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TUBERCULOSIS, IV THE YEAR BSC NURSING, CHN
- 1. T U BE R C U L O S I S S A N U J A K I V T H B S C B S J B C O N
- 2. INTRODUCTION 01 DEFINITION 02 MAGNITUDE OF THEPROBLEM 03 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRAID 04 TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S MODE OF TRANSMISSION 05 INCUBATION PERIOD 06 CLINICAL FEATURES 07 PREVENTION AND CONTROL 08
- 3. Tuberculosis is acommunicable disease suffered by all ages. Hippocrates called this disease " PHITHESIS" which means 'to dry of disease accelerated greatly'. It spread y inhaling tiny droplets of saliva from the cough or sneeze of an infected person. It is a slowly spreading chronic granulomatous bacterial infection, characterized by gradual weight loss. Tuberculosis is the world's second most common cause of death from infectious diseases after HIV/AIDS and COVID-19. I N T R O D U C T I O N
- 4. D E FI N I T I O N Tuberculosis is an infectious disease of the parenchyma of the lung caused y mycobacterium tuberculosis characterized y the formation of tubercle.
- 5. M A GN I T U D E O F T H E P R O B L E M • A total of 1.6 million people died from TB in 2021. • In 2021, an estimated 10.6 million people fell ill with tuberculosis worldwide. • In 2021,1.2 million children fell ill with tuberculosis globally
- 6. E P ID E M I O L O G I C A L T R I A D • The causative organism of tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. • There are 2 strains: The human strain is responsible for the vast majority of cases occurring among human beings and the bovine strain is responsible for infecting cattle and other animals. • The source of infection is human cases hose sputum is positive for tubercle bacilli and milk from infected animals. • Patients are infected as long as they remain untreated. CAUSATIVE AGENT
- 7. C O NT . . • Tuberculosis affects all ages and is more prevalent in males than females. HOST FACTORS
- 8. C O NT • Poor quality of life. • Poor housing conditions. • Overcrowding. • Population explosion. • Malnutrition • Lack of education and awareness • Large families. • Early marriages ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
- 9. • Transmitted mainlyby droplet nuclei generated by sputum-positive patients. • Ingestion of contaminated food and milk M O D E O F T R A N S M I S S I O N
- 10. • R an g e s b e t w e e n 3 - 6 w e e k s . INCUBATION PERIOD
- 11. CLINICAL FEATURES F e ve r We i g h t l o s s P e r s i s t e n t c o u g h
- 12. CONT.. C h es t p a i n H e m o p h y s i s N i g h t s w e a t s
- 13. CONT.. M u sc l e a t r o p h y A n o r e x i a F a t i g u e
- 14. LAB INVESTIGATION • M an t o u x t e s t • S p u t u m e x a m i n a t i o n • S p u t u m c u l t u r e • M a s s m i n i a t u r e r a d i o g r a p h y • C h e s t X - r a y
- 15. PREVENTION AND CONTROL • ca s e f i n d i n g • B C G v a c c i n a t i o n
- 16. CASE FINDING • E ar l y d e t e c t i o n o f a l l c a s e s . • F i n d i n g t h e s u s p e c t s .
- 17. • The screeningtest is conducted by injecting a tuberculin-purified protein derivative of 0.1 ml into the inner surface of the forearm. • A tuberculin syringe is used to administer this intradermal injection. • The injection will produce a pale elevation of the skin • The reaction of the skin test should be read within 48-72 hours of administration. MANTOUX TEST
- 18. It is advisedfor the person whose sputum smear is negative but has chest symptoms. • Sputum smears collected from suspected persons' should e collected early in the morning on 3 successive days. • The presence of at least 10,000 organisms per ml of sputum is considered TB positive. SPUTUM CULTURE SPUTUM EXAMINATION
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- 20. CHEMOTHE RAPY • F ir s t l i n e d r u g s • S e c o n d l i n e d r u g s A N T I - T U B E R C U L O S I S D R U G S A R E G R O U P E D I N T O 2
- 21. FIRST LINE DRUGS Bactericidaldrugs • Rifampcin:10-12mg/kg body • weight, orally • Isoniazid:4-5mg/kg body weight • Streptomycin:0.75-1g, injection • Pyrazinamide:30mg/kg body weight, tid/bid per day or 45- 30mg/kg body weight twice weekly
- 22. Bacteriostatic drugs • Ethambutol:15mg/kgbody weight, • Thioacetazone:2mg/kg body weight
- 23. S E CO N D L I N E D R U G S • Ethionamide • Prothionamide • Ofloxacin • Viomycin
- 24. SHORT COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY Rifampicinand Pyrazinamide to the anti-TB regimen and reduced the duration of treatment from 18 months to 6-8 months. 2 phases • Intensive phase • Continuation phase
- 25. D O T( D I R E C T LY O B S E RV E D T H E R A P Y Directly observed therapy is a short course and a program to help cure TB. DOT by definition means watching clients swallow each dose of anti-TB medications.
- 26. BCG stands forBacilli of Calmette and Guerin.There are two types of BCG vaccines. • Liquid dried • Freeze-dried. BCG VACCINATION
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