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Turf and Water
- 1. TURF AND WATER KAREN PANTER EXTENSION HORTICULTURE SPECIALIST Department of Plant Sciences University of Wyoming
- 2. LAWNS IN THE U.S. • Home lawns cover an estimated 21 million acres • The average lawn is 1/3 acre • Cool the landscape • Provide oxygen • Anchor soil against wind and water erosion • Provide safe surface for play and recreation • Offers variety in the landscape
- 8. LOW MAINTENANCE? Many people already • Mow sporadically • Fertilize little • Irrigate but not regularly • Little effort=little return
- 11. Comparison of High, Moderate, and Low Input Lawns High Input Moderate Input Low Input Wear tolerance Best Good Limited Appearance Best Good Limited Water High Moderate Limited Exposure Sun Sun to part shade Sun Fertilization Spring and fall Primarily fall Fall Species • Select KY bluegrass (KBG) cultivars • Perennial rye • Turf-type tall fescue • Select KBG cultivars • Turf-type tall fescue • Buffalo grass (lower elevations in WY) • Select KBG cultivars • Blue grama • Buffalo
- 12. Comparative season water requirement (including summer rainfall and irrigation) for Kentucky Bluegrass, Tall Fescue and Buffalograss. The typical lawn receives twice the amount of irrigation required for high input KBG.
- 13. KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS NOTES • Bluegrass cultivars differ little in their water use rate • Drought resistance comes from the ability to form somewhat deeper roots than the other bluegrasses • Mow at 2-3 inches • Fertilize adequately • Irrigate deeply and less frequently • Cultivate (aerate) to alleviate soil compaction • Water absorbing gels are of no benefit
- 14. DROUGHT TOLERANT KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS CULTIVARS • America • Apollo • Baroness • Brilliant • Impact • Mallard • Midnight • Midnight II • Monlight • Rugby II • Showcase • Total Eclipse • Unique
- 15. TURF-TYPE TALL FESCUES • 3rd millenium SRP • AST 7002, 9001, 9002, 9003 • Biltmore • Bullseye • Cezanne • Compete • Darlington • Einstein • Escalade • Faith • Firecracker LS • Firenza • Gazelle II • Hudson • Hunter • Justice • Lindbergh • Magellan • Monet • Mustang 4 • Padre • Raptor II • Rembrandt • Renovate • Reunion • Rhambler SRP • Skyline • Speedway • Spyder LS • SR 8650 • Talladega • Tulsa Time • Turbo • Van Goh • Wolfpack II
- 16. FINE FESCUES • Chewing – Ambassador – Compass – Intrigue 2 – J-5 (Jamestown 5) – LaCrosse – Longfellow II – SR 5130 – Treasure II – Zodiac • Creeping – Aberdeen – Audubon – Cardinal – Class One – Epic – Fortitude (TL 53) – Garnet – Pathfinder – Shoreline – Wendy Jean
- 17. FINE FESCUES (CONT.) • Hard – Berkshire – Firefly – Gotham – Oxford – Predator – Reliant IV – Scaldis – Spartan II – SR 3000 • Sheep – Quatro
- 25. WATER SOURCE AND QUALITY ARE IMPORTANT • Municipal • Well • Surface • Gray • Salts • Pathogens • Nutrients • Bicarbonates
- 26. MUNICIPAL WATER • Typically decent quality • Dissolved salts may be problematic
- 27. WELL WATER • Depth is important • Dissolved minerals • Bicarbonates
- 28. SURFACE WATER • Particulates • Dissolved salts • Pathogens • Other
- 29. GRAY WATER • Typically not viable • Reuse of water from baths, showers, washing machines, sinks • Often contains bacteria and other potential pathogens • Thus is a public health issue, not a water conservation strategy • May be regulated
- 30. GRAY WATER CONTENTS • If it comes from baths, showers, washing machines, sinks – Potential bacteria, other pathogens – Soaps – Shampoos – Conditioners – Bleaches – Fabric softeners – Oils and greases
- 31. GRAY WATER IN WYOMING • Wyoming Gray Water • WY allows for aerated irrigation using gray water – But must be NO risk of contact with • Humans • Animals • Edible crops (particularly by spray) • Not to be confused with black water – Toilet discharge
- 32. General guidelines for salinity hazard of irrigation water based upon conductivity. Limitations for use Electrical conductivity (dS/m)* None ≤0.75 Some 0.76 – 1.5 Moderate1 1.51-3.00 Severe2 ≥3.00 *dS/m at 25°C = mmhos/cm 1Leaching required at higher range 2Good drainage needed and sensitive plants may have difficulty at germination
- 33. pH: 7.8 pH is High. pH 6 to 7.2 is the preferred pH range for growth of most plants, but most plants tolerate this higher pH with little problem. Electrical Conductivity or Salts: 3.0 Slightly saline (E.C. = 2 to 4): salt sensitive plants can be affected. (e.g. carrot, green bean, onion, pea, radish, raspberry, strawberry). Avoid adding manure or animal-based compost since these often contain high levels of salt and will make the salinity problem worse. Leaching is the only practical way to remove excess salts. Add 6 inches of high-quality water (low in salts) to leach about 1/2 of the salt and lower soil E.C. to less than 2.0. Lime: Very High Very High: Lime is greater than 5%. Plants can still grow quite well in soil with this lime content. Texture Estimate: Sandy Clay Loam This soil may drain at a low to very low rate. Watering schedules may have to be increased to allow for better water infiltration into the soil profile. Sodium Absorption Ratio: 3.8 Low: Sodium is not a problem. Organic Material: 5.6 Organic Matter is High; no additional OM e.g. compost is needed. You don't need to build up the OM content of this soil beyond existing levels, but rather focus on protecting and replenishing the OM content e.g.by using organic mulch. Also consider a fall-planted cover crop to be used as a green manure. Nitrate: 21 N is low: Apply 0.2 lb N/100 sq ft to the soil. For each 0.1 lb of N needed, apply about 1/4 lb urea, or 1/2 lb ammonium sulfate, or 3/4 lb bloodmeal, or 1 lb corn gluten meal, or 5 lb alfalfa meal pellets per 100 sq.ft. Other mmhos/cm ppm Plant Type: Vegetable Garden State: WY Zip: 82070 Email Address: sheilabirdfarms@gmail.com Client Type: Homeowner Date Rcvd: 5/10/2013 Test Performed By: JS TD TCP Current Plant Type: Vegetable Garden Proposed Plant Type: Vegetable Garden County: Albany Current Irrigation: irrigation water Current Amendments: - Date Tested: 5/20/2013 % SOIL TEST 2013 VEGETABLE GROWER WYOMING
- 34. soil beyond existing levels, but rather focus on protecting and replenishing the OM content e.g.by using organic mulch. Also consider a fall-planted cover crop to be used as a green manure. Nitrate: 21 N is low: Apply 0.2 lb N/100 sq ft to the soil. For each 0.1 lb of N needed, apply about 1/4 lb urea, or 1/2 lb ammonium sulfate, or 3/4 lb bloodmeal, or 1 lb corn gluten meal, or 5 lb alfalfa meal pellets per 100 sq.ft. Other fertilizers can be used as well. Check with your local garden center or home improvement store to determine what ppm fertilizers are available in your area. When calculating fertilizer rates take the amount of N needed and divide by the % N in the fertilizer. For example, if your fertilizer contains 30% N, take 0.20 lbs (N needed) divided by 0.30 (N in the fertilizer) to get 0.7 lb of the 30% N fertilizer that is needed to apply per 100 sq.ft. For rates per 1000 sq. ft multiply the quantities by 10. Phosphorus: 56 Phosphorus is High; No additional Phosphorus is needed. Potassium: 818.5 Potassium is High; No additional K20 is needed. Zinc: 3.1 Zinc is Adequate; No additional Zn is needed. Iron: 3.4 Iron is Low; Add 4 oz. of Iron (Fe) per 1000 sq.ft. as iron chelate. Manganese: 2.1 Manganese is Adequate; No additional Mn is needed. Copper: 1.1 Copper is Adequate; No additional Cu is needed. Boron: 0.22 Boron is High. No additional boron is needed. Additional Comments: More information on landscaping and gardening can be found at www.ext.colostate.edu Be sure to check out our website at www.soiltestinglab.colostate.edu for a list of garden centers where you can find a variety of fertilizers and soil amendments. ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm Gypsum is NOT Needed. Gypsum:
- 35. WATER REPORT #1 2013 SAME GROWER
- 36. WATER REPORT #2 SAME GROWER
- 37. BOTTOM LINE What do you suppose we recommended?