Malcolm Peart, profile picture
Uploaded byMalcolm Peart
PDF, PPTX303 views

Tunnelling process for Safety in design and construction

The document outlines the essential processes and management strategies for safe tunneling operations, emphasizing the importance of planning, monitoring, and controlling various parameters such as face pressure and ground conditions. It discusses the design input and output requirements, risk assessments, building condition surveys, and instrumentation needed to minimize settlement impacts on existing infrastructure. Overall, it highlights the critical role of thorough geological and geotechnical investigations, systematic monitoring, and contingency planning in ensuring successful tunneling projects.

Embed presentation

Download as PDF, PPTX
SAFE TUNNELLING It’s All About Process
Management Processes Demming Cycle - PDCA Plan – Execute – Monitor/Control - Adjust Inputs – Process(es) – Output
IDENTIFY & DESIGN PROTECTION WORKS GEOLOGICAL -GEOTECHNICAL MODEL SITE INVESTIGATIONS (All previous data, desk study, other project data.) BUILDING RISK ASSESSMENTS & PROTECTION PLANS. Allowable Limits of Deformation ALIGNMENT OF RAIL TRACK & STATION LOCATION INSTRUMENTATION DESIGN SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS Ground loss, shield loss, tailskin loss, sensitivity TBM OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS & RANGE -Face Pressure, grout pressure/volume SURVEYS FOR UTILITIES, ID NATURE OF MATERIAL & ALLOWABLE LIMITS OF DEFORMATION GEOLOGICAL PROFILE & GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS SITE INVESTIGATIONS Supplementary & Instrumentation Installation BUILDING CONDITION SURVEYS, STRUCTURAL SURVEYS, Confirm Extent and magnitude of settlement, correctness of face pressure Confirm /Reassess Geological profile and face pressures required to ensure settlements controlled. Confirm or Revise Building protection Works as required. Revise risk assessment MONITORING TBM Parameters Face Pressure Grout Volume & Pressure Muck Volume Thrust, torque & Advance Speed Instrumentation Drilling Data against geological profile Planned against actual settlement Monitoring of Treated Areas Immediate Actions Reading Frequency Accuracy checks Visual Inspections of surface/buildings SAFE TUNNELLING Controlled settlement, minimal impact on infrastructure, optimised face pressures, controlled progress CONSTRUCTION Tunnelling TBM Operation Face pressure, Grouting Volume & Pressure Muck Volume Thrust Torque Speed of Advance Steering / Survey Control Lining Erection Build Quality / Repars Alignment Ground Treatment Drilling Grouting Verification Immediate Actions Alarm Plans Standard Operating Procedures Emergency Plans DESIGN OF TUNNELADVANCE Horizontal & Vertical Alignment - deeper tunnels have greater pressures, tight curves may require tapered rings Geotechnical Interpretation - possible geological hazards, mixed face conditions, geological boundaries Face Pressures - control of face pressure to avoid stress relaxation & overexcavation Weights / Volumes - assessment of weight based on range of in-situ density, assess likely use of soil conditioning Instrument Plan - types & distribution of instruments based on predicted settlements and location of buildings, frequency of reading Settlement Contours & Settlement Limits - assessment of extent of predicted settlement, allows a check to be carried out during construction Required Consolidation Works - building protection worked to prevent any adverse effects due to settlement. High Risk Areas, Structures & utilities- indicated on drawings to advise of additional care/reporting Anticipated Anomalies & Actions - Loss of face pressure, additional grout, overexcavation Probing - predicted geology, tates of penetration TUNNEL MANAGEMENT PROCESS DESIGN INPUT DESIGN PROCESS DESIGN OUTPUT CONSTRUCTION INPUT CONSTRUCTION PROCESS CONSTRUCTION OUTPUT Input 'field data' &/or correction factors into design TBM - GROUND INTERACTION Compliance with settlement limits Compliance with Face Pressure & Grout requirements Compliance with alignment DAILY/WEEKLY BASISREVIEW OF DATA TBM Design Segment Design/Lining ALIGNMENT VALIDATION - Wriggle survey ALIGNMENTVERIFICATION - Track Work Validation CONFIRM ALIGNMENT - Design modifiaction may be necessary, signalling, route restrictions.
Basic Inputs – Purpose of the Tunnel GEOLOGICAL -GEOTECHNICAL MODEL SITE INVESTIGATIONS (All previous data, desk study, other project data.) ALIGNMENT OF RAIL TRACK & STATION LOCATION DESIGNINPUT
Purpose and Alignment -(Why and Where)  Tunnel – pedestrian, road, rail, metro, sewer, water, utilities, drainage, hydropower, gas/oil storage, district cooling/heating, ventilation, military installations  Alignment – proximity to existing infrastructure, land take, access, cover, future development
Ground Conditions  Geological Survey – regional geology, pre-existing tunnels, foundations, local knowledge, site investigations, desk studies, topographical maps, aerial photographs, literature searches  Engineering geological considerations  Geotechnical engineering aspects  Previous Tunnelling Experience
Design Process – Holistic & Integrated IDENTIFY &DESIGN PROTECTION WORKS BUILDING RISK ASSESSMENTS & PROTECTION PLANS. Allowable Limits of Deformation INSTRUMENTATION DESIGN SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS Ground loss, shield loss, tailskin loss, sensitivity TBM OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS & RANGE -Face Pressure, grout pressure/volume SURVEYS FORUTILITIES, IDNATURE OFMATERIAL & ALLOWABLE LIMITS OFDEFORMATION GEOLOGICAL PROFILE &GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS SITE INVESTIGATIONS Supplementary &Instrumentation Installation BUILDING CONDITION SURVEYS, STRUCTURAL SURVEYS, DESIGNPROCESS TBMDesign Segment Design/Lining
Existing Infrastructure – Future Development  Building Condition Surveys  Utility Surveys  Building Risk Assessments  Allowable Settlement / Tolerable Settlement  Protection Works – ground treatment, underpinning, future provision works  Planning permission
Ground Conditions - Facts  Site Investigations (before, during and possibly after)  All too often BHs, followed by profiling followed by lab tests etc. & which proves to be ‘inadequate’  Proper planning and hazard ID – parameters for design and distribution, geological profile, info for construction (abrasion, swelling ground, mineralogy, GWater chemistry, gas) sampling required, lab tests, in-situ measurements (Ko), SI techniques (geophysics/BH/Pits/In-situ tests, spatial distribution/frequency of boring/depth. Rock structure/rockhead/geological interfaces  Cost benefit – skilled persons can often provide more value than an expensive in-situ test
Extent / Cost of Investigation
“You paY for Your site investigation whether you have one or not”.
Site Investigation: It isn’t over till it’s over  If there is a problem then the site investigations may continue with a ‘forensic’ stage and related official enquiry…
Ground Conditions - Interpretation  Geotechnical Interpretative Report  Design parameters, construction considerations, a prediction  Strength, Permeability, Deformability, Distribution, Variability,  Abrasivity, Hazards (voids, boulders, faults, geological hazards, interfaces, stresses, water inflows)  Soil – Weak Rock – Hard rock
“GBR”  Geotechnical Baseline Report for the settlement of disputes as to what is and what is not foreseeable and what the Contractor takes on as risk, and what the Employer takes on.  What the Contract says about the ground and how ‘varied ground’ is paid for
eg Abrasion
Tunnelling Method / Selection  Type of tunnel and tunnel size  Ground Conditions  Contractor experience / preference  Risk perception  Tunnel length  Time available
Conventional – NATM – Hand - D&B
EPBM
Open Shield
Slurry Machine
Lining Design –  Temporary / Permanent  Two Pass system  One pass system  Segment design
Settlement / Ground Movement  Expected deformation  Iteration with existing infrastructure  Determines type and extent of any ground treatment
Instrumentation  Based on settlement  Building sensitivity  Utility sensitivity  “Trigger levels’ and what must be done if levels are breached; resetting levels is NOT recommended (Nicoll Highway)
Tunnel Parameters  Depends on type of tunnel  NATM – partial headings and type of ground support  EPBM – face pressure, weight of ground, hazards, grout pressure  Protocol to Advance a Tunnel – PAT  Contingencies if parameters cannot be controlled or are exceeded (Void Mitigation Plan)
…and coordination, iteration IDENTIFY & DESIGN PROTECTION WORKS BUILDING RISK ASSESSMENTS & PROTECTION PLANS. Allowable Limits of Deformation INSTRUMENTATION DESIGN SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS Ground loss, shield loss, tailskin loss, sensitivity TBM OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS & RANGE -Face Pressure, grout pressure/volume SURVEYS FOR UTILITIES, ID NATURE OF MATERIAL & ALLOWABLE LIMITS OF DEFORMATION GEOLOGICAL PROFILE & GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS SITE INVESTIGATIONS Supplementary & Instrumentation Installation BUILDING CONDITION SURVEYS, STRUCTURAL SURVEYS, DESIGN PROCESS TBM Design SegmentDesign
Design to Construction DESIGN OUTPUT CONSTRUCTION INPUT
Tunnel Advance – Design to Execution DESIGN OF TUNNELADVANCE Horizontal & Vertical Alignment - deeper tunnels have greater pressures, tight curves may require tapered rings Geotechnical Interpretation - possible geological hazards, mixed face conditions, geological boundaries Face Pressures - control of face pressure to avoid stress relaxation & overexcavation Weights / Volumes - assessment of weight based on range of in-situ density, assess likely use of soil conditioning Instrument Plan - types & distribution of instruments based on predicted settlements and location of buildings, frequency of reading Settlement Contours & Settlement Limits - assessment of extent of predicted settlement, allows a check to be carried out during construction Required ConsolidationWorks - building protection worked to prevent any adverse effects due to settlement. High Risk Areas, Structures & utilities- indicated on drawings to advise of additional care/reporting Anticipated Anomalies & Actions - Loss of face pressure, additional grout, overexcavation Probing - predicted geology, tates of penetration
Horizontal & Vertical Alignment  deeper tunnels have greater pressures  tight curves may require tapered rings  Articulated machines
Geotechnical Interpretation -  Getting the stratigraphy, structure and distribution right.  geological boundaries  mixed face conditions  possible geological hazards
Face Pressures  Control of face pressure to avoid stress relaxation & over- excavation  Earth pressure  Compressed air / interventions
Weights / Volumes  - assessment of weight based on range of in-situ density, assess likely use of soil conditioning  Bulking factors  Measurement methods (balances, optical scanner, density, ‘muck skips’)
Settlement Contours & Settlement Limits  Assessment of extent of predicted settlement, allows a check to be carried out during construction
Instruments & Instrumentation Plan  Types & distribution of instruments based on predicted settlements and location of buildings, frequency of readings  Settlements points, prisms, targets  Inclinometers, extensometers  Piezometers  Automated monitoring / Real Time / Automated Communications
Required Consolidation / Treatment Works  building protection worked to prevent any adverse effects due to settlement.  Compensation grouting  Underpinning  Spiling rods / forepoling / canopy tubes
Specialist Works
High Risk Areas, Structures & Utilities-  Indicated on drawings to advise of additional care/reporting  Third Party involvement (step in rights)
Combined view of buildings, geology, tunnel, investigation points
Probing / Looking ahead predicted geology, rates of penetration Difficult ground / proximity to interfaces Geophysical techniques (EM, seismic)
Anticipated Anomalies & Actions Unexpected Conditions & Actions Contingencies, Emergency Plan  Loss of face pressure, additional grout, overexcavation  Surface settlement, chimneys, ground loss  Collapse
More Ground Investigation?
Construction CONSTRUCTION Tunnelling TBM Operation Face pressure, Grouting Volume & Pressure Muck Volume Thrust Torque Speed of Advance Steering / Survey Control Lining Erection Build Quality / Repars Alignment Ground Treatment Drilling Grouting Verification Immediate Actions Alarm Plans Standard Operating Procedures
Monitoring (Can’t manage/control what you don’t measure) MONITORING TBM Parameters Face Pressure Grout Volume & Pressure Muck Volume Thrust, torque & Advance Speed Instrumentation Drilling Data against geological profile Planned against actual settlement Monitoring of Treated Areas Immediate Actions Reading Frequency Accuracy checks Visual Inspections of surface/buildings
Records of Tunnelling  Tunnel parameters that must be controlled to ensure minimum impact on the ground and existing infrastructure.
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 19:09:06 19:25:46 19:42:26 19:59:06 20:15:46 20:32:26 20:49:06 21:05:46 21:22:26 Bulkheadpressures(bar) 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 29.11.2001 29.11.2001 29.11.2001 29.11.2001 29.11.2001 29.11.2001 29.11.2001 29.11.2001 29.11.2001 Bulkheadpressures(bar) W0159 W0160 W0161 W0162 W0163 W0164 W0165
CONTROL OF THE GROUTING VOLUMES 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 334 338 342 346 350 354 358 362 366 370 374 378 382 386 390 394 398 402 406 410 414 418 422 426 430 434 438 442 446 450 454 458 462 466 470 474 478 482 486 490 494 498 502 506 510 514 518 522 526 530 Grouted ring number Secondarygroutvolume(m3) -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 334 338 342 346 350 354 358 362 366 370 374 378 382 386 390 394 398 402 406 410 414 418 422 426 430 434 438 442 446 450 454 458 462 466 470 474 478 482 486 490 494 498 502 506 510 514 518 522 526 530 Longitudinalgroutvolume(m3) Secondary grout volume Longitudinal grout volume lower limit NOTE: the lower limit is defined in the "Folha da Escavaçâo".
MANAGEMENT OF FACE SUPPORT PRESSURES DURING THE ADVANCE 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 336 340 344 348 352 356 360 364 368 372 376 380 384 388 392 396 400 404 408 412 416 420 424 428 432 436 440 444 448 452 456 460 464 468 472 476 480 484 488 492 496 500 504 508 512 516 520 524 528 532 Mounted ring number P7averagepressures(bar) 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 631,6 637,2 642,8 648,4 654,0 659,6 665,2 670,8 676,4 682,0 687,6 693,2 698,8 704,4 710,0 715,6 721,2 726,8 732,4 738,0 743,6 749,2 754,8 760,4 766,0 771,6 777,2 782,8 788,4 794,0 799,6 805,2 810,8 816,4 822,0 827,6 833,2 838,8 844,4 850,0 855,6 861,2 866,8 872,4 878,0 883,6 889,2 894,8 900,4 906,0 Head chainage (m) P7averagepressures(bar) P7 average value upper limit lower limit NOTE: Lower and upper limits are the ones defined in the "Folha da Escavaçâo".
CONTROL OF THE EXCAVATED WEIGHTS 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 336 340 344 348 352 356 360 364 368 372 376 380 384 388 392 396 400 404 408 412 416 420 424 428 432 436 440 444 448 452 456 460 464 468 472 476 480 484 488 492 496 500 504 508 512 516 520 524 528 532 Mounted ring number Weight(t) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 631,6 637,2 642,8 648,4 654,0 659,6 665,2 670,8 676,4 682,0 687,6 693,2 698,8 704,4 710,0 715,6 721,2 726,8 732,4 738,0 743,6 749,2 754,8 760,4 766,0 771,6 777,2 782,8 788,4 794,0 799,6 805,2 810,8 816,4 822,0 827,6 833,2 838,8 844,4 850,0 855,6 861,2 866,8 872,4 878,0 883,6 889,2 894,8 900,4 906,0 Head chainage (m) Weight(t) Actual excavated weight upper limit lower limit NOTE: Lower and upper limits are defined using the in-situ densities after the face surveys.
Key Parameters  Pulse Blood pressure, temperature – NOT intensive care all the time  Too much data can result in analysis paralysis and prevent timely decisions from being made.  Keep your finger on the pulse!
Settlement – physical measurement of performance Settlement Profile across the Tunnel Section at GF1 Settlement Profile along the Tunnel Alingment -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 Settlement(mm) West Bound East Bound T ot alL1247 EB WB -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 -100-80-60-40-20020406080 Distance away from Tunnel face Maximumsettlement(mm) West bound East bound L1257 15 m
Purpose of Instrumentation  Confirm assumptions and apply a ‘field factor’ if required  Revisit building assessments and need for possible remediation works
Instrumentation & Monitoring  Instrumentation and Monitoring (I&M) does NOT stop risk  I&M allows risk to be seen  Murphy’s Law – “accidents tend to happen where there are no instruments”
Coordination & Collaboration SAFE TUNNELLING TBM - GROUND INTERACTION Compliance with settlementlimits Compliance with Face Pressure & Grout requirements Compliance with alignment DAILY/WEEKLY BASISREVIEW OF DATA
Construction Performance Reviews Shift Engineer Monitoring Team for each area Site Engineers Design Staff Construction Manager KTRC/C3C ? Handover Meeting Daily Monitoring data collation Review data & prepare Tunnel/Excavation Performance Meeting Issue Agreed Record Issue Weekly Review Report Internal Coordination Meeting Project Manager's Review Meeting Tunnel / Excavation Construction Review Process D A I L Y W E E K L Y Information Information Information Information Information Information Review and identify actions if required M O N T H L Y
Breaches of Limits – Escalation process  Red Amber Green  Green - Business as usual. Operating within expected norms and no impact on outside world.  Amber – working outside of anticipated norms and potential for adverse effects – tunnel teams and implementation of remedial works on ‘alert’ and standing by. Increased vigilance, scenarios reviewed and plans revised based on situation,  Red – adverse effects likely, Action plans implemented; stop tunnelling and implement plans formulated during amber.
Feedback Loops Alignment – ensure the tunnel is in the correct place and take necessary actions Monitoring and actual performance against design assumptions Change design if required / if possible: ➢opportunities in better ground, ➢ increased risk in poorer ground or sub-optimal equipment selection and workarounds required Changes in ground and possible claims against any contractual baseline
Construction Output SAFE TUNNELLING Controlled settlement, minimal impact on infrastructure, optimised face pressures, controlled progress
IDENTIFY & DESIGN PROTECTION WORKS GEOLOGICAL -GEOTECHNICAL MODEL SITE INVESTIGATIONS (All previous data, desk study, other project data.) BUILDING RISK ASSESSMENTS & PROTECTION PLANS. Allowable Limits of Deformation ALIGNMENT OF RAIL TRACK & STATION LOCATION INSTRUMENTATION DESIGN SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS Ground loss, shield loss, tailskin loss, sensitivity TBM OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS & RANGE -Face Pressure, grout pressure/volume SURVEYS FOR UTILITIES, ID NATURE OF MATERIAL & ALLOWABLE LIMITS OF DEFORMATION GEOLOGICAL PROFILE & GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS SITE INVESTIGATIONS Supplementary & Instrumentation Installation BUILDING CONDITION SURVEYS, STRUCTURAL SURVEYS, Confirm Extent and magnitude of settlement, correctness of face pressure Confirm /Reassess Geological profile and face pressures required to ensure settlements controlled. Confirm or Revise Building protection Works as required. Revise risk assessment MONITORING TBM Parameters Face Pressure Grout Volume & Pressure Muck Volume Thrust, torque & Advance Speed Instrumentation Drilling Data against geological profile Planned against actual settlement Monitoring of Treated Areas Immediate Actions Reading Frequency Accuracy checks Visual Inspections of surface/buildings SAFE TUNNELLING Controlled settlement, minimal impact on infrastructure, optimised face pressures, controlled progress CONSTRUCTION Tunnelling TBM Operation Face pressure, Grouting Volume & Pressure Muck Volume Thrust Torque Speed of Advance Steering / Survey Control Lining Erection Build Quality / Repars Alignment Ground Treatment Drilling Grouting Verification Immediate Actions Alarm Plans Standard Operating Procedures Emergency Plans DESIGN OF TUNNELADVANCE Horizontal & Vertical Alignment - deeper tunnels have greater pressures, tight curves may require tapered rings Geotechnical Interpretation - possible geological hazards, mixed face conditions, geological boundaries Face Pressures - control of face pressure to avoid stress relaxation & overexcavation Weights / Volumes - assessment of weight based on range of in-situ density, assess likely use of soil conditioning Instrument Plan - types & distribution of instruments based on predicted settlements and location of buildings, frequency of reading Settlement Contours & Settlement Limits - assessment of extent of predicted settlement, allows a check to be carried out during construction Required Consolidation Works - building protection worked to prevent any adverse effects due to settlement. High Risk Areas, Structures & utilities- indicated on drawings to advise of additional care/reporting Anticipated Anomalies & Actions - Loss of face pressure, additional grout, overexcavation Probing - predicted geology, tates of penetration TUNNEL MANAGEMENT PROCESS DESIGN INPUT DESIGN PROCESS DESIGN OUTPUT CONSTRUCTION INPUT CONSTRUCTION PROCESS CONSTRUCTION OUTPUT Input 'field data' &/or correction factors into design TBM - GROUND INTERACTION Compliance with settlement limits Compliance with Face Pressure & Grout requirements Compliance with alignment DAILY/WEEKLY BASISREVIEW OF DATA TBM Design Segment Design/Lining ALIGNMENT VALIDATION - Wriggle survey ALIGNMENTVERIFICATION - Track Work Validation CONFIRM ALIGNMENT - Design modifiaction may be necessary, signalling, route restrictions.
Holistic View  Many specialist areas contribute to the tunnel design  Many views and opinions  Many data sources  Lots of data available  Multiple stakeholders along the alignment and through the process  One error can be enough to be catastrophic!!
Tunnelling process for Safety in design and construction

More Related Content

DOCX
Lewis Phil - Resume 11-2015
byPhilip Lewis
 
PDF
Analysis of Foundation Failure in Concrete Structure
byIRJET Journal
 
PDF
Nrl
byNabajyoti Dey
 
DOC
Resume Rev 02 (1)
byZvi Eisenberg
 
DOC
RESUME-2 10-26-15
byNorman Neiman
 
PPTX
bs:copbs101
byAdiirfan Che-ani
 
PDF
CV-NKN-09.05.16
byNIRAJ K. NIRALA
 
PDF
CV Aryo W
byAryo Wityasmoro
 
Lewis Phil - Resume 11-2015
byPhilip Lewis
 
Analysis of Foundation Failure in Concrete Structure
byIRJET Journal
 
Nrl
byNabajyoti Dey
 
Resume Rev 02 (1)
byZvi Eisenberg
 
RESUME-2 10-26-15
byNorman Neiman
 
bs:copbs101
byAdiirfan Che-ani
 
CV-NKN-09.05.16
byNIRAJ K. NIRALA
 
CV Aryo W
byAryo Wityasmoro
 

Similar to Tunnelling process for Safety in design and construction

PDF
Safe Tunnellling - A Management Process
byMalcolm Peart
 
PPT
Underground construction Techniques civil final year seminar
byPavan Kumar N
 
PPTX
Underground construction
byAglaia Connect
 
PPTX
Underground construction
byPavan Kumar N
 
PPTX
Site Investigation for Tunneling_TTN.pptx
byTunTunNaing14
 
PPTX
UNDERGROUND-CONSTRUCTION civil engineeri
bynarayanan s
 
PPTX
UNDERGROUND-CONSTRUCTION.pptx
byIffalconQled
 
PPTX
Advanced tunnel borring machine.ppt
byabhishek kulkarni
 
PDF
Tunnels, types & importance
byProf. A.Balasubramanian
 
PPT
Lecture 6 p
byUniversity of Gondar
 
PPT
tunnelling scope, construction techniques and necessity
byShashank Gaurav
 
PPTX
PRACTICAL TRAINING PPT on hilly terain.pptx
byShivShankarRaturi
 
PPTX
CONVENTIONAL TUNNELLING.pptx
byDeepakKumar751819
 
PDF
Unit 5 Alignment of Tunnel in Civil .pdf
byMr. Kiran R. Patil, D. Y. Patil College of Engineering & Technology, Kolhapur, Maharastra, India
 
PPTX
IRTG ppt.pptx
byKumarShubham771183
 
PPTX
TUNNEL ENGINEERjjikskiikekiikskjejeieike
bysethulakshmig3
 
PDF
Conceptual and geometric design of tunnel and quantity estimation
byAtiqa khan
 
PDF
2022_03_ENG_Subsidence.pdf
byFONDAZIONE INT.LE CENTRO STUDI E RICERCHE-ONLUS (NGO)
 
PPTX
Tunneling
bySafdar Ali
 
PDF
Mechanized Tunnelling in Urban Areas 1st Edition Vittorio Guglielmetti
byvbbtfzgy603
 
Safe Tunnellling - A Management Process
byMalcolm Peart
 
Underground construction Techniques civil final year seminar
byPavan Kumar N
 
Underground construction
byAglaia Connect
 
Underground construction
byPavan Kumar N
 
Site Investigation for Tunneling_TTN.pptx
byTunTunNaing14
 
UNDERGROUND-CONSTRUCTION civil engineeri
bynarayanan s
 
UNDERGROUND-CONSTRUCTION.pptx
byIffalconQled
 
Advanced tunnel borring machine.ppt
byabhishek kulkarni
 
Tunnels, types & importance
byProf. A.Balasubramanian
 
Lecture 6 p
byUniversity of Gondar
 
tunnelling scope, construction techniques and necessity
byShashank Gaurav
 
PRACTICAL TRAINING PPT on hilly terain.pptx
byShivShankarRaturi
 
CONVENTIONAL TUNNELLING.pptx
byDeepakKumar751819
 
Unit 5 Alignment of Tunnel in Civil .pdf
byMr. Kiran R. Patil, D. Y. Patil College of Engineering & Technology, Kolhapur, Maharastra, India
 
IRTG ppt.pptx
byKumarShubham771183
 
TUNNEL ENGINEERjjikskiikekiikskjejeieike
bysethulakshmig3
 
Conceptual and geometric design of tunnel and quantity estimation
byAtiqa khan
 
2022_03_ENG_Subsidence.pdf
byFONDAZIONE INT.LE CENTRO STUDI E RICERCHE-ONLUS (NGO)
 
Tunneling
bySafdar Ali
 
Mechanized Tunnelling in Urban Areas 1st Edition Vittorio Guglielmetti
byvbbtfzgy603
 

More from Malcolm Peart

PDF
Micromanagement.pdf
byMalcolm Peart
 
PDF
Decisions- a flow approach
byMalcolm Peart
 
PDF
Problem solving decisions
byMalcolm Peart
 
PPTX
Troubled projects recovery
byMalcolm Peart
 
PPTX
Project planning
byMalcolm Peart
 
DOC
Four disciplines of execution notes
byMalcolm Peart
 
DOC
Pmi processes pmbok6 jan 2019
byMalcolm Peart
 
PPT
Letter writing
byMalcolm Peart
 
DOC
Leadership essay peart
byMalcolm Peart
 
PPT
Letter writing
byMalcolm Peart
 
PPTX
Project management stakeholder feb 2018
byMalcolm Peart
 
DOC
PMI four reasons for failure
byMalcolm Peart
 
DOC
E mail protocol 020807
byMalcolm Peart
 
PDF
Eternal triangle - PM Areas, Risk & influence
byMalcolm Peart
 
PDF
Passing blame & evading responsibility
byMalcolm Peart
 
DOC
Letter writing
byMalcolm Peart
 
PDF
Failing projects downward spiral
byMalcolm Peart
 
PPT
Risk management - A short course
byMalcolm Peart
 
PPT
Report Writing - A Project Management Perspective
byMalcolm Peart
 
DOC
Claim aide memoire
byMalcolm Peart
 
Micromanagement.pdf
byMalcolm Peart
 
Decisions- a flow approach
byMalcolm Peart
 
Problem solving decisions
byMalcolm Peart
 
Troubled projects recovery
byMalcolm Peart
 
Project planning
byMalcolm Peart
 
Four disciplines of execution notes
byMalcolm Peart
 
Pmi processes pmbok6 jan 2019
byMalcolm Peart
 
Letter writing
byMalcolm Peart
 
Leadership essay peart
byMalcolm Peart
 
Letter writing
byMalcolm Peart
 
Project management stakeholder feb 2018
byMalcolm Peart
 
PMI four reasons for failure
byMalcolm Peart
 
E mail protocol 020807
byMalcolm Peart
 
Eternal triangle - PM Areas, Risk & influence
byMalcolm Peart
 
Passing blame & evading responsibility
byMalcolm Peart
 
Letter writing
byMalcolm Peart
 
Failing projects downward spiral
byMalcolm Peart
 
Risk management - A short course
byMalcolm Peart
 
Report Writing - A Project Management Perspective
byMalcolm Peart
 
Claim aide memoire
byMalcolm Peart
 

Recently uploaded

PDF
Computer Graphics Fundamentals (v0p1) - DannyJiang
byDanny Jiang
 
PDF
JVM in the Age of AI: 2026 Edition - Deep Dive
byArtur Skowroński
 
PDF
Decision-Support-Systems-and-Decision-Making-Processes.pdf
byPatankarNikhil
 
PPTX
Distresses in Road Flexible pavement.pptx
byMahmoodKhalid11
 
PDF
Chemical Hazards at Workplace – Types, Properties & Exposure Routes, CORE-EHS
byCORE EHS
 
PPTX
ISO 13485.2016 Awareness's Training material
byPrakashSivan
 
PPTX
Electronics Device - EC25C01 - Semiconductor: Types, Conductivity,
byMathavan N
 
PDF
Soil Compressibility (Elastic Settlement).pdf
byMahmoodKhalid11
 
PPTX
We-Optimized-Everything-Except-Decision-Quality-Maintenance-MaintWiz.pptx
byMaintWiz Technologies Private Limited
 
PDF
comprehensive analysis of cross-chain bridges in the DeFi - Garima Singh
byGarima Singh
 
PDF
AI-Driven Multi-Agent System for QOS Optimization in 6g Industrial Networks
byijcncjournal019
 
PDF
A Newbie’s Journey: Hidden MySQL Pain Points That Vitess Quietly Solves
byIgor Donchovski
 
PDF
CME397 SURFACE ENGINEERING UNIT 2 FULL NOTES
bykarthi keyan
 
PDF
Manual de instalacion de notifire NFS320
byMarcoPolitoPerez
 
PPTX
The #1 Reason Your MRO Budget Exploded — And How Predictive Maintenance Fixes It
byMaintWiz Technologies Private Limited
 
PPTX
Lubrication Neglect Causes More Downtime Than AI Ever Will Why Maintenance Fu...
byMaintWiz Technologies Private Limited
 
PPTX
UNIT 2 - Electronics Device - EC25C01 - PN Junction Diodes
byMathavan N
 
PPTX
Basic Volume Mass Relationship and unit weight as function of volumetric wate...
byMahmoodKhalid11
 
PPTX
AI-Agents-Concepts-Applications-and-Types.pptx
bypalbalaram2018
 
PDF
Basic Thumb rule For switchgear Selection
byVimal Kr
 
Computer Graphics Fundamentals (v0p1) - DannyJiang
byDanny Jiang
 
JVM in the Age of AI: 2026 Edition - Deep Dive
byArtur Skowroński
 
Decision-Support-Systems-and-Decision-Making-Processes.pdf
byPatankarNikhil
 
Distresses in Road Flexible pavement.pptx
byMahmoodKhalid11
 
Chemical Hazards at Workplace – Types, Properties & Exposure Routes, CORE-EHS
byCORE EHS
 
ISO 13485.2016 Awareness's Training material
byPrakashSivan
 
Electronics Device - EC25C01 - Semiconductor: Types, Conductivity,
byMathavan N
 
Soil Compressibility (Elastic Settlement).pdf
byMahmoodKhalid11
 
We-Optimized-Everything-Except-Decision-Quality-Maintenance-MaintWiz.pptx
byMaintWiz Technologies Private Limited
 
comprehensive analysis of cross-chain bridges in the DeFi - Garima Singh
byGarima Singh
 
AI-Driven Multi-Agent System for QOS Optimization in 6g Industrial Networks
byijcncjournal019
 
A Newbie’s Journey: Hidden MySQL Pain Points That Vitess Quietly Solves
byIgor Donchovski
 
CME397 SURFACE ENGINEERING UNIT 2 FULL NOTES
bykarthi keyan
 
Manual de instalacion de notifire NFS320
byMarcoPolitoPerez
 
The #1 Reason Your MRO Budget Exploded — And How Predictive Maintenance Fixes It
byMaintWiz Technologies Private Limited
 
Lubrication Neglect Causes More Downtime Than AI Ever Will Why Maintenance Fu...
byMaintWiz Technologies Private Limited
 
UNIT 2 - Electronics Device - EC25C01 - PN Junction Diodes
byMathavan N
 
Basic Volume Mass Relationship and unit weight as function of volumetric wate...
byMahmoodKhalid11
 
AI-Agents-Concepts-Applications-and-Types.pptx
bypalbalaram2018
 
Basic Thumb rule For switchgear Selection
byVimal Kr
 

Tunnelling process for Safety in design and construction

  • 1.
  • 2.
    Management Processes Demming Cycle- PDCA Plan – Execute – Monitor/Control - Adjust Inputs – Process(es) – Output
  • 3.
    IDENTIFY & DESIGN PROTECTIONWORKS GEOLOGICAL -GEOTECHNICAL MODEL SITE INVESTIGATIONS (All previous data, desk study, other project data.) BUILDING RISK ASSESSMENTS & PROTECTION PLANS. Allowable Limits of Deformation ALIGNMENT OF RAIL TRACK & STATION LOCATION INSTRUMENTATION DESIGN SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS Ground loss, shield loss, tailskin loss, sensitivity TBM OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS & RANGE -Face Pressure, grout pressure/volume SURVEYS FOR UTILITIES, ID NATURE OF MATERIAL & ALLOWABLE LIMITS OF DEFORMATION GEOLOGICAL PROFILE & GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS SITE INVESTIGATIONS Supplementary & Instrumentation Installation BUILDING CONDITION SURVEYS, STRUCTURAL SURVEYS, Confirm Extent and magnitude of settlement, correctness of face pressure Confirm /Reassess Geological profile and face pressures required to ensure settlements controlled. Confirm or Revise Building protection Works as required. Revise risk assessment MONITORING TBM Parameters Face Pressure Grout Volume & Pressure Muck Volume Thrust, torque & Advance Speed Instrumentation Drilling Data against geological profile Planned against actual settlement Monitoring of Treated Areas Immediate Actions Reading Frequency Accuracy checks Visual Inspections of surface/buildings SAFE TUNNELLING Controlled settlement, minimal impact on infrastructure, optimised face pressures, controlled progress CONSTRUCTION Tunnelling TBM Operation Face pressure, Grouting Volume & Pressure Muck Volume Thrust Torque Speed of Advance Steering / Survey Control Lining Erection Build Quality / Repars Alignment Ground Treatment Drilling Grouting Verification Immediate Actions Alarm Plans Standard Operating Procedures Emergency Plans DESIGN OF TUNNELADVANCE Horizontal & Vertical Alignment - deeper tunnels have greater pressures, tight curves may require tapered rings Geotechnical Interpretation - possible geological hazards, mixed face conditions, geological boundaries Face Pressures - control of face pressure to avoid stress relaxation & overexcavation Weights / Volumes - assessment of weight based on range of in-situ density, assess likely use of soil conditioning Instrument Plan - types & distribution of instruments based on predicted settlements and location of buildings, frequency of reading Settlement Contours & Settlement Limits - assessment of extent of predicted settlement, allows a check to be carried out during construction Required Consolidation Works - building protection worked to prevent any adverse effects due to settlement. High Risk Areas, Structures & utilities- indicated on drawings to advise of additional care/reporting Anticipated Anomalies & Actions - Loss of face pressure, additional grout, overexcavation Probing - predicted geology, tates of penetration TUNNEL MANAGEMENT PROCESS DESIGN INPUT DESIGN PROCESS DESIGN OUTPUT CONSTRUCTION INPUT CONSTRUCTION PROCESS CONSTRUCTION OUTPUT Input 'field data' &/or correction factors into design TBM - GROUND INTERACTION Compliance with settlement limits Compliance with Face Pressure & Grout requirements Compliance with alignment DAILY/WEEKLY BASISREVIEW OF DATA TBM Design Segment Design/Lining ALIGNMENT VALIDATION - Wriggle survey ALIGNMENTVERIFICATION - Track Work Validation CONFIRM ALIGNMENT - Design modifiaction may be necessary, signalling, route restrictions.
  • 4.
    Basic Inputs –Purpose of the Tunnel GEOLOGICAL -GEOTECHNICAL MODEL SITE INVESTIGATIONS (All previous data, desk study, other project data.) ALIGNMENT OF RAIL TRACK & STATION LOCATION DESIGNINPUT
  • 7.
    Purpose and Alignment-(Why and Where)  Tunnel – pedestrian, road, rail, metro, sewer, water, utilities, drainage, hydropower, gas/oil storage, district cooling/heating, ventilation, military installations  Alignment – proximity to existing infrastructure, land take, access, cover, future development
  • 8.
    Ground Conditions  GeologicalSurvey – regional geology, pre-existing tunnels, foundations, local knowledge, site investigations, desk studies, topographical maps, aerial photographs, literature searches  Engineering geological considerations  Geotechnical engineering aspects  Previous Tunnelling Experience
  • 9.
    Design Process –Holistic & Integrated IDENTIFY &DESIGN PROTECTION WORKS BUILDING RISK ASSESSMENTS & PROTECTION PLANS. Allowable Limits of Deformation INSTRUMENTATION DESIGN SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS Ground loss, shield loss, tailskin loss, sensitivity TBM OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS & RANGE -Face Pressure, grout pressure/volume SURVEYS FORUTILITIES, IDNATURE OFMATERIAL & ALLOWABLE LIMITS OFDEFORMATION GEOLOGICAL PROFILE &GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS SITE INVESTIGATIONS Supplementary &Instrumentation Installation BUILDING CONDITION SURVEYS, STRUCTURAL SURVEYS, DESIGNPROCESS TBMDesign Segment Design/Lining
  • 10.
    Existing Infrastructure –Future Development  Building Condition Surveys  Utility Surveys  Building Risk Assessments  Allowable Settlement / Tolerable Settlement  Protection Works – ground treatment, underpinning, future provision works  Planning permission
  • 11.
    Ground Conditions -Facts  Site Investigations (before, during and possibly after)  All too often BHs, followed by profiling followed by lab tests etc. & which proves to be ‘inadequate’  Proper planning and hazard ID – parameters for design and distribution, geological profile, info for construction (abrasion, swelling ground, mineralogy, GWater chemistry, gas) sampling required, lab tests, in-situ measurements (Ko), SI techniques (geophysics/BH/Pits/In-situ tests, spatial distribution/frequency of boring/depth. Rock structure/rockhead/geological interfaces  Cost benefit – skilled persons can often provide more value than an expensive in-situ test
  • 12.
    Extent / Costof Investigation
  • 14.
    “You paY forYour site investigation whether you have one or not”.
  • 17.
    Site Investigation: Itisn’t over till it’s over  If there is a problem then the site investigations may continue with a ‘forensic’ stage and related official enquiry…
  • 18.
    Ground Conditions -Interpretation  Geotechnical Interpretative Report  Design parameters, construction considerations, a prediction  Strength, Permeability, Deformability, Distribution, Variability,  Abrasivity, Hazards (voids, boulders, faults, geological hazards, interfaces, stresses, water inflows)  Soil – Weak Rock – Hard rock
  • 20.
    “GBR”  Geotechnical BaselineReport for the settlement of disputes as to what is and what is not foreseeable and what the Contractor takes on as risk, and what the Employer takes on.  What the Contract says about the ground and how ‘varied ground’ is paid for
  • 21.
  • 22.
    Tunnelling Method /Selection  Type of tunnel and tunnel size  Ground Conditions  Contractor experience / preference  Risk perception  Tunnel length  Time available
  • 23.
    Conventional – NATM– Hand - D&B
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
    Lining Design – Temporary / Permanent  Two Pass system  One pass system  Segment design
  • 28.
    Settlement / GroundMovement  Expected deformation  Iteration with existing infrastructure  Determines type and extent of any ground treatment
  • 31.
    Instrumentation  Based onsettlement  Building sensitivity  Utility sensitivity  “Trigger levels’ and what must be done if levels are breached; resetting levels is NOT recommended (Nicoll Highway)
  • 32.
    Tunnel Parameters  Dependson type of tunnel  NATM – partial headings and type of ground support  EPBM – face pressure, weight of ground, hazards, grout pressure  Protocol to Advance a Tunnel – PAT  Contingencies if parameters cannot be controlled or are exceeded (Void Mitigation Plan)
  • 33.
    …and coordination, iteration IDENTIFY& DESIGN PROTECTION WORKS BUILDING RISK ASSESSMENTS & PROTECTION PLANS. Allowable Limits of Deformation INSTRUMENTATION DESIGN SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS Ground loss, shield loss, tailskin loss, sensitivity TBM OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS & RANGE -Face Pressure, grout pressure/volume SURVEYS FOR UTILITIES, ID NATURE OF MATERIAL & ALLOWABLE LIMITS OF DEFORMATION GEOLOGICAL PROFILE & GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS SITE INVESTIGATIONS Supplementary & Instrumentation Installation BUILDING CONDITION SURVEYS, STRUCTURAL SURVEYS, DESIGN PROCESS TBM Design SegmentDesign
  • 34.
    Design to Construction DESIGNOUTPUT CONSTRUCTION INPUT
  • 35.
    Tunnel Advance –Design to Execution DESIGN OF TUNNELADVANCE Horizontal & Vertical Alignment - deeper tunnels have greater pressures, tight curves may require tapered rings Geotechnical Interpretation - possible geological hazards, mixed face conditions, geological boundaries Face Pressures - control of face pressure to avoid stress relaxation & overexcavation Weights / Volumes - assessment of weight based on range of in-situ density, assess likely use of soil conditioning Instrument Plan - types & distribution of instruments based on predicted settlements and location of buildings, frequency of reading Settlement Contours & Settlement Limits - assessment of extent of predicted settlement, allows a check to be carried out during construction Required ConsolidationWorks - building protection worked to prevent any adverse effects due to settlement. High Risk Areas, Structures & utilities- indicated on drawings to advise of additional care/reporting Anticipated Anomalies & Actions - Loss of face pressure, additional grout, overexcavation Probing - predicted geology, tates of penetration
  • 36.
    Horizontal & VerticalAlignment  deeper tunnels have greater pressures  tight curves may require tapered rings  Articulated machines
  • 37.
    Geotechnical Interpretation - Getting the stratigraphy, structure and distribution right.  geological boundaries  mixed face conditions  possible geological hazards
  • 38.
    Face Pressures  Controlof face pressure to avoid stress relaxation & over- excavation  Earth pressure  Compressed air / interventions
  • 40.
    Weights / Volumes - assessment of weight based on range of in-situ density, assess likely use of soil conditioning  Bulking factors  Measurement methods (balances, optical scanner, density, ‘muck skips’)
  • 41.
    Settlement Contours &Settlement Limits  Assessment of extent of predicted settlement, allows a check to be carried out during construction
  • 42.
    Instruments & InstrumentationPlan  Types & distribution of instruments based on predicted settlements and location of buildings, frequency of readings  Settlements points, prisms, targets  Inclinometers, extensometers  Piezometers  Automated monitoring / Real Time / Automated Communications
  • 43.
    Required Consolidation /Treatment Works  building protection worked to prevent any adverse effects due to settlement.  Compensation grouting  Underpinning  Spiling rods / forepoling / canopy tubes
  • 44.
  • 47.
    High Risk Areas,Structures & Utilities-  Indicated on drawings to advise of additional care/reporting  Third Party involvement (step in rights)
  • 48.
    Combined view ofbuildings, geology, tunnel, investigation points
  • 49.
    Probing / Lookingahead predicted geology, rates of penetration Difficult ground / proximity to interfaces Geophysical techniques (EM, seismic)
  • 50.
    Anticipated Anomalies &Actions Unexpected Conditions & Actions Contingencies, Emergency Plan  Loss of face pressure, additional grout, overexcavation  Surface settlement, chimneys, ground loss  Collapse
  • 51.
  • 52.
    Construction CONSTRUCTION Tunnelling TBM Operation Face pressure, GroutingVolume & Pressure Muck Volume Thrust Torque Speed of Advance Steering / Survey Control Lining Erection Build Quality / Repars Alignment Ground Treatment Drilling Grouting Verification Immediate Actions Alarm Plans Standard Operating Procedures
  • 55.
    Monitoring (Can’t manage/controlwhat you don’t measure) MONITORING TBM Parameters Face Pressure Grout Volume & Pressure Muck Volume Thrust, torque & Advance Speed Instrumentation Drilling Data against geological profile Planned against actual settlement Monitoring of Treated Areas Immediate Actions Reading Frequency Accuracy checks Visual Inspections of surface/buildings
  • 56.
    Records of Tunnelling Tunnel parameters that must be controlled to ensure minimum impact on the ground and existing infrastructure.
  • 58.
  • 59.
    CONTROL OF THEGROUTING VOLUMES 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 334 338 342 346 350 354 358 362 366 370 374 378 382 386 390 394 398 402 406 410 414 418 422 426 430 434 438 442 446 450 454 458 462 466 470 474 478 482 486 490 494 498 502 506 510 514 518 522 526 530 Grouted ring number Secondarygroutvolume(m3) -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 334 338 342 346 350 354 358 362 366 370 374 378 382 386 390 394 398 402 406 410 414 418 422 426 430 434 438 442 446 450 454 458 462 466 470 474 478 482 486 490 494 498 502 506 510 514 518 522 526 530 Longitudinalgroutvolume(m3) Secondary grout volume Longitudinal grout volume lower limit NOTE: the lower limit is defined in the "Folha da Escavaçâo".
  • 60.
    MANAGEMENT OF FACESUPPORT PRESSURES DURING THE ADVANCE 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 336 340 344 348 352 356 360 364 368 372 376 380 384 388 392 396 400 404 408 412 416 420 424 428 432 436 440 444 448 452 456 460 464 468 472 476 480 484 488 492 496 500 504 508 512 516 520 524 528 532 Mounted ring number P7averagepressures(bar) 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 631,6 637,2 642,8 648,4 654,0 659,6 665,2 670,8 676,4 682,0 687,6 693,2 698,8 704,4 710,0 715,6 721,2 726,8 732,4 738,0 743,6 749,2 754,8 760,4 766,0 771,6 777,2 782,8 788,4 794,0 799,6 805,2 810,8 816,4 822,0 827,6 833,2 838,8 844,4 850,0 855,6 861,2 866,8 872,4 878,0 883,6 889,2 894,8 900,4 906,0 Head chainage (m) P7averagepressures(bar) P7 average value upper limit lower limit NOTE: Lower and upper limits are the ones defined in the "Folha da Escavaçâo".
  • 61.
    CONTROL OF THEEXCAVATED WEIGHTS 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 336 340 344 348 352 356 360 364 368 372 376 380 384 388 392 396 400 404 408 412 416 420 424 428 432 436 440 444 448 452 456 460 464 468 472 476 480 484 488 492 496 500 504 508 512 516 520 524 528 532 Mounted ring number Weight(t) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 631,6 637,2 642,8 648,4 654,0 659,6 665,2 670,8 676,4 682,0 687,6 693,2 698,8 704,4 710,0 715,6 721,2 726,8 732,4 738,0 743,6 749,2 754,8 760,4 766,0 771,6 777,2 782,8 788,4 794,0 799,6 805,2 810,8 816,4 822,0 827,6 833,2 838,8 844,4 850,0 855,6 861,2 866,8 872,4 878,0 883,6 889,2 894,8 900,4 906,0 Head chainage (m) Weight(t) Actual excavated weight upper limit lower limit NOTE: Lower and upper limits are defined using the in-situ densities after the face surveys.
  • 63.
    Key Parameters  PulseBlood pressure, temperature – NOT intensive care all the time  Too much data can result in analysis paralysis and prevent timely decisions from being made.  Keep your finger on the pulse!
  • 64.
    Settlement – physicalmeasurement of performance Settlement Profile across the Tunnel Section at GF1 Settlement Profile along the Tunnel Alingment -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 Settlement(mm) West Bound East Bound T ot alL1247 EB WB -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 -100-80-60-40-20020406080 Distance away from Tunnel face Maximumsettlement(mm) West bound East bound L1257 15 m
  • 65.
    Purpose of Instrumentation Confirm assumptions and apply a ‘field factor’ if required  Revisit building assessments and need for possible remediation works
  • 66.
    Instrumentation & Monitoring Instrumentation and Monitoring (I&M) does NOT stop risk  I&M allows risk to be seen  Murphy’s Law – “accidents tend to happen where there are no instruments”
  • 69.
    Coordination & Collaboration SAFETUNNELLING TBM - GROUND INTERACTION Compliance with settlementlimits Compliance with Face Pressure & Grout requirements Compliance with alignment DAILY/WEEKLY BASISREVIEW OF DATA
  • 70.
    Construction Performance Reviews ShiftEngineer Monitoring Team for each area Site Engineers Design Staff Construction Manager KTRC/C3C ? Handover Meeting Daily Monitoring data collation Review data & prepare Tunnel/Excavation Performance Meeting Issue Agreed Record Issue Weekly Review Report Internal Coordination Meeting Project Manager's Review Meeting Tunnel / Excavation Construction Review Process D A I L Y W E E K L Y Information Information Information Information Information Information Review and identify actions if required M O N T H L Y
  • 71.
    Breaches of Limits– Escalation process  Red Amber Green  Green - Business as usual. Operating within expected norms and no impact on outside world.  Amber – working outside of anticipated norms and potential for adverse effects – tunnel teams and implementation of remedial works on ‘alert’ and standing by. Increased vigilance, scenarios reviewed and plans revised based on situation,  Red – adverse effects likely, Action plans implemented; stop tunnelling and implement plans formulated during amber.
  • 72.
    Feedback Loops Alignment –ensure the tunnel is in the correct place and take necessary actions Monitoring and actual performance against design assumptions Change design if required / if possible: ➢opportunities in better ground, ➢ increased risk in poorer ground or sub-optimal equipment selection and workarounds required Changes in ground and possible claims against any contractual baseline
  • 73.
    Construction Output SAFE TUNNELLING Controlledsettlement, minimal impact on infrastructure, optimised face pressures, controlled progress
  • 74.
    IDENTIFY & DESIGN PROTECTIONWORKS GEOLOGICAL -GEOTECHNICAL MODEL SITE INVESTIGATIONS (All previous data, desk study, other project data.) BUILDING RISK ASSESSMENTS & PROTECTION PLANS. Allowable Limits of Deformation ALIGNMENT OF RAIL TRACK & STATION LOCATION INSTRUMENTATION DESIGN SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS Ground loss, shield loss, tailskin loss, sensitivity TBM OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS & RANGE -Face Pressure, grout pressure/volume SURVEYS FOR UTILITIES, ID NATURE OF MATERIAL & ALLOWABLE LIMITS OF DEFORMATION GEOLOGICAL PROFILE & GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS SITE INVESTIGATIONS Supplementary & Instrumentation Installation BUILDING CONDITION SURVEYS, STRUCTURAL SURVEYS, Confirm Extent and magnitude of settlement, correctness of face pressure Confirm /Reassess Geological profile and face pressures required to ensure settlements controlled. Confirm or Revise Building protection Works as required. Revise risk assessment MONITORING TBM Parameters Face Pressure Grout Volume & Pressure Muck Volume Thrust, torque & Advance Speed Instrumentation Drilling Data against geological profile Planned against actual settlement Monitoring of Treated Areas Immediate Actions Reading Frequency Accuracy checks Visual Inspections of surface/buildings SAFE TUNNELLING Controlled settlement, minimal impact on infrastructure, optimised face pressures, controlled progress CONSTRUCTION Tunnelling TBM Operation Face pressure, Grouting Volume & Pressure Muck Volume Thrust Torque Speed of Advance Steering / Survey Control Lining Erection Build Quality / Repars Alignment Ground Treatment Drilling Grouting Verification Immediate Actions Alarm Plans Standard Operating Procedures Emergency Plans DESIGN OF TUNNELADVANCE Horizontal & Vertical Alignment - deeper tunnels have greater pressures, tight curves may require tapered rings Geotechnical Interpretation - possible geological hazards, mixed face conditions, geological boundaries Face Pressures - control of face pressure to avoid stress relaxation & overexcavation Weights / Volumes - assessment of weight based on range of in-situ density, assess likely use of soil conditioning Instrument Plan - types & distribution of instruments based on predicted settlements and location of buildings, frequency of reading Settlement Contours & Settlement Limits - assessment of extent of predicted settlement, allows a check to be carried out during construction Required Consolidation Works - building protection worked to prevent any adverse effects due to settlement. High Risk Areas, Structures & utilities- indicated on drawings to advise of additional care/reporting Anticipated Anomalies & Actions - Loss of face pressure, additional grout, overexcavation Probing - predicted geology, tates of penetration TUNNEL MANAGEMENT PROCESS DESIGN INPUT DESIGN PROCESS DESIGN OUTPUT CONSTRUCTION INPUT CONSTRUCTION PROCESS CONSTRUCTION OUTPUT Input 'field data' &/or correction factors into design TBM - GROUND INTERACTION Compliance with settlement limits Compliance with Face Pressure & Grout requirements Compliance with alignment DAILY/WEEKLY BASISREVIEW OF DATA TBM Design Segment Design/Lining ALIGNMENT VALIDATION - Wriggle survey ALIGNMENTVERIFICATION - Track Work Validation CONFIRM ALIGNMENT - Design modifiaction may be necessary, signalling, route restrictions.
  • 75.
    Holistic View  Manyspecialist areas contribute to the tunnel design  Many views and opinions  Many data sources  Lots of data available  Multiple stakeholders along the alignment and through the process  One error can be enough to be catastrophic!!