The document provides an overview of the site mitigation process for contaminated sites. It discusses regulatory programs like the Local Oversight Program and Voluntary Cleanup Program. The typical cleanup process involves opening a case, developing a conceptual site model, conducting site investigations, selecting remedies, monitoring groundwater, using the GeoTracker database, involving public participation, and closing cases. It also provides examples of conceptual site models and describes a hypothetical case opening for a site with soil and groundwater contamination above screening levels.
Navy presentation to the Moffett Field Restoration Advisory Board on May 15, ...Steve Williams
Navy presentation to the Moffett Field Restoration Advisory Board on May 15, 2008, regarding the groundwater clean-up at the East- and West-Side Acquifer Treatment Systems (EATS and WATS).
In 2010 Shell began investigating how to automate the initial response to a well control incident. The first phase of the project was to develop a rig system that could reliably detect an influx across a broad spectrum of floating rig well construction related rig operations. The results of a fault tree style sensitivity analysis pointed to the high value of improving sensor data quality (both accuracy and reliability) and the importance of improving kick detection software for alarming (both in terms of coverage and how the driller is alerted to respond to a confirmed kick condition). Based on the analysis results, a Smart Kick Detection System functional specification was developed and used to upgrade the kick detection system on an offshore rig.
Early in the project it was realized that focusing on adding robust kick detection during
connections was important but especially challenging due to the associated transient flow and pit volume signatures. A separate in-house initiative was therefore kicked-off to develop new software based on pattern recognition technology and machine learning. The resulting IDAPS (Influx Detection at Pumps Stopped) software has now been implemented as a real-time monitoring application for all Shell operated deep water wells. Further developments in smart kick detection are coming, ultimately leading to rigs being equipped with automated kick detection systems that are relied upon to detect a kick and secure the well in case the driller fails to act.
Richards, Margaret, Lathrop & Gage, McCart, Susan, SCS Engineers, Common NPDE...Kevin Perry
Richards Margaret Lathrop Gage McCart Susan SCS Engineers Common NPDES Mistakes and the Importance of Good Data MECC Kansas City May 11-13 Overland Park
Navy presentation to the Moffett Field Restoration Advisory Board on May 15, ...Steve Williams
Navy presentation to the Moffett Field Restoration Advisory Board on May 15, 2008, regarding the groundwater clean-up at the East- and West-Side Acquifer Treatment Systems (EATS and WATS).
In 2010 Shell began investigating how to automate the initial response to a well control incident. The first phase of the project was to develop a rig system that could reliably detect an influx across a broad spectrum of floating rig well construction related rig operations. The results of a fault tree style sensitivity analysis pointed to the high value of improving sensor data quality (both accuracy and reliability) and the importance of improving kick detection software for alarming (both in terms of coverage and how the driller is alerted to respond to a confirmed kick condition). Based on the analysis results, a Smart Kick Detection System functional specification was developed and used to upgrade the kick detection system on an offshore rig.
Early in the project it was realized that focusing on adding robust kick detection during
connections was important but especially challenging due to the associated transient flow and pit volume signatures. A separate in-house initiative was therefore kicked-off to develop new software based on pattern recognition technology and machine learning. The resulting IDAPS (Influx Detection at Pumps Stopped) software has now been implemented as a real-time monitoring application for all Shell operated deep water wells. Further developments in smart kick detection are coming, ultimately leading to rigs being equipped with automated kick detection systems that are relied upon to detect a kick and secure the well in case the driller fails to act.
Richards, Margaret, Lathrop & Gage, McCart, Susan, SCS Engineers, Common NPDE...Kevin Perry
Richards Margaret Lathrop Gage McCart Susan SCS Engineers Common NPDES Mistakes and the Importance of Good Data MECC Kansas City May 11-13 Overland Park
The weakness of reservoir simulations is the lack of quantity and quality of the required input; their strength is the ability to vary one parameter at a time. Therefore, reservoir simulations are an appropriate tool to evaluate relative uncertainty but absolute forecasts can be misleading, leading to poor business decisions. As recovery processes increase in complexity, the impact of such decisions may have a major impact on the project viability. A responsible use of reservoir simulations is discussed, addressing both technical users and decision makers. The danger of creating a false confidence in forecasts and the value of simulating complex processes are demonstrated with examples. This is a call for the return of the reservoir engineer who is in control of the simulations and not controlled by them, and the decision maker who appreciates a black & white graph of a forecast with realistic uncertainties over a 3-D hologram in colour.
Emissions Inventory for the Arctic Air Quality Modeling StudyJennifer Sharp
Eastern Research Group's Paula Fields Simms recently presented on this study at EPA's 2015 Emission Inventory Conference. The study, which was sponsored by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, resulted in a comprehensive inventory of sources of criteria and hazardous air pollutants, greenhouse gases, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia. The ERG team will use Paula's study to model on-shore air quality impacts.
Lake Ontario Waterkeeper's submissions for Pickering Waste Management Facilit...LOWaterkeeper
Ontario Power Generation (OPG) is currently applying to renew its Waste Facility Operating Licence for its Pickering Waste Management Facility (PWMF). The current licence
will expire March 31, 2018.
OPG is currently requesting a licence term of approximately 11 years that will expire on August 31, 2028.
Waterkeeper's written submissions discuss several identified concerns with the PWMF and provide
recommendations for improving the facility’s planned expansion and routine operations.
Probabilistic Analysis of a Desalination Plant with Major and Minor Failures ...Waqas Tariq
In many desalination plants, multi stage flash desalination process is normally used for sea water purification. The probabilistic analysis and profitability of such a complex system with standby support mechanism is of great importance to avoid huge loses. Thus, the aim of this paper is to present a probabilistic analysis of evaporators of a desalination plant with major and minor failure categories and estimating various reliability indicators. The desalination plant operates round the clock and during the normal operation; six of the seven evaporators are in operation for water production while one evaporator is always under scheduled maintenance and used as standby. The complete plant is shut down for about one month during winter season for annual maintenance. The water supply during shutdown period is maintained through ground water and storage system. Any major failure or annual maintenance brings the evaporator/plant to a complete halt and appropriate repair or maintenance is undertaken. Measures of plant effectiveness such as mean time to system failure, availability, expected busy period for maintenance, expected busy period for repair, expected busy period during shutdown & expected number of repairs are obtained by using semi-Markov processes and regenerative point techniques. Profit incurred to the system is also evaluated. Seven years real data from a desalination plant are used in this analysis.
The weakness of reservoir simulations is the lack of quantity and quality of the required input; their strength is the ability to vary one parameter at a time. Therefore, reservoir simulations are an appropriate tool to evaluate relative uncertainty but absolute forecasts can be misleading, leading to poor business decisions. As recovery processes increase in complexity, the impact of such decisions may have a major impact on the project viability. A responsible use of reservoir simulations is discussed, addressing both technical users and decision makers. The danger of creating a false confidence in forecasts and the value of simulating complex processes are demonstrated with examples. This is a call for the return of the reservoir engineer who is in control of the simulations and not controlled by them, and the decision maker who appreciates a black & white graph of a forecast with realistic uncertainties over a 3-D hologram in colour.
Emissions Inventory for the Arctic Air Quality Modeling StudyJennifer Sharp
Eastern Research Group's Paula Fields Simms recently presented on this study at EPA's 2015 Emission Inventory Conference. The study, which was sponsored by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, resulted in a comprehensive inventory of sources of criteria and hazardous air pollutants, greenhouse gases, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia. The ERG team will use Paula's study to model on-shore air quality impacts.
Lake Ontario Waterkeeper's submissions for Pickering Waste Management Facilit...LOWaterkeeper
Ontario Power Generation (OPG) is currently applying to renew its Waste Facility Operating Licence for its Pickering Waste Management Facility (PWMF). The current licence
will expire March 31, 2018.
OPG is currently requesting a licence term of approximately 11 years that will expire on August 31, 2028.
Waterkeeper's written submissions discuss several identified concerns with the PWMF and provide
recommendations for improving the facility’s planned expansion and routine operations.
Probabilistic Analysis of a Desalination Plant with Major and Minor Failures ...Waqas Tariq
In many desalination plants, multi stage flash desalination process is normally used for sea water purification. The probabilistic analysis and profitability of such a complex system with standby support mechanism is of great importance to avoid huge loses. Thus, the aim of this paper is to present a probabilistic analysis of evaporators of a desalination plant with major and minor failure categories and estimating various reliability indicators. The desalination plant operates round the clock and during the normal operation; six of the seven evaporators are in operation for water production while one evaporator is always under scheduled maintenance and used as standby. The complete plant is shut down for about one month during winter season for annual maintenance. The water supply during shutdown period is maintained through ground water and storage system. Any major failure or annual maintenance brings the evaporator/plant to a complete halt and appropriate repair or maintenance is undertaken. Measures of plant effectiveness such as mean time to system failure, availability, expected busy period for maintenance, expected busy period for repair, expected busy period during shutdown & expected number of repairs are obtained by using semi-Markov processes and regenerative point techniques. Profit incurred to the system is also evaluated. Seven years real data from a desalination plant are used in this analysis.
As Executive Director of Got Your 6, this is how I've applied values based leadership to every aspect of the organization. This drives how decisions are made, how we react to adversity and opportunity and ultimately how we build a culture based on values that align with our own.
An overview presentation covering the implications and impacts of this new air pollution regulation on the oil and natural gas industry. Presented at the Ohio Oil and Gas Association Winter Meeting 2016.
Phil Jones, PE, OC Public Works Design Division, Bruce Phillips, PE, PACE and Scott Taylor, PE, Michael Baker International present "Engineering Analysis for Urban Drainage Systems" for the Environmental Water Resources Institute of ASCE OC.
Implementation of 2015 EPA Vapor Intrusion (VI) Guides: Application in State ...Chris Lutes
Lutes, C., L. Lund, C. Holton and M. Bedan “Implementation of 2015 EPA Vapor Intrusion (VI) Guides: Application in State Programs”; AEHS 26th Annual West Coast Conference, March 2016, San Diego.
This presentation provides an overview of the major provisions proposed by the EPA in the new hazardous waste generator improvements rule. It outlines the four primary issues that exist with today's regulations and how some of the more significant proposals seeks to address those issues. Find out about the rule process and schedule and what this means for hazardous waste generators.
1. Introduction to Site Mitigation
CUPA Conference
February 23, 2016
Tuesday 10-11:45 AM
2. ∗ New (and not so new) corrective action
agency employees
∗ Industry
∗ Consultants
∗ (Potential) Responsible Parties
∗ Students
Target Audience
3. ∗ Charles Ice, PG, San Mateo County
Environmental Health
∗ LOP, voluntary cleanup program, Corrective
Action UPA, and well permitting, also
biotoxin sampling and groundwater
sustainability
∗ Steven Nailor, EIT, Santa Barbara County
Environmental Health
∗ LOP, voluntary cleanup program, well
permitting
Speakers
4. ∗ Regulatory authority
∗ Local Oversight Program
∗ Voluntary Cleanup Program
∗ Corrective Action Unified Program Agency
∗ Cleanup Process
∗ Opening a case
∗ Typical field activities and documentation
∗ Financing
∗ Enforcement options
∗ Closing a case
∗ Case Examples
Meeting Outline
5. Corrective Action Programs
Local Agencies/Districts
Voluntary Programs
all other
contaminants
Health and Safety
Code Section 101480
9 Regional Water
Quality Control
Boards
6. ∗ Petroleum releases from USTs only
∗ Code of Regulations, Title 23, Chapter 16,
Article 11, Section 2720 defines Responsible
Party (RP) as:
∗ Tank owner and operator (or last known operator)
∗ Business owner and operator
∗ Property owner at time of contaminant discovery
∗ Can be named secondary RP if another RP will
remain as primary and potential secondary RP had no
direct involvement in discharge
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
(LUST)
7. ∗ Health & Safety Code 25296 – word for
word language for Remedial Action
Completion Certificate (i.e. closure
letter), appeals process for closure
request denial
∗ Health & Safety Code 25299 – the UST
Cleanup Fund, currently authorized until
2026 and a fee of 2 cents per gallon
Health and Safety Code Sections
8. ∗ Local Oversight Program started as pilot
program by Resolution 88-23
∗ Counties contracted directly with SWRCB
∗ Appeals process, RWQCB concurrence
∗ Health & Safety Code 25297 – authorizes
the SWRCB to implement the LOP,
Responsible Party to identify and notify
affected property owners, and requires
reimbursement for reasonable cost
Local Oversight Program
9. ∗ CUPAs had to be certified in 1996
∗ Local Implementing Agencies (LIAs)
∗ AB1701 (2012) required certification to be an
LOP, no more LIAs (or quasi-LIAs)
∗ Certification requirements
∗ Professional Geologist (PG) or Engineer (PE),
requirements for minimum education and
training for all staff
Agency Certification
10. ∗ 2009-42
∗ Immediately review all cases for closure and
post impediments for closure by 6/30/10
∗ 2009-81
∗ Use decisional framework outlined in
resolution 92-49 and previous closure orders
∗ 2012-16 Low Threat UST Petroleum Closure
Policy (LTCP)
Improvement Resolutions
11. ∗ 2012-62 Plan for Implementation of LTCP
and Additional Program Improvements
∗ Review all sites against LTCP by 8/16/13, create
Path to Closure Plan by 1/1/14
∗ SWRCB review of all closure denials
∗ 60-day TAT work plans and closure requests
∗ Emphasis on high threat cases
∗ Pushing for well destruction and waste removal
of pending closure cases
Improvement Resolutions
12. ∗ RWQCBs have 2,976 open, 13,686 closed
∗ Another 185 listed as Open - Inactive
∗ 13 local agencies have with 1,356 open, 26,157
closed cases
∗ Another 11 listed as Open - Inactive
LUST Case numbers
13. ∗ RWQCBs Water Code Sections 13267, 13304, and 13365
∗ Local agencies Health & Safety Code Section 101480,
SB1248 (1996)
∗ Responsible Party [can be anyone] that requests the
local officer [county or city health officer or county
environmental health director] to supervise remedial
action at a site
∗ Must enter into a Remedial Action Agreement
specifying assessment, remediation, and cleanup goals
Voluntary Cleanup Program
14. ∗ Letter certifies completion of activities
∗ Charge RP a fee to recover reasonable costs; no
enforcement option
∗ Local agency sites
∗ Must first notify DTSC and RWQCB of site
∗ Either party at any time may ask DTSC or RWQCB to
take over through agency referral or RP applies for
Site Designation or Brownfield MOA processes
Voluntary Cleanup Program
15. ∗ RWQCBs have 2,578 open cases, 4,098 closed,
1,501 Listed as Open - Inactive
∗ 32 local agencies with 636 VCP open sites,
3,185 closed cases, 99 sites listed as Open -
Inactive
∗ 17 agencies >4 sites each, total of 615 sites
Voluntary Cleanup Program
16. ∗ Mandated by statue in 1997
∗ Regulations for designation (i.e.
application) developed in 2006
∗ Allows Health & Safety Code Chapter 6.5
Section 25187, 25200.3, 25200.10, 25407.14
orders at facilities subject to oversight by
CUPA
∗ Generators, Conditional Authorization, Conditional
Exemption, and Permit by Rule (except TTUs)
∗ Less versus more complex sites for Tier 1
and 2 designations
Corrective Action UPA
17. ∗ Phase 1 Assessment Checklist (DTSC
Form 1151 required be filled out by 1/1/97
identified many corrective action sites )
or 1 year after CA or PBR notification
∗ Delegation to UPAs only applies to
Health & Safety Code Chapters 6.5
Corrective Action UPA Regulations
18. ∗ PBR facilities that can not obtain clean
closure during facility closure must
become corrective action UPA site (i.e.
plating shops)
∗ Enforcement option is Administrative
Enforcement Order (AEO) process
through your corresponding CUPA
Corrective Action UPA Regulations
19. ∗ Los Angeles County, Ventura County,
San Mateo County, Sacramento County,
San Diego County, and Merced County
currently designated
∗ Orange County has applied
∗ Only 3 sites officially so far
Implementation
20. ∗ Facilities that can not obtain clean closure during
facility closure, property or business transfer
investigations, and solvent detections at LUST sites
identify a majority of corrective action UPA sites
∗ Convincing entities to be RPs in Voluntary program
∗ Indication of potential issue will likely delay liquidation
of an asset later on, so find out now if really an issue and
start dealing with it
∗ Deal with it now, less likely other PRPs die or dissolve,
insurance policies can not be located or forgotten, and
deal with a smaller footprint of contamination
New non-LUST sites
22. ∗ Opening a case
∗ Funding
∗ Conceptual site model
∗ Site investigation
∗ Remedy selection
∗ Groundwater monitoring
∗ GeoTracker
∗ Public participation
∗ Enforcement options
∗ Case closure
LOP/UST Cleanup Process
23. ∗ UST Cleanup Fund for eligible sites
∗ Responsible party funds
∗ Less Common
∗ Emergency, Abandoned, and Recalcitrant (EAR)
Account
∗ Orphan Site Cleanup Fund
∗ School District Account
∗ LOPs operate under contract to State Water
Resources Control Board
Funding
24. ∗ Definitions and various forms
∗ Description of sources, distribution,
pathways, and receptors.
∗ Process
∗ When is site investigation adequate?
Conceptual Site Model
26. Example of CSM Flow Diagram
Worker
Exposure
Residential
Exposure
Recreational
Exposure
27. ∗ Definitions and various forms
∗ Description of sources, distribution,
pathways, and receptors.
∗ Process
∗ When is site investigation adequate?
Conceptual Site Model
28. ∗ Various approaches
∗ Fixed scope of work
∗ Flexible or expedited
∗ Methods and technologies
∗ Work plans and reporting
Site Investigation
29. ∗ When are groundwater monitoring
wells installed?
∗ What information do we get?
∗ How long do we monitor?
Groundwater Monitoring
30. ∗ Interim remedial actions
∗ Pilot tests
∗ Corrective action plans
∗ Public participation
∗ Green and Environmentally Responsible
Cleanups
Remedy Selection
31. ∗ Opening a case
∗ Funding
∗ Conceptual site model
∗ Site investigation
∗ Remedy selection
∗ Groundwater monitoring
∗ GeoTracker
∗ Public participation
∗ Enforcement options
∗ Case closure
LOP/UST Cleanup Process
32. ∗ Make sure site is claimed and keep it up to date
∗ Site history and case status
∗ Document and EDF submittals
∗ Low Threat Closure Policy checklist
∗ Path to closure plan
∗ Regulatory actions (activities)
∗ Post closure site management requirements
∗ Getting information out of GeoTracker
GeoTracker
33. ∗ Level of effort based on site
∗ Threshold level for all sites
∗ Adjust level of effort as needed
∗ Categories
∗ Rural/urban
∗ Activities
∗ “Public Participation at Cleanup Sites, Final Draft,” April
2005, State Water Resources Control Board and
Regional Boards
Public Participation
34. ∗ Progressively increase enforcement
∗ Meetings
∗ Notice of Violation
∗ District Attorney
∗ Regional Water Quality Control Boards
∗ State Water Resources Control Board
Enforcement Options
35. ∗ Opening a case
∗ Funding
∗ Conceptual site model
∗ Site investigation
∗ Remedy selection
∗ Groundwater monitoring
∗ GeoTracker
∗ Public participation
∗ Enforcement options
∗ Case closure
Voluntary Cleanup Program Process
36. ∗ Full and meaningful public involvement (CEQA)
∗ Site screening (Preliminary Endangerment Assessment)
∗ Site investigation (using DTSC guidance documents)
∗ Selection of remedy and cleanup levels
∗ Adequate resources & oversight
∗ Written documentation of corrective action
activities
∗ Enforcement of corrective action completeness
∗ Financial assurance
∗ Land use controls
Corrective Action Process
37. ∗ Most common ways of site discovery
∗ Tank removal and upgrade sampling or release
detected by UST monitoring equipment
∗ Voluntary Phase 2 work requested by banks for
property transactions, data voluntarily submitted
or as required by drilling permit
∗ CUPA facility closure sampling
∗ Public complaints, usually nuisance based
Opening a Case
38. ∗ Request any additional info anyone has to help
determine if site should be opened and who might be
responsible parties (RPs)
∗ Identify RPs (assessor’s records and CUPA files for
LUST) or potential RPs (current and perspective
property owner and current or most recent facility in
CUPA files for VCP), send them initial letter
∗ Open site in GeoTracker and have meeting with RPs
or potential RPs to discuss why, what, and how, and
request initial work plan
Steps for Opening A Case
39. ∗ Concentrations versus screening levels
(ESLs by SFRWQCB or LARWQCB, RLs by
USEPA Region 9)
∗ Location of contamination in relation to
sensitive receptors (current and
imminent land use involved)
∗ Fate and transport pathways initially
assessed
Deciding Whether to Open a Case
41. ∗ Voluntary Phase II work for redevelopment of
a former electronics lab from the 1960s
reportedly with electroplating
∗ Grab groundwater 20 feet below ground
surface in 5 borings but monitoring wells on
other sites in the vicinity have 10 feet depth of
groundwater
∗ Analyzed soil and groundwater for TPH,
SVOCs, and VOCs
Circuitron
45. ∗ Max TCE in soil 0.055 mg/kg @ 20 ft bgs
@ SB-8
∗ Soil (SFRWQCB) ESL 0.46 mg/kg
∗ Max TCE in groundwater 870 ug/L @ 25
ft bgs @ SB-6
∗ Groundwater (SFRWQCB) ESL 1,300
ug/L for vapor intrusion, 5 ug/L drinking
water
Summary and Screening Information
for Voting
46. ∗ SFRWQCB TCE Vapor Intrusion acute
trigger level in fine soil (or deep
groundwater) 460 ug/L
∗ Development plans incorporate 2 levels
of parking garages (~20 feet deep)
∗ Any possible additional info they could
get to stop agency from opening site?
Does This Change Your Vote?
49. ∗ Voluntary Phase II work for real estate transaction.
Former gas station circa 1928 – 1983, #1 - 8,000 gal. #2
- 5,000 gal. gasoline USTs & #1 - 550 gal. waste oil UST
∗ USTs removed late 1983, & no samples collected
∗ Nov. 1991 inspection reported pump islands and a fill
pipe still present
∗ The station canopy removed circa 1995, & the building
was converted into two commercial occupancies
∗ Various businesses since, but no fueling operations.
Currently a coffee house.
Daily Grind – Background
50. ∗ Four Geoprobes® attempted only one (B3) reahced 24 feet
bgs, others stopped at 7-10 feet bgs due to shallow refusal
∗ Former dispenser island area: B1 & B2 to 10 & 7 feet bgs
∗ Former UST area: B3 & B4 to 24 & 7 feet bgs
∗ B1, B2 & B4 no odor or staining at 1.5’, 7’ & 7’ bgs
∗ B3 dark gray staining & strong hydrocarbon odor at 24 feet
∗ GW not found at this time, data from other sites indicates
varied groundwater flow directions are not uncommon.
∗ Analyzed soil & groundwater for TPH, VOCs, & Oxygenates
Daily Grind – Assessment-1
52. Loc-
aiton
Depth TPHg TPHd Benz Tol Ebenz Xyl VOCs Pb
B1 5 < 0.5 < 10 NA NA NA NA NA 13.5
B1 10 < 0.5 < 10 <0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.002 <0.02 6.5
B2 5 < 0.5 < 10 NA NA NA NA NA 6.0
B2 7 < 0.5 < 10 <0.001 < 0.003 < 0.001 < 0.005 <0.02 31.7
B4 5 < 0.5 < 10 NA NA NA NA NA 6.5
B4 7 < 0.5 < 10 <0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.002 0.004 8.4
Daily Grind - Assessment-3
soil results in mg/kg
53. Loc-
aiton
Depth TPHg TPHd Benz Tol Ebenz Xyl VOCs Total
Lead
B3 10 < 0.5 < 10 NA NA NA NA NA 8.87
B3 15 250J NA <0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.002 ND NA
B3 20 1,360 < 10 <.186 1.54 59.8 209.3 See
“A”
10.6
B3 24 7,300 < 10 3.4 246 277 1,406 See
“B”
16.4
Naphthalene 1,2,4-TMB 1,3,5-TMB
B3 20 “A” 23.7 259 57.6
B3 24 “B” 3.46J 423 102
Daily Grind - Assessment-4
soil results in mg/kg
54. ∗ B3 Lithology:
∗ 0 – 6’ Silty fine sand (SM) no odor/no stain
∗ 6’ - 12’ Silty sand (SM) no odor/no stain
∗ 12’ – 23’ Silty clay (CL) moist, stiff, moderate
plasticity, no odor/no stain
∗ 24’ Sandy Silty Clay (CL) very fine, moist,
medium stiff, strong hydrocarbon odor
Daily Grind - Assessment-5
55. ∗ One effective boring to 24 feet bgs
∗ Concentrations of TPHg & BTEX
increasing and not laterally delineated
∗ Not sure of groundwater depth
∗ Others borings shallow
∗ Could the data support LTCP and stop
the agency from opening as a site?
Summary and Screening Information
for Voting
56. ∗ EHS directed more assessment and
approved a work plan for one boring /
hydropunch for soil and qualitative
groundwater sampling.
∗ Should naphthalene (23.7 mg/kg at 20
feet bgs) be the driver?
Next Step
61. ∗ Does site meet LTCP?
∗ Is CSM complete? What about other
USTs?
∗ Interesting levels of TPHg, benzene &
naphthalene in groundwater
∗ Evaluation – delineate water – how?
∗ What data is need to close under LTCP??
Does This Change Your Vote?
63. ∗ Low Threat UST Closure Policy
∗ Resolution 92-49
∗ Relevant State Water Board Orders
∗ Closure requests are tracked on GeoTracker
∗ Denials of closure reviewed by State Water Resources
Control Board
LOP/UST Case Closure
64. ∗ Eight General Criteria
∗ Three Media Specific Criteria
∗ Groundwater – Four prescriptive classes of sites or
regulatory agency determination
∗ Vapor – Four scenarios, site-specific risk assessment or
regulatory agency determination
∗ Direct Contact and Outdoor Air Exposure –Table 1, site-
specific risk assessment, or regulatory agency
determination
Low Threat UST Closure Policy
65. ∗ Provides a framework for the cleanup process.
∗ Establishes the basis for determining cleanup levels of waters of
the State and soils that impact waters of the State.
∗ Resolution No. 92-49 requires cleanup to occur in a manner that
promotes attainment of either background water quality or that
level that is reasonable if background levels of water quality
cannot be restored.
∗ Resolution No. 92-49 does not require that the requisite level of
water quality be met at the time of case closure; it specifies
compliance with cleanup goals and objectives within a
reasonable time frame.
Resolution 92-49
67. ∗ Urban site
∗ Active retail hand car wash – no fueling
∗ Gasoline and diesel from old fuel USTs
∗ Multiple releases locations from tank pit
and piping
Time to Play
“Would You Close That Site”
70. ∗ Depth to GW now 16 - 24 feet bgs
∗ Nearest water supply well is 1150 feet away
∗ Historic free product in one well was sheen -
gone
∗ Limited excavation in tank pit area 35 cu. yds.
∗ Secondary impacts being treated by ozone
injection
∗ Water table (drought) has limited
effectiveness
Example LOP/UST Site
71. ∗ Shallow wells MW5 -14, 16, 17 below levels of
concern for several years
∗ Shallow wells MW-1, 2, 3, 4, & 15 were only
ones with significant impacts - last 5 years
∗ Deep wells installed to evaluate for vertical
migrations – appear to be in the same aquifer
and never tested for vertical flow, only
monitored
GW Monitoring Information
75. ∗ GW does not meet LTCP as plume longer than
250’ and concentration of Benzene & MTBE
exceed 1,000 ug/L.
∗ Vapor Intrusion does not meet LTCP as benzene
under building is > 1,000 ug/L and less than 30
feet to GW.
∗ Direct contact to outdoor air meets LTCP.
∗ Continue active remediation and monitor offsite
wells for current GW conditions.
August 2015
CUF Review Summary Report
79. ∗ Within service area of a public water system
∗ Consists only of petroleum
∗ Currently no free product
∗ Primary release stopped – USTs removed
∗ Conceptual site model was developed
∗ Secondary source removal
∗ Soil and groundwater tested for MTBE
∗ No nuisance conditions
General LTCP Criteria
80. Site Data
LTCP
Class 1
Criteria
(µg/L)
LTCP
Class 2
Criteria
(µg/L)
LTCP
Class 3
Criteria
(µg/L)
LTCP
Class 4
Criteria
(µg/L)
Plume Length
Benzene 400’
MTBE 600’
<100 feet <250 feet <250 feet <1,000 feet
Free Product Currently no free product No free
product
No free
product
Removed to
maximum
extent
practicable
No free
product
Plume Stable or
Decreasing
Appears to be
decreasing over long
term but GW table down
due to drought.
Stable or
decreasin
g
Stable or
decreasin
g
Stable or
decreasing
for
minimum of
5 Years
Stable or
decreasing
Distance to Nearest
Water Supply Well >1,000 feet >250 feet >1,000
feet >1,000 feet >1,000 feet
Distance to Nearest
Surface Water and
Direction
2,000 feet downgradient >250 feet >1,000
feet >1,000 feet >1,000 feet
Property Owner
Willing to Accept a
Land Use Restriction?
Yes Not
applicable
Not
applicable Yes Not
applicable
Groundwater-Specific Criteria
81. Site Data
LTCP Class
2 Criteria
(µg/L)
LTCP
Class 3
Criteria (µg/L)
LTCP
Class 4
Criteria
(µg/L)
Plume Length
Approximately 200 feet
from source to edge of
plume
<250 feet <250 feet <1,000 feet
Free Product Currently no free product No free
product
Removed to
maximum
extent
practicable
No free
product
Plume Stable or Decreasing
Appears to be decreasing
over long term but GW
table down with drought
Stable or
decreasing
Stable or
decreasing
for minimum
of 5 Years
Stable or
decreasing
Distance to Nearest Water
Supply Well >1,000 feet >1,000 feet >1,000 feet >1,000 feet
Distance to Nearest
Surface Water and
Direction
2,000 feet downgradient >1,000 feet >1,000 feet >1,000 feet
Property Owner Willing to
Accept a Land Use
Restriction?
Yes Not
applicable Yes Not
applicable
Groundwater-Specific Criteria
82. Constituent
Historic Site
Maximum
(µg/L)
Current Site
Maximum
(µg/L)
LTCP
Class 2
Criteria
(µg/L)
LTCP
Class 3
Criteria
(µg/L)
LTCP
Class 4
Criteria
(µg/L)
Benzene 39,000 990 3,000 No criteria 1,000
MTBE 47,900 1,100 1,000 No criteria 1,000
TBA 29,000 2,4000 No criteria No criteria No criteria
Groundwater Concentrations
83. ∗ If top 10 feet clean should this be done?
∗ Nearby sites are commercial.
∗ GW is 16 – 24 feet deep.
∗ Are there threats to nearby sites?
Vapor-Specific Criteria
84. Constituent
Residential Commercial/Industrial Utility Worker
0 to 5 feet
bgs
(mg/kg)
Volatilization
to outdoor
air (5 to 10
feet bgs)
mg/kg
0 to 5 feet
bgs
(mg/kg)
Volatilization to
outdoor air (5 to
10 feet bgs)
mg/kg
0 to 10 feet bgs
(mg/kg)
Site
Maximum
Benzene 0.002 < 0.005 <0.002 <0.005 <0.005
LTCP
Criteria
Benzene ≤1.9 ≤2.8 ≤8.2 ≤12 ≤14
Site
Maximum
Ethylbenzene 0.137 0.137 0.137 0.137 0.137
LTCP
Criteria
Ethylbenzene ≤21 ≤32 ≤89 ≤134 ≤314
Site
Maximum
Naphthalene ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
LTCP
Criteria
Naphthalene ≤9.7 ≤9.7 ≤45 ≤45 ≤219
Direct Contact and Volatilization to
Outdoor Air
85. ∗ Does it meet general criteria?
∗ Does it meet scenarios 2, 3, and 4 of
groundwater criteria?
∗ Should SVE now be conducted?
∗ Can site be closed after one more similar GWM
result?
Summary of LTCP Criteria for
Voting
86. ∗ What about variations in groundwater
concentrations?
∗ What about TBA in groundwater at
concentrations up to 35,000 µg/L?
∗ TPH mass remaining (estimated 17,600 pounds)
∗ Shallow soil contamination with concentrations
that exceed LTCP Table 1 and no naphthalene
data
Do Any of These Conditions
Change Your Vote?
89. ∗ Urban site
∗ Active retail truck stop
∗ Gasoline and diesel
∗ Multiple releases from tank pit and piping
Time to Play “Would You Close That
Site”
91. ∗ Depth to groundwater 2 to 6 feet bgs
∗ Groundwater not used in area of site for water supply
∗ Free product removal until 2006; no free product
currently
∗ Overexcavation in tank pit area and scale (2,644 cy)
∗ In-situ Remediation but likely not effective
Example LOP/UST Site
97. ∗ Within service area of a public water system
∗ Consists only of petroleum
∗ Currently no free product
∗ Primary release has been stopped
∗ Conceptual site model was developed
∗ Secondary source removal
∗ Soil and groundwater tested for MTBE
∗ No nuisance conditions
General LTCP Criteria
98. Site Data
LTCP
Class 1
Criteria
(µg/L)
LTCP
Class 2
Criteria
(µg/L)
LTCP
Class 3
Criteria
(µg/L)
LTCP
Class 4
Criteria
(µg/L)
Plume Length
Approximately 200 feet
from source to edge of
plume
<100 feet <250 feet <250 feet <1,000 feet
Free Product Currently no free
product
No free
product
No free
product
Removed to
maximum
extent
practicable
No free
product
Plume Stable or
Decreasing
Appears to be
decreasing over long
term but sporadic
increases observed.
Stable or
decreasing
Stable or
decreasing
Stable or
decreasing
for minimum
of 5 Years
Stable or
decreasing
Distance to Nearest
Water Supply Well >1,000 feet >250 feet >1,000
feet >1,000 feet >1,000 feet
Distance to Nearest
Surface Water and
Direction
2,000 feet
downgradient >250 feet >1,000
feet >1,000 feet >1,000 feet
Property Owner Willing
to Accept a Land Use
Restriction?
Yes Not
applicable
Not
applicable Yes Not
applicable
Groundwater-Specific Criteria
99. Site Data
LTCP Class
2 Criteria
(µg/L)
LTCP
Class 3
Criteria (µg/L)
LTCP
Class 4
Criteria
(µg/L)
Plume Length
Approximately 200 feet
from source to edge of
plume
<250 feet <250 feet <1,000 feet
Free Product Currently no free product No free
product
Removed to
maximum
extent
practicable
No free
product
Plume Stable or Decreasing
Appears to be decreasing
over long term but
sporadic increases
observed
Stable or
decreasing
Stable or
decreasing
for minimum
of 5 Years
Stable or
decreasing
Distance to Nearest Water
Supply Well >1,000 feet >1,000 feet >1,000 feet >1,000 feet
Distance to Nearest
Surface Water and
Direction
2,000 feet downgradient >1,000 feet >1,000 feet >1,000 feet
Property Owner Willing to
Accept a Land Use
Restriction?
Yes Not
applicable Yes Not
applicable
Groundwater-Specific Criteria
100. Constituent
Historic Site
Maximum
(µg/L)
Current Site
Maximum
(µg/L)
LTCP
Class 2
Criteria
(µg/L)
LTCP
Class 3
Criteria
(µg/L)
LTCP
Class 4
Criteria
(µg/L)
Benzene 77,000 740 3,000 No criteria 1,000
MTBE 920,000 530 1,000 No criteria 1,000
TBA 310,000 35,000 No criteria No criteria No criteria
Groundwater Concentrations
101. ∗ Not required for active service stations
∗ No threat to nearby sites
Vapor-Specific Criteria
102. Constituent
Residential Commercial/Industrial Utility Worker
0 to 5 feet
bgs
(mg/kg)
Volatilization
to outdoor
air (5 to 10
feet bgs)
mg/kg
0 to 5 feet
bgs
(mg/kg)
Volatilization to
outdoor air (5 to
10 feet bgs)
mg/kg
0 to 10 feet bgs
(mg/kg)
Site
Maximum
Benzene 3.5 200 3.5 200 200
LTCP
Criteria
Benzene ≤1.9 ≤2.8 ≤8.2 ≤12 ≤14
Site
Maximum
Ethylbenzene 9.4 160 9.4 160 160
LTCP
Criteria
Ethylbenzene ≤21 ≤32 ≤89 ≤134 ≤314
Site
Maximum
Naphthalene ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
LTCP
Criteria
Naphthalene ≤9.7 ≤9.7 ≤45 ≤45 ≤219
Direct Contact and Volatilization to
Outdoor Air
103. ∗ Maximum site concentrations less than Table 1
concentrations
∗ Maximum concentrations less than levels from
site-specific risk assessment
∗ As a result of controlling exposure through use of
mitigation measures or institutional or
engineering controls, regulatory agency
determines that petroleum constituents in soil
will have no significant risk of adversely affecting
human health
Three Ways to Meet Direct Contact and
Volatilization to Outdoor Air Criteria
104. ∗ Does it meet general criteria?
∗ Does it meet scenarios 2, 3, and 4 of
groundwater criteria?
∗ Exempt from vapor criteria
∗ Could site meet direct contact criteria with
land use controls?
Summary of LTCP Criteria for
Voting
105. ∗ What about variations in groundwater
concentrations?
∗ What about TBA in groundwater at
concentrations up to 35,000 µg/L?
∗ TPH mass remaining (estimated 17,600 pounds)
∗ Shallow soil contamination with concentrations
that exceed LTCP Table 1 and no naphthalene
data
Do Any of These Conditions
Change Your Vote?