Efficiency Assessment) research program final seminar presentation by Director of Laboratory Tero Eklin, SYKE & Technology Manager Heikki Turtiainen, Vaisala Ltd
Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing Higher Tiers in the National GHG...ipcc-media
- Developing a national GHG inventory requires integrating data from different sources using methods that rely on data, assumptions, and models. Higher tier methods (Tier 3) use spatially-explicit models to track emissions at the unit level and better capture variations, estimate carbon flows between pools, and project emission scenarios.
- Indonesia has developed the Indonesian National Carbon Accounting System (INCAS) as a Tier 3 integrating tool to produce detailed annual estimates of emissions and removals to support policy and meet reporting needs. The system uses land cover change data and biophysical models within a transparent framework to facilitate verification.
- Higher tiers provide more accurate estimates and ability to analyze management impacts but require consideration of reporting needs
The document describes Component A of the Carbon Benefits Project which aims to develop a standardized methodology and protocol for measuring, monitoring, and reporting the carbon benefits of land management projects.
Component A is led by Colorado State University and involves multiple partners developing the protocol and testing it using existing projects. The protocol will provide guidance to projects on assessing carbon stocks, greenhouse gas fluxes, and economic impacts in a standardized way. It will incorporate existing carbon modeling tools and involve capacity building activities.
The document discusses the Readiness of ICOS for Necessities of Integrated Global Observations (RINGO) project. It summarizes that RINGO received EU Horizon 2020 funding and involved 28 beneficiaries and 11 linked third parties across Europe. The project had five work packages that aimed to increase ICOS's impact, enhance its membership and sustainability, support technical developments, improve data infrastructure, and work towards a global carbon and greenhouse gas observation system. RINGO helped prepare ICOS for its next funding phase by taking a strategic, logical, and task-oriented approach agreed upon by the ICOS community.
The document summarizes the programme of events for the Sensors for Water Interest Group in 2017-18. It includes workshops on water and wastewater monitoring technologies, water and health, innovations in water sensors, sensors for maintenance, condition monitoring, and data-driven technologies. The workshops will bring together academic researchers and industry to discuss collaboration opportunities and the latest developments in sensor technologies for applications in the water industry.
The document discusses concepts related to aerosol characterization and monitoring efforts. It describes the goal of the Regional Haze Rule to attain natural conditions by 2064 and establish baselines from 2000-2004. It also discusses satellite applications for monitoring smoke and particulate matter to help regulatory and public needs. The FASTNET and DataFed projects pursue recommendations from the National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy to provide enhanced real-time data and integrate multiple data sources and models to better characterize non-industrial aerosol events.
The document discusses low-cost air quality monitoring by citizens and community groups. It outlines needs such as measuring particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and other pollutants using easy to use and mobile sensors. It then summarizes several current projects using commercial low-cost sensors or developing new sensor technologies. These include mobile monitoring efforts, community group projects, and apps to involve citizens in collecting air quality data. The document calls for further development and collaboration between government, universities and community groups on low-cost air quality sensing.
"European cooperation in science and technology - COST actions" - Maria Morag...SEENET-MTP
COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is an intergovernmental framework established in 1971 to enable coordination of nationally funded research. It supports networking of researchers through Actions involving meetings, conferences, workshops and other activities. Researchers from COST members, neighboring countries and international partners can participate in COST's 328 running Actions involving over 30,000 researchers annually. COST receives EUR 300 million from the EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020 to support excellence in transnational cooperation and networking in research and innovation.
Holmgren redd+ monitoring and information overview 21 march 2011 finaltheREDDdesk
The document discusses monitoring and information requirements for REDD+ programs. It outlines that monitoring is key to meeting UNFCCC requirements, serving national policy needs, and ensuring effective local implementation. Monitoring needs to assess carbon emissions, environmental and social impacts, and governance. Strategic monitoring requires high accuracy while operational monitoring needs full coverage at low cost. The UN-REDD program will develop a monitoring framework and package of tools to support country-level REDD+ monitoring efforts.
The document discusses the impact of public sector geographic information and the INSPIRE Directive. It finds that INSPIRE has helped geographic information by establishing stringent rules on policy and technical infrastructure. However, users still complain about licensing costs and conditions for geographic information. INSPIRE aims to establish a spatial data infrastructure in Europe to support environmental and related policies. It requires metadata, interoperability, network services, and data sharing between members. Studies in Catalonia and Lombardy found costs of establishing spatial data infrastructures were recovered within months due to efficiency savings for local governments and businesses. However, practitioners conducting environmental impact assessments still face problems finding, accessing, and integrating spatial data needed.
The document discusses research gaps and needs for the Co-ordination of Research on Particulate Matter (CCRP) program. It outlines the structure of CCRP, including high-level groups focused on emissions, impacts and adaptation, socio-economic analyses, and technologies. It then discusses specific research areas for trans-boundary air pollution, including key pollutants, emissions inventories, measurement and monitoring, pollutant transport modeling, environmental objectives, and policy options.
The document discusses indicators for sustainable consumption and production (SCP) that can be used by civil society organizations. It introduces several commonly used indicators, including MIPS (Material Input Per Service unit) and HPI (Happy Planet Index). MIPS measures the natural resources used over a product's lifecycle. HPI measures life satisfaction, life expectancy and ecological footprint to assess countries' sustainability performance. The document outlines strengths and weaknesses of the indicators and suggests actions CSOs can take to promote more sustainable practices and policies using these types of indicators.
FP7 Specific Programme Cooperation (March 2007)CPN_Africa
1. The document outlines several funding schemes under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme, including Collaborative Projects, Networks of Excellence, and Coordination and Support Actions.
2. Collaborative Projects support objective-driven research conducted by a minimum of three partners across multiple EU countries. Projects range from small to large integrating projects lasting 2-5 years.
3. The document also provides funding budgets and typical number of partners for different funding schemes and themes under the Seventh Framework Programme such as Health, Food and Agriculture, and Information Communication Technologies.
This document provides guidelines for civil society organizations on public policy instruments for sustainable consumption and production. It gives an overview of key areas of focus in food, housing and mobility and describes SCP policy processes from the individual to international levels. The document outlines various policy instruments that can be used for SCP and provides an example of norms and standards. It suggests ways that CSOs can assess, campaign for, participate in and network around policy instruments to increase their effectiveness in supporting SCP goals.
The document summarizes the UK Location Programme (UKLP) which aims to improve access and use of location data across the UK public sector by building a shared infrastructure. The UKLP will deliver an online portal and registry to make location data more discoverable, accessible and interoperable. This will help improve public services, enable innovation and support policy making by reducing costs and duplication associated with location data management and allowing new insights from linking diverse datasets. The UKLP implements the UK Location Strategy and INSPIRE Directive to realize these benefits by 2021 through stakeholder engagement and pilot projects.
This project received funding from the EMPIR programme and European Union's Horizon 2020 programme. It aims to establish new traceability for radon metrology quantities used in climate observation and radiation protection. Key targets are developing new calibration services, validating current radon models with traceable measurements, providing dynamic radon maps for research and regulation, and facilitating adoption of new measurement infrastructure. The project has resulted in several publications establishing new radon standards and measurement methods.
The document discusses two wind measurement instruments: the Wind Ranger 100/200 Doppler lidar and uSonic-3 Class A MP and Cage MP ultrasonic anemometers. The Wind Ranger is a compact Doppler lidar that can measure the 3D wind vector with high spatial and temporal resolution up to 200m in height. The uSonic-3 instruments use multiple measurement paths, including three vertical paths, to measure wind and turbulence with minimized shadow effects and flow distortion while offering various output options, flexible operation, internal data storage, and online monitoring.
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Trasformative goals Water Pollutation New 2024.pptdwivedidilip1988
The Central Pollution Control Board held a webinar on its 46th foundation day to discuss its transformative goals for 2030. It aims to revamp its monitoring and analysis systems, take an airshed and watershed based action planning approach, strengthen capacity building through partnerships, drive research and innovation, and leverage information technology tools to improve environmental management. The goals are aimed at helping the organization address the growing complexities of pollution control in India by 2030.
The document describes the COVID-19 testing program implemented in Leicester, UK. It outlines the challenges of the program, including the need for an emergency response, sensitivity of communications, and difficulty testing communities. It then details the program's approach, which established governance, utilized project management tools and techniques, and divided the city into areas to target testing resources. Updates to the program over time added rapid testing centers and shifted to asymptomatic testing of key workers. Data was analyzed to prioritize testing in certain areas and presented to stakeholders to facilitate collaboration and consistent program delivery.
Open Data in a GIS-perspective - Dr. Joep CrompvoetsSarahBuelens
This document discusses the economic benefits of open geodata. It provides examples that show open geodata can increase productivity and innovation, leading to economic growth. Specific studies are cited that estimate open geodata contributes billions of euros annually to European GDP. Open geodata also improves government transparency and public services. Challenges include potential loss of cost recovery and data control for providers. Overall, open geodata is found to enable greater data use and sharing, improved decision-making, and opportunities for cost savings across organizations.
This document discusses a project that aims to reduce the urban heat island effect in cities through the large-scale installation of green roofs coupled with sensor networks and a decision support system (DSS) tool. The project involves measuring temperatures and validating models before and after green roof deployment. A DSS will then allow city planners to simulate different scenarios. The goals are to lower atmospheric and surface temperatures, create the GreenFOC DSS, implement a cheaper sensor network, and apply improved methods to urban climate simulation.
MMEA (The Measurement, Monitoring and Environmental Efficiency Assessment) research program final seminar presentation by Director of Laboratory Tero Eklin, SYKE & Technology Manager Heikki Turtiainen, Vaisala Ltd
Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing Higher Tiers in the National GHG...ipcc-media
- Developing a national GHG inventory requires integrating data from different sources using methods that rely on data, assumptions, and models. Higher tier methods (Tier 3) use spatially-explicit models to track emissions at the unit level and better capture variations, estimate carbon flows between pools, and project emission scenarios.
- Indonesia has developed the Indonesian National Carbon Accounting System (INCAS) as a Tier 3 integrating tool to produce detailed annual estimates of emissions and removals to support policy and meet reporting needs. The system uses land cover change data and biophysical models within a transparent framework to facilitate verification.
- Higher tiers provide more accurate estimates and ability to analyze management impacts but require consideration of reporting needs
The document describes Component A of the Carbon Benefits Project which aims to develop a standardized methodology and protocol for measuring, monitoring, and reporting the carbon benefits of land management projects.
Component A is led by Colorado State University and involves multiple partners developing the protocol and testing it using existing projects. The protocol will provide guidance to projects on assessing carbon stocks, greenhouse gas fluxes, and economic impacts in a standardized way. It will incorporate existing carbon modeling tools and involve capacity building activities.
The document discusses the Readiness of ICOS for Necessities of Integrated Global Observations (RINGO) project. It summarizes that RINGO received EU Horizon 2020 funding and involved 28 beneficiaries and 11 linked third parties across Europe. The project had five work packages that aimed to increase ICOS's impact, enhance its membership and sustainability, support technical developments, improve data infrastructure, and work towards a global carbon and greenhouse gas observation system. RINGO helped prepare ICOS for its next funding phase by taking a strategic, logical, and task-oriented approach agreed upon by the ICOS community.
The document summarizes the programme of events for the Sensors for Water Interest Group in 2017-18. It includes workshops on water and wastewater monitoring technologies, water and health, innovations in water sensors, sensors for maintenance, condition monitoring, and data-driven technologies. The workshops will bring together academic researchers and industry to discuss collaboration opportunities and the latest developments in sensor technologies for applications in the water industry.
The document discusses concepts related to aerosol characterization and monitoring efforts. It describes the goal of the Regional Haze Rule to attain natural conditions by 2064 and establish baselines from 2000-2004. It also discusses satellite applications for monitoring smoke and particulate matter to help regulatory and public needs. The FASTNET and DataFed projects pursue recommendations from the National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy to provide enhanced real-time data and integrate multiple data sources and models to better characterize non-industrial aerosol events.
The document discusses low-cost air quality monitoring by citizens and community groups. It outlines needs such as measuring particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and other pollutants using easy to use and mobile sensors. It then summarizes several current projects using commercial low-cost sensors or developing new sensor technologies. These include mobile monitoring efforts, community group projects, and apps to involve citizens in collecting air quality data. The document calls for further development and collaboration between government, universities and community groups on low-cost air quality sensing.
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COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is an intergovernmental framework established in 1971 to enable coordination of nationally funded research. It supports networking of researchers through Actions involving meetings, conferences, workshops and other activities. Researchers from COST members, neighboring countries and international partners can participate in COST's 328 running Actions involving over 30,000 researchers annually. COST receives EUR 300 million from the EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020 to support excellence in transnational cooperation and networking in research and innovation.
Holmgren redd+ monitoring and information overview 21 march 2011 finaltheREDDdesk
The document discusses monitoring and information requirements for REDD+ programs. It outlines that monitoring is key to meeting UNFCCC requirements, serving national policy needs, and ensuring effective local implementation. Monitoring needs to assess carbon emissions, environmental and social impacts, and governance. Strategic monitoring requires high accuracy while operational monitoring needs full coverage at low cost. The UN-REDD program will develop a monitoring framework and package of tools to support country-level REDD+ monitoring efforts.
The document discusses the impact of public sector geographic information and the INSPIRE Directive. It finds that INSPIRE has helped geographic information by establishing stringent rules on policy and technical infrastructure. However, users still complain about licensing costs and conditions for geographic information. INSPIRE aims to establish a spatial data infrastructure in Europe to support environmental and related policies. It requires metadata, interoperability, network services, and data sharing between members. Studies in Catalonia and Lombardy found costs of establishing spatial data infrastructures were recovered within months due to efficiency savings for local governments and businesses. However, practitioners conducting environmental impact assessments still face problems finding, accessing, and integrating spatial data needed.
The document discusses research gaps and needs for the Co-ordination of Research on Particulate Matter (CCRP) program. It outlines the structure of CCRP, including high-level groups focused on emissions, impacts and adaptation, socio-economic analyses, and technologies. It then discusses specific research areas for trans-boundary air pollution, including key pollutants, emissions inventories, measurement and monitoring, pollutant transport modeling, environmental objectives, and policy options.
The document discusses indicators for sustainable consumption and production (SCP) that can be used by civil society organizations. It introduces several commonly used indicators, including MIPS (Material Input Per Service unit) and HPI (Happy Planet Index). MIPS measures the natural resources used over a product's lifecycle. HPI measures life satisfaction, life expectancy and ecological footprint to assess countries' sustainability performance. The document outlines strengths and weaknesses of the indicators and suggests actions CSOs can take to promote more sustainable practices and policies using these types of indicators.
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1. The document outlines several funding schemes under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme, including Collaborative Projects, Networks of Excellence, and Coordination and Support Actions.
2. Collaborative Projects support objective-driven research conducted by a minimum of three partners across multiple EU countries. Projects range from small to large integrating projects lasting 2-5 years.
3. The document also provides funding budgets and typical number of partners for different funding schemes and themes under the Seventh Framework Programme such as Health, Food and Agriculture, and Information Communication Technologies.
This document provides guidelines for civil society organizations on public policy instruments for sustainable consumption and production. It gives an overview of key areas of focus in food, housing and mobility and describes SCP policy processes from the individual to international levels. The document outlines various policy instruments that can be used for SCP and provides an example of norms and standards. It suggests ways that CSOs can assess, campaign for, participate in and network around policy instruments to increase their effectiveness in supporting SCP goals.
The document summarizes the UK Location Programme (UKLP) which aims to improve access and use of location data across the UK public sector by building a shared infrastructure. The UKLP will deliver an online portal and registry to make location data more discoverable, accessible and interoperable. This will help improve public services, enable innovation and support policy making by reducing costs and duplication associated with location data management and allowing new insights from linking diverse datasets. The UKLP implements the UK Location Strategy and INSPIRE Directive to realize these benefits by 2021 through stakeholder engagement and pilot projects.
Similar to Turnbull, Jocelyn: Towards an International standard for Urban Greenhouse Gas Monitoring and Assessment (20)
This project received funding from the EMPIR programme and European Union's Horizon 2020 programme. It aims to establish new traceability for radon metrology quantities used in climate observation and radiation protection. Key targets are developing new calibration services, validating current radon models with traceable measurements, providing dynamic radon maps for research and regulation, and facilitating adoption of new measurement infrastructure. The project has resulted in several publications establishing new radon standards and measurement methods.
The document discusses two wind measurement instruments: the Wind Ranger 100/200 Doppler lidar and uSonic-3 Class A MP and Cage MP ultrasonic anemometers. The Wind Ranger is a compact Doppler lidar that can measure the 3D wind vector with high spatial and temporal resolution up to 200m in height. The uSonic-3 instruments use multiple measurement paths, including three vertical paths, to measure wind and turbulence with minimized shadow effects and flow distortion while offering various output options, flexible operation, internal data storage, and online monitoring.
This document discusses addressing forest canopy decoupling on a global scale. It provides background on decoupling, which occurs when there is insufficient mixing of air masses above and below the forest canopy. This can bias carbon flux measurements made above the canopy. The document outlines a global decoupling synthesis study involving over 30 forest sites. Preliminary results show decoupling occurs at all sites and is influenced by atmospheric conditions, canopy properties, and surrounding topography. Topography in particular can impact flow patterns and cause horizontal advection during decoupled periods. In conclusion, complementary below-canopy measurements are recommended to better understand decoupling and its effects on carbon flux estimates.
This study examined how drought impacts water and carbon exchange in Scots pine forests across boreal and temperate climate zones. The researchers used the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to determine drought conditions at six Scots pine forest sites representing a range of climates. They found that prolonged drought, even over multiple summers, reduced the carbon uptake and increased the water use efficiency of the pine forests. Specifically, they observed a reduction in the assimilation rate and annual carbon sequestration at one temperate forest site after an extreme drought in 2015. Linking long-term SPEI data to on-site flux and soil measurements helped explain the forest ecosystem responses to drought across different climatic
The document summarizes testing of the Picarro G4301 Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy Analyzer for measuring CO2, CH4, and H2O. Tests at a metrology laboratory found the instrument has short-term precision of 0.1 ppm for CO2 and 0.24 ppb for CH4. Long-term repeatability over 30 days was 0.08 ppm for CO2 and 0.22 ppb for CH4. The instrument was stable against varying humidity, temperature, and pressure within specifications. A comparison to a reference instrument found good agreement. Field users appreciated the portable design and reliability of the instrument for ecological and industrial applications requiring precision of 2 ppm for CO2
The document summarizes the Baltic Sea Action Group's Carbon Action project which aims to promote regenerative agriculture in Finland. The project establishes carbon action farms and verification systems to measure soil carbon sequestration. Regenerative farming techniques like minimal tilling, organic amendments, and cover crops can store more carbon in soils, reduce emissions, and support biodiversity. The project communicates these practices to farmers, companies, decision makers and scientists through an online platform and course to advance carbon removal and climate change mitigation through healthy agricultural soils.
This document describes methods to improve machine learning reconstructions of ocean carbon dioxide (pCO2) by incorporating physical knowledge. It presents two methods: (1) reconstructing the pCO2 residual by removing the temperature component, focusing the model on other drivers; and (2) using ocean biogeochemical models as a prior and training a machine learning model to estimate the climatological misfit between models and observations, allowing extension of reconstructions back to 1959. Both methods showed improved performance over original models in independent evaluation data, with the climatological correction approach capturing most of the improvement. The techniques demonstrate how physical knowledge can enhance machine learning reconstructions of pCO2.
This document presents research on the impact of below-canopy and above-canopy air mass decoupling on carbon dioxide exchange in a temperate floodplain forest. The study measured CO2 fluxes above and below the forest canopy from 2015-2020 at a site in Lanžhot, Czech Republic. While decoupling between the layers occurred regularly, the analysis found no significant effect of decoupling on the annual net ecosystem carbon exchange derived from above-canopy measurements. The flat terrain around the study site likely inhibited the removal of carbon-rich air, minimizing any bias from decoupling over longer time scales.
This document discusses using outdoor radon concentration and radon flux data for radiation protection applications. It provides background information on typical indoor and outdoor radon levels, as well as radon flux. The document outlines legal requirements for identifying Radon Priority Areas where radon levels are expected to exceed reference levels. It discusses different methods for developing radon maps to identify these areas, including using statistics, geostatistics, and machine learning on indoor radon data and other geogenic parameters like outdoor radon and radon flux. The goal of the traceRadon project is to improve methods for identifying Radon Priority Areas using outdoor radon and radon flux data. The document also discusses using gamma dose rate measurements to identify radon wash
This document summarizes one year of aircraft vertical profile measurements of CO2, CH4, and CO in tropical East Africa from September 2018 to April 2021. Over 200 vertical profiles were collected across Uganda, characterizing large-scale enhancements in all three gases that varied seasonally and with latitude. The measurements found higher tracer-tracer ratios near urban areas and observed impacts from wet/dry seasonality and biomass burning. Challenges included data gaps due to COVID, internet outages, and permitting issues. The dataset is available for evaluating satellite retrievals and biomass burning and emission models over Africa.
The document describes an investigation of the Suess effect in the surface waters of the Southern Indian Ocean between 1998 and 2021 using carbon isotope data. Key findings include:
1) Application of an extended multiple linear regression model to the data detected anthropogenic changes to both dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon isotope ratios, with a rate of increase in anthropogenic carbon of 0.8 μmol/kg/yr and rate of decrease in carbon isotope ratios (Suess effect) of 0.011‰/yr.
2) The rates of change estimated by the regression model were similar to rates estimated from observed regional trends over the study period, suggesting only small impacts from natural variability.
3) A strong linear relationship was
This document summarizes a study estimating the spatial variability of carbon cycle components in Helsinki, Finland using the SUEWS modelling tool. The study found that CO2 emissions from human metabolism accounted for 45% of local anthropogenic emissions, while net biogenic CO2 exchange accounted for 25% of anthropogenic emissions. Spatial maps showed traffic emissions were concentrated along ring roads, building heating emissions in residential areas, and human metabolism emissions in city centers. Vegetation uptake and emissions from human metabolism were comparable to or exceeded emissions from traffic and building heating in some areas of Helsinki.
This study measured CO2 fluxes and water turbulence in Jade Bay, Germany during winter to better understand how these parameters influence air-sea CO2 exchange. Researchers used a floating chamber method and infrared gas analyzer to measure the gas transfer velocity (k) and acoustic instruments to measure turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). Preliminary results found only a weak correlation between wind speed and TKE, and no significant correlation between wind speed and k. Further analysis will test for correlations between k and TKE and compare different instruments' TKE measurements, to improve models of air-sea CO2 flux.
This document discusses the Greenhouse gas Observations of Biospheric and Local Emissions from the Upper sky (GOBLEU) project. The project aims to monitor Japan's climate mitigation progress using high-resolution greenhouse gas measurements from instruments installed on commercial airliners. Initial results show GOBLEU can observe nitric oxide concentrations over cities at finer scales than satellites. Comparisons to ground-based data find GOBLEU measurements correlate well, particularly in the megacity of Nagoya where satellite data correlates less. Future work includes more frequent flights and observations of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence over forested areas to monitor carbon sinks.
This document summarizes research measuring stable isotopologues of water and carbon dioxide in the Amazon rainforest to better understand land-atmosphere exchange processes. Laser spectrometry was used to measure isotopic composition and fluxes at high temporal resolution. Preliminary results showed daytime CO2 uptake enriching ambient air in carbon-13, and water vapor fluxes originating from evaporated, fractionated sources similar to root water. Further analysis will include laboratory analysis of leaf, soil, and air samples to partition fluxes, as well as isotope modeling to integrate effects and fluxes. The goal is to describe turbulent exchange processes at small scales to improve understanding of this complex system.
MethaneSAT is a new satellite funded by donations that aims to measure methane emissions globally to help reduce them. Its high resolution could allow detecting diffuse agricultural emissions for the first time from space. New Zealand's researchers will help develop methods to measure agricultural methane using MethaneSAT data. They will test these methods with measurement campaigns in New Zealand, where agriculture is a major source of methane emissions. The goal is to then apply this capability to measure methane from livestock and rice farming globally.
The document discusses LI-COR's trace gas analyzer platform and its applications. The platform uses optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy and can measure methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide. It is designed for flexibility in field research. Applications discussed include measuring soil gas fluxes, long-term atmospheric monitoring, urban and mobile emission monitoring, measuring pCO2 in seawater, and profiling gas storage fluxes.
Radon is a useful tracer gas for estimating greenhouse gas emissions and reducing uncertainties in atmospheric transport models. However, current radon measurement techniques have inconsistencies that limit their usefulness. This study proposes a standardized protocol for radon data processing to harmonize measurements across sites and over time. Applying time response corrections to radon detector outputs from two UK sites improved correlations with methane concentrations and allowed more frequent flux estimations in atmospheric transport models. The standardized protocol has potential to better utilize radon measurements for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions.
A large windthrow event in 2007 turned a former old spruce forest (DE-Hzd) into a net CO2 source for 11 years until 2017. Compared to an undisturbed old spruce forest (DE-Tha), the disturbed forest was a weaker carbon sink from 2018-2021, absorbing only 21% as much carbon. In total, the windthrow caused the disturbed forest to lose an estimated 288 tons of carbon per hectare from 2010-2021. Parallel monitoring revealed both the duration and magnitude of carbon loss following the disturbance.
This document summarizes research using eddy covariance flux tower measurements to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cities. Flux towers can directly measure CO2 and other gas fluxes continuously over urban areas. When combined with trace gas measurements and footprint modeling, flux data can be decomposed to separate biological from fossil-fuel derived CO2 fluxes. Comparisons of decomposed flux data to high-resolution urban GHG emissions inventories like Hestia show good agreement, validating the inventories. Flux towers also reveal active photosynthesis in urban turf grasses, highlighting needs to represent different urban vegetation types. Accounting for variations in rural biogenic fluxes is also important for isolating urban anthropogenic emissions.
More from Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) (20)
Compositions of iron-meteorite parent bodies constrainthe structure of the pr...Sérgio Sacani
Magmatic iron-meteorite parent bodies are the earliest planetesimals in the Solar System,and they preserve information about conditions and planet-forming processes in thesolar nebula. In this study, we include comprehensive elemental compositions andfractional-crystallization modeling for iron meteorites from the cores of five differenti-ated asteroids from the inner Solar System. Together with previous results of metalliccores from the outer Solar System, we conclude that asteroidal cores from the outerSolar System have smaller sizes, elevated siderophile-element abundances, and simplercrystallization processes than those from the inner Solar System. These differences arerelated to the formation locations of the parent asteroids because the solar protoplane-tary disk varied in redox conditions, elemental distributions, and dynamics at differentheliocentric distances. Using highly siderophile-element data from iron meteorites, wereconstruct the distribution of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) across theprotoplanetary disk within the first million years of Solar-System history. CAIs, the firstsolids to condense in the Solar System, formed close to the Sun. They were, however,concentrated within the outer disk and depleted within the inner disk. Future modelsof the structure and evolution of the protoplanetary disk should account for this dis-tribution pattern of CAIs.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptxshubhijain836
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
Turnbull, Jocelyn: Towards an International standard for Urban Greenhouse Gas Monitoring and Assessment
1. IG3IS Urban Greenhouse Gas
Emission Observation and
Monitoring Good Research
Practice Guidelines
Jocelyn Turnbull, Phil DeCola, Kevin Gurney,
Kim Mueller, Felix Vogel
Anna Agusti-Panareda, Doyeon Ahn, Sunil Baidar, Heinrich
Bovensmann, Alan Brewer, Dominik Brunner, Huilin Chen, Jia Chen,
Frédéric Chevallier, David Crisp, Andreas Christen, Ron Cohen, Kenneth
J Davis, Florian Dietrich, Richard Engelen, Christian Feigenwinter,
Andreas Fix, Beniamino Gioli, Kristian Hajny, Janne Hakkarainen,
Samuel Hammer, Frank Hase, Tim Hilton, Lucy Hutyra, Leena Järvi,
Anna Karion, Jooil Kim, Thomas Lauvaux, John Lin, Zoe Loh, Israel
Lopez-Coto, Bradley Matthews, Natasha Miles, Logan Mitchell, Lee
Murray, Thomas Nehrkorn, Nasrin Mostafavi Pak, Dario Papale,
Hayoung Park, Ignacio Pisso, Joseph Pitt, Michel Ramonet, Peter
Rayner, Thomas Röckmann, Anke Roiger, Paul Shepson, Peter Sperlich,
Erik Velasco, Alex Vermuelen, Isaac Vimont, Roland Vogt, James
Whetstone, Joy Winbourne, Irene Xueref-Remy
2. GNS Science
International, national, local commitment to emissions mitigation
Atmospheric greenhouse gas research aims to enable emission mitigation by providing information about what and
where emissions are, and how they are changing
To make this information usable and used, we need to go beyond science and into the operational/services and
policy space
Conference of the Parties
Twenty-first session
Paris, 30 November to 11 December 2015
Agenda item 4(b)
Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (decision 1/CP.17)
United Nations FCCC/CP/2015/L.9
Distr.: Limited
12 December 2015
Original: English
4. GNS Science
IG3IS An Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas Information System
World Meteorological Organization initiative
IG3IS is the bridge connecting atmospheric greenhouse gas science with stakeholders and
policy outcomes
5. GNS Science
IG3IS Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas Information System
World Meteorological Organization programme
National: Provide
information to inventory
builders in support of their
efforts to reduce
uncertainty of national
emission inventory
reporting to United Nations
Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Combines atmospheric GHG observations with human-activity data in a modeling and analysis framework to help decision-makers
take better-informed action to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants that reduce air quality.
Cities: Support subnational
government entities such as cities
and states that represent large
greenhouse gas (GHG) source
regions (e.g., megacities) with
actionable information on their
GHG emissions at the needed
spatial, temporal and sectoral
resolution to evaluate and guide
progress towards emission
reduction goals
Global stocktake:
Support the Paris Agreement’s
global stock take as governments
and the UNFCCC define their
requirements.
Industry: Provide
information to industry and
private sector businesses
that will help locate and
quantify previously
unknown emission
reduction opportunities
such as fugitive methane
emissions from industrial
sources
6. GNS Science
IG3IS Supports and Endorses GHG Projects around the world
Endorsement Criteria
• High quality methodology for
greenhouse gas observations,
modelling, data products
• Clear link to uptake by
stakeholders and policymakers
The ultimate criterion for success is
that the information produced
guides additional and valuable
emission-reduction actions.
IG3IS endorsed projects
7. GNS Science
Australia synthetic GHG national emissions
pollution episodes from
Melbourne emissions are
identified
emissions calculated by Inter-
species correlation with CO or
NAME-InTEM inversions
good agreement between these
two independent methods
Australian emissions scaled
from Melbourne emissions by
population and reported to the
UNFCCC
Zoe Loh et al.
8. GNS Science
New Zealand National-scale CO2 Emissions
Beata Bukosa et al.
Atmospheric inversion indicates much larger land carbon sink than the
National Inventory Report
CarbonWatch-NZ and Ministry for the Environment are working together
• Identify causes of differences
• Find a pathway to include this new info in the National Inventory Report
9. GNS Science
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Megacity Carbon Emission
Project in China
• Establishment of comprehensive CO2 observation system at JJJ
Continuous observation: satellites+ high precision tower station+ dense network of 200+ low-cost sensor stations
Regular intensive observation: mobile and airborne measurement, air-core sampling, laser radar scanning
• High resolution carbon data assimilation system: Simulation of atmospheric CO2 at high resolution (km, hourly), with VEGAS model as the
core of the simulation; to quantify the uncertainty by using two advanced data assimilation method (LETKF-Carbon Bayesian Inversion)
• 1km carbon emission inventory and low carbon development policy: Detailed large point sources of 1km inventory of JJJ city cluster;
Low carbon index for city cluster to guide future development plan.
Zeng, Yao, Han et al.
High precision
tower
measurement
Airborne
measure
ment
Mobile
measurement
+low cost
sensor
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (JJJ) Megacity
Carbon Monitoring network
Posterior CO2 emission
10. GNS Science
Indianapolis emission estimate comparison
Hestia data product and tower observation based
inversion agree within 3%
Consistent underestimate in self-reported
emissions through time
Underestimate persists in all emission sectors
Mueller et al., 2021
11. GNS Science
Auckland, New Zealand
Many diverse stakeholders
Auckland Council
Local government
Central government
Indigenous groups
Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei
Wind
direction
Turnbull et al.
Industry
12. GNS Science
IG3IS Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas Information System
World Meteorological Organization programme
National: Provide
information to inventory
builders in support of their
efforts to reduce
uncertainty of national
emission inventory
reporting to United Nations
Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Combines atmospheric GHG observations with human-activity data in a modeling and analysis framework to help decision-makers
take better-informed action to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants that reduce air quality.
Cities: Support subnational
government entities such as cities
and states that represent large
greenhouse gas (GHG) source
regions (e.g., megacities) with
actionable information on their
GHG emissions at the needed
spatial, temporal and sectoral
resolution to evaluate and guide
progress towards emission
reduction goals
Global stocktake:
Support the Paris Agreement’s
global stock take as governments
and the UNFCCC define their
requirements.
Industry: Provide
information to industry and
private sector businesses
that will help locate and
quantify previously
unknown emission
reduction opportunities
such as fugitive methane
emissions from industrial
sources
13. GNS Science
Expand on existing whole city inventory methods
with information from the atmosphere
• Lay out the available methodologies
• Allow stakeholders to assess the quality of
existing and proposed urban greenhouse gas
research
• Provide clear guidelines against which current
and new practitioners can evaluate their
research plans and outcomes
• Consolidate detailed information on particular
methodologies, including “tips and tricks”, to
guide new researchers
The first step on the pathway to documentary
standards, as the research best practices coalesce
into widely accepted methodologies that can be
implemented in operational situations.
IG3IS Urban Greenhouse Gas Emission Observation and
Monitoring Good Research Practice Guidelines
IG3IS Urban Greenhouse
Gas Emission Observation
and Monitoring Good
Research Practice
Guidelines
Jocelyn Turnbull, Phil DeCola, Kevin Gurney, Kim
Mueller, Felix Vogel
Anna Agusti-Panareda, Doyeon Ahn, Sunil Baidar, Heinrich Bovensmann, Alan
Brewer, Dominik Brunner, Huilin Chen, Jia Chen, Frédéric Chevallier, David
Crisp, Andreas Christen, Ron Cohen, Kenneth J Davis, Florian Dietrich,
Richard Engelen, Christian Feigenwinter, Andreas Fix, Beniamino Gioli,
Kristian Hajny, Janne Hakkarainen, Samuel Hammer, Frank Hase, Tim Hilton,
Lucy Hutyra, Leena Järvi, Anna Karion, Jooil Kim, Thomas Lauvaux, John Lin,
Zoe Loh, Israel Lopez-Coto, Bradley Matthews, Natasha Miles, Logan Mitchell,
Lee Murray, Thomas Nehrkorn, Nasrin Mostafavi Pak, Dario Papale, Hayoung
Park, Ignacio Pisso, Joseph Pitt, Michel Ramonet, Peter Rayner, Thomas
Röckmann, Anke Roiger, Paul Shepson, Peter Sperlich, Erik Velasco, Alex
Vermuelen, Isaac Vimont, Roland Vogt, James Whetstone, Joy Winbourne,
Irene Xueref-Remy
275
15. GNS Science
Solutions for Targeted Mitigation
Data Assimilation Systems
Simple scaling <======> Near-real time data assimilation
Direct Observational Methods
Short-term campaigns < ====== > Integrated long-term network
Urban Inventory and Flux Models
Simple inventory < ====== > Process-based model using near-real time data
Tier
of
solution
Increasing ability for targeted mitigation
Determine total
city emissions
Track total city
emission trends
Attribute
emissions by
sector
Identify major
emitters and
detect
anomalies
Resolve spatial
and temporal
emission
patterns
Understand
emission
processes and
drivers
16. GNS Science
Content of report
Urban Inventory and Flux Models
• Fossil fuel CO2 (CO2ff) emission data products
• Biogenic CO2 flux models/products
• Methane flux models/products
• Tower and other elevated point observations
• Tower and elevated point measurement data analysis
• Greenhouse gas and other trace gas vertical profile
measurements
• Mobile (ground based) surveys
• In situ airborne GHG mole fraction observations
• Mass Balance Analysis
• Discrete flask sampling
• Isotope, correlate tracer and tracer:tracer analysis
• Eddy covariance flux observations
• Ground-based remote sensing for urban monitoring
• Dense networks
• Choice of background
• Meteorological observations for urban greenhouse gas analysis
• Satellite observations
Data Assimilation Systems
• Meteorological inputs needed for urban monitoring systems
• Forward modelling for passive tracers
• Calculation of atmospheric footprints needed for urban modelling
• Use of inverse modelling methods for urban monitoring
Data management, archiving and distribution
Direct Observational Methods
17. GNS Science
Report format
Introduction
Main Document
One page for each technique
Brief description of the technique and appropriate applications
Considerations – Challenges - Ongoing Research
Intended to provide framework for evaluation of research plans
Annexes
Detailed information on each technique
Can be used to learn and apply particular methods
Includes references to scientific literature
Intended for practitioners
18. GNS Science
Process of creating and updating the Urban Guidelines
June 2020
Online
Workshop
Towards an International
standard for Urban GHG
Monitoring and
assessment
Lead authors assigned to
each section
Discussion of content and
initial drafting
2023-2024
Development
of updated
and revised
document
Update and revision every ~two years
Documentary standards for operational use
Jul 2020 – Sep
2021
Drafting
Oct 2021 – April
2022
Public comment
and response
Additional Sections
and authors added
June 2022
Launch of 1st
IG3IS Guidelines
Modelled on the GGMT Greenhouse Gas
Measurement Techniques document
This is a community effort
We need your contributions now and in the future
ig3is.wmo.int
Application to targeted mitigation
19. GNS Science
IG3IS Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas Information System
World Meteorological Organization programme
National: Provide
information to inventory
builders in support of their
efforts to reduce
uncertainty of national
emission inventory
reporting to United Nations
Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Combines atmospheric GHG observations with human-activity data in a modeling and analysis framework to help decision-makers
take better-informed action to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants that reduce air quality.
Cities: Support subnational
government entities such as cities
and states that represent large
greenhouse gas (GHG) source
regions (e.g., megacities) with
actionable information on their
GHG emissions at the needed
spatial, temporal and sectoral
resolution to evaluate and guide
progress towards emission
reduction goals
Global stocktake:
Support the Paris Agreement’s
global stock take as governments
and the UNFCCC define their
requirements.
Industry: Provide
information to industry and
private sector businesses
that will help locate and
quantify previously
unknown emission
reduction opportunities
such as fugitive methane
emissions from industrial
sources
IG3IS Guidelines for National-scale emissions
observations and monitoring are being developed for
release in 2023.
Lead authors: Rona Thompson– Alistair Manning –
Sander Houweling – Daniel Zavala-Araiza
20. GNS Science
IG3IS – bridging greenhouse gas science and policy
ig3is.wmo.int
j.turnbull@gns.cri.nz