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Tuberculosis (T. B) Presentation . pptx
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- 2. OBJECTIVES What isTuberculosis(TB)? HowTBspreads LatentTBInfection andTB Disease RiskFactors TBTesting BCGVaccine Treatment
- 3. WHATISTUBERCULOSIS(TB)? Causedby abacteriumcalled Mycobacteriumtuberculosis. Thebacteria usually attack the lungs, butTBbacteria canattack any part of the body suchasthe kidney, spine, and brain. TBis preventable and treatable, and not everyone infected withTB bacteria becomes sick. TwoTB-related conditions exist: latentTBinfection (LTBI)andTB disease.If not treated properly,TBdiseasecanbefatal.
- 4. HOWTBSPREADS • TB germsgo into the air when someone who is sick with TB disease in the lungs coughs, sneezes, speaks or sings. • People who are living, working, or spending a lot of time with this person share the same air. They can breathe in the TB germs and get infected with TB. • You cannot get TB from a person with latent TB infection.
- 5. TB IS NOT SPREADBY TBgerms are spread from person to person by air only
- 6. LATENT TB INFECTIONVS. TB DISEASE Characteristics A person with Latent TB Infection … A person withTB Disease … Active or InactiveGerms? Hasasmall amount ofTBgerms in his/ her body that are alive but inactive Hasalarge amount of activeTBgerms in his/her body Symptoms? Hasno symptoms Hassymptoms that may include: A bad cough that lasts 3weeks or longer Chest pain Coughingup blood or sputum Weaknessor fatigue Weight loss Lossof appetite Chills Fever Night sweats Sick? Doesnot feel sick Usually feels sick Spread? Cannot spreadTBbacteria to others May spreadTB bacteria to others Tests? Usuallyhasaskin test or blood test result indicatingTBinfection Usuallyhasaskin test or blood test result indicatingTBinfection Follow up tests? Hasanormal chestx-ray anda negative sputumsmear May have an abnormal chest x-ray, or positive sputumsmear or culture Treatment? Needs treatment for latentTBinfection to preventTB disease Needs treatment to treatTBdisease
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- 8. TBTESTING There aretwo different types of tests for TB infection, a blood test and a skin test. With a blood test, a small amount of your blood is taken for the test. With a TST skin test, a small amount of fluid is placed under the skin of the forearm and requires two visits. If your TB test is positive, it means that you have TB germs, and your doctor may order follow-up chest X-ray and a sputum smear/culture to be sure you are not sick with TB disease.
- 9. WHATISBACILLECALMETTE–GUÈRIN (BCG)VACCINE? BCG isa vaccine against TB that is given in countries where TB is common. It can help prevent infants and small children from getting sick with TB disease. At best BCG protects children for up to 5 years. Sometimes it does not protect against TB at all. It is rarely used in the United States.
- 10. TREATMENTFOR LATENTTBINFECTION People withlatentTBinfection Should take medicine to prevent the development ofTBdisease,even though they don’t feel sick. Treatment is highly recommended for people who have ahigher risk of developingTB diseaseoncethey haveTBinfection. This includes people with HIV infection, people who were recently exposed to someone withTBdisease,and people with certain medical conditions suchassubstance users, diabetes, RA, andCrohn’sdisease.
- 11. TREATMENTFORTB DISEASE People withTBdisease CanpassTBgerms to their family, friends, and others around them if they don’t takeTB medicine the right way. People with TBdisease need to take several medicines when they start treatment. After takingTBmedicine for several weeks, and most people takeTBmedicine for at least 6 months to be cured. A doctor will be able to tellTBpatients when they are no longer able to spreadTBgerms to others. People may undergo direct observation therapy (DOT) to make sure that the medicine is being taken correctly and is working effectively.
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