ESL Tropical Diseases: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

1. S Y M P T O M S A N D T R E A T M E N T
TROPICAL DISEASES &
ILLNESSES

2. HEPATITIS A & B

3. Symptoms
• Nausea & vomiting
• Fever
• Diarrhea
• Jaundice
Hepatitis A & B: General Information
• Viral infection of the liver
• A is caused by: fecal matter entering the body
through direct contact, food, and utensils
• B is caused by person-to-person contact
Prognosis & Treatment:
• May last several weeks, but most people recover
• Treatment is unspecified (rest & recovery)

4. TYPHOID FEVER

5. Symptoms
• Week 1: fever, headache, cough and bloody nose
• Week 2: high, fluctuating fever; delirium(calm-irritated
rose spots on chest & abdomen
• Week 3: high fever; intestinal bleeding; dehydration
delirium (picking at clothes; seeing objects)
* fever usually ends at the end of the 3rd week.
Typhoid Fever: General Information
• Bacterial infection of the liver
• Caused by fecal matter entering the body through
food or water
Prognosis & Treatment:
• Amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin; sometimes surgery

6. MALARIA

7. Symptoms
• Begin like flu-like symptoms
• Fever
• Chills & Sweating
• Headaches
• Fatigue
• Nausea & Vomiting
• Coughing
• Symptoms occur in a cycle (48hrs)
Malaria: General Information
• Caused by bite from a mosquito infected with a
• parasite
Prognosis & Treatment:
• Blood Test; Chloroquine; Doxycycline; Malarone

8. DENGUE FEVER

9. Symptoms
• Sudden, high fever
• Severe headache
• Pain behind the eyes
• Joint & Muscle pain
• Nausea & Vomiting
• Skin Rash
• Mild bleeding from nose and gums
• Easy bruising
Dengue Fever: General Information
• Caused by the bite of an Aedes mosquito infected
with the Dengue virus
• Symptoms begin 4-6 days after bitten; usually last 10
Prognosis & Treatment:
• no anti-viral treatment; lots of fluids and bed rest
• Avoid aspirin & anti-inflammatory drugs

10. JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS

11. Symptoms
• high fever
• headache
• diarrhea
• muscle pain
• Stiffness
• Paralysis of some body parts
Japanese E.: General Information
• Caused by the bite of a mosquito infected with the
virus usually from a bird or pig
• Occurs 5-15 days after bitten
Prognosis & Treatment:
• no anti-viral treatment

12. MENINGITIS

13. Symptoms
• General sick feeling
• Sudden high temperature
• Persistent headache
• neck stiffness
• nausea & vomiting
• confusion or mental changes
• Drowsiness
• Red/Purple skin rash
Meningitis.: General Information
• Caused by bacteria & virus
Prognosis & Treatment:
• Begin with antibiotics (penicillin or Ceftriaxone) by IV
• possible medication to reduce spinal fluid pressure

14. RABIES

15. Symptoms
• Fever,
• Cough
• Sore Throat
• Seizures
• Hallucinations
• Restlessness
• Stiff Body
Rabies.: General Information
• Viral infection that effects the Central Nervous System
caused by the bite of an infected animal
Prognosis & Treatment:
• A series of injections known as PEP (postexposure
prophylaxis)…. these shots help the body’s immune
system destroy the disease

16. TETANUS

17. Symptoms
• begins about 3 weeks after injury
• Stiffness of jaw and trouble swallowing
• Pain near the wound site
• Muscle Spasms (of face)
• causes a strained smile
Tetanus: General Information
• Starts from an injury or scratch; infection comes from
soil or fecal matter
Prognosis & Treatment:
• Chances of recovery is poor.
• Antibiotics are used for the wound
• Chlorpromazine or Diazepam = control muscles

18. INTESTINAL PARASITES

19. Symptoms
• Stomachache
• Chronic Fatigue
• Diarrhea
• Fever
• Dizziness
• Weakness
• Vomiting & Nausea
• Night sweats
• Hair loss
Intestinal Parasites: General Information
• When contaminated food or water contains organisms
that live in the intestins
Prognosis & Treatment:
• Anti-Parasitic drugs

20. CHOLERA

21. Symptoms
• Extreme dehydration
• Diarrhea & Vomiting
Cholera: General Information
• Infection in the small intestine caused by the cholera
bacteria
• Caused by eating dirty water or food with fecal matter
Prognosis & Treatment:
• Oral Rehydration Therapy
• IV Fluids
• Antibacterial drugs

22. TUBERCULOSIS (TB)

23. Symptoms
• Chronic cough
• Bloody cough
• night sweats
• weightless
• Loss of appetite
Tuberculosis: General Information
• Infectious disease (bacteria) that attacks the lungs
• Transmitted easily through body fluids
Prognosis & Treatment:
• TB can be active or latent in the body
• 4 primary medications:
• Isonizid (INH); rifampin (RIF); ethambutol (EMB)
pyrazinaminde (PZA)