TRIPS (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) is an international agreement that sets minimum standards for various forms of intellectual property regulation. It covers copyrights, trademarks, geographical indications, industrial designs, patents, layout designs of integrated circuits, and undisclosed information. The agreement requires countries to establish intellectual property protection systems and enforcement procedures. It also provides for dispute settlement procedures between member states. The agreement includes transitional arrangements and assistance for developing countries to implement stronger IP standards.
Trips Introduction
Basic principles of TRIPS
Types of Intellectual Property Rights (addressed in the TRIPS agreement)
Overview of the TRIPS agreement
Public policy implications
Provisions relating to developing countries
These are the slides for my presentation to the Menai Science Park Enterprise Hub on 30 June 2020.
This presentation explains what is meant by intellectual property and why it is important to business.
It considers different types of IP:
- patents
- trade marks
- registered designs
- copyrights and related rights,
I talked about related rights and how they can be obtained and rights that arise automatically,
I discussed enforcement and sources of further information including the Business and IP Centres at the British Library and Liverpool.
Finally, I mentioned the network of IP experts to assist M-SParc tenants and others in North Wales.
Some background information for a dialogue with Carwyn Edwards on copyright and ICT organized by North Wales Tech and North Wales Creative on 21 April 2021,
the slide include all aspects of IPR in india.
-Basics of IPR
-IPR regime in Indian Constitution
-procedure of application
-Current issues related to IPR
-India's Changing IPR and Effects
-Personalities of Indian IPR
Trips Introduction
Basic principles of TRIPS
Types of Intellectual Property Rights (addressed in the TRIPS agreement)
Overview of the TRIPS agreement
Public policy implications
Provisions relating to developing countries
These are the slides for my presentation to the Menai Science Park Enterprise Hub on 30 June 2020.
This presentation explains what is meant by intellectual property and why it is important to business.
It considers different types of IP:
- patents
- trade marks
- registered designs
- copyrights and related rights,
I talked about related rights and how they can be obtained and rights that arise automatically,
I discussed enforcement and sources of further information including the Business and IP Centres at the British Library and Liverpool.
Finally, I mentioned the network of IP experts to assist M-SParc tenants and others in North Wales.
Some background information for a dialogue with Carwyn Edwards on copyright and ICT organized by North Wales Tech and North Wales Creative on 21 April 2021,
the slide include all aspects of IPR in india.
-Basics of IPR
-IPR regime in Indian Constitution
-procedure of application
-Current issues related to IPR
-India's Changing IPR and Effects
-Personalities of Indian IPR
Intellectual Property: Introduction, Protection of Intellectual Property Copyright, Related Rights, Patents, Industrial Designs, Trademark, Unfair Competition
Information Technology Related Intellectual Property Rights Computer Software and Intellectual Property-Objective, Copyright Protection, Reproducing, Defences, Patent Protection. Database and Data Protection-Objective, Need for Protection, UK Data Protection Act, 1998, US Safe Harbor Principle, Enforcement. Protection of Semi-conductor Chips-Objectives Justification of protection, Criteria, Subject-matter of Protection, WIPO Treaty, TRIPs, SCPA. Domain Name Protection-Objectives, domain name and Intellectual Property, Registration of domain names, disputes under Intellectual Property Rights, Jurisdictional Issues, and International Perspective.
Patents (Ownership and Enforcement of Intellectual Property) Patents-Objectives, Rights, Assignments, Defences in case of Infringement Copyright-Objectives, Rights, Transfer of Copyright, work of employment Infringement, Defences for infringement Trademarks-Objectives, Rights, Protection of good will, Infringement, Passing off, Defences. Designs-Objectives, Rights, Assignments, Infringements, Defences of Design Infringement
Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights - Civil Remedies, Criminal Remedies, Border Security measures. Practical Aspects of Licencing – Benefits, Determinative factors, important clauses, licensing clauses.
Cyber Law: Basic Concepts of Technology and Law : Understanding the Technology of Internet, Scope of Cyber Laws, Cyber Jurisprudence Law of Digital Contracts : The Essence of Digital Contracts, The System of Digital Signatures, The Role and Function of Certifying Authorities, The Science of Cryptography Intellectual Property Issues in Cyber Space: Domain Names and Related issues, Copyright in the Digital Media, Patents in the Cyber World. Rights of Netizens and E-Governance : Privacy and Freedom Issues in the Cyber World, E-Governance, Cyber Crimes and Cyber Laws
Information Technology Act 2000 : Information Technology Act-2000-1 (Sec 1 to 13), Information Technology Act-2000-2 (Sec 14 to 42 and Certifying authority Rules), Information Technology Act-2000-3 (Sec 43 to 45 and Sec 65 to 78), Information Technology Act-2000-4(Sec 46 to Sec 64 and CRAT Rules), Information Technology Act-2000-5 (Sec 79 to 90), Information Technology Act-2000-6 ( Sec 91-94) Amendments in 2008.
Description
Intellectual property Rights(IPR) represents the latest in the long list of human created properties that need to be protected from other. Engineering institutions being hub of research and development activitiy have a huge potential create new intellectual property. Hence a basic understanding of themes and types of intellectual property is a must for every stake holder- faculty, student. researcher and R& D units. This presentation covers essentials of IPR and provides a general awareness on its provisions and prescriptions.
What do businesses need to know about Intellectual Property? This presentation covers the basics of Trade Secrets, Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights for entrepreneurs, business owners, freelancers, and creative professionals.
Business law : Intellectual property right: Patents, trademarks, geographical...Renzil D'cruz
Business law presentation on Patents, trademarks, geographical indications As a part of Intellectual property right With relevant provision of WTO also this Presentation covers case study on Apple vs Samsung case, Viagra Patent issue,Basamati rice, Darjeeling tea etc.
Intellectual Property: Introduction, Protection of Intellectual Property Copyright, Related Rights, Patents, Industrial Designs, Trademark, Unfair Competition
Information Technology Related Intellectual Property Rights Computer Software and Intellectual Property-Objective, Copyright Protection, Reproducing, Defences, Patent Protection. Database and Data Protection-Objective, Need for Protection, UK Data Protection Act, 1998, US Safe Harbor Principle, Enforcement. Protection of Semi-conductor Chips-Objectives Justification of protection, Criteria, Subject-matter of Protection, WIPO Treaty, TRIPs, SCPA. Domain Name Protection-Objectives, domain name and Intellectual Property, Registration of domain names, disputes under Intellectual Property Rights, Jurisdictional Issues, and International Perspective.
Patents (Ownership and Enforcement of Intellectual Property) Patents-Objectives, Rights, Assignments, Defences in case of Infringement Copyright-Objectives, Rights, Transfer of Copyright, work of employment Infringement, Defences for infringement Trademarks-Objectives, Rights, Protection of good will, Infringement, Passing off, Defences. Designs-Objectives, Rights, Assignments, Infringements, Defences of Design Infringement
Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights - Civil Remedies, Criminal Remedies, Border Security measures. Practical Aspects of Licencing – Benefits, Determinative factors, important clauses, licensing clauses.
Cyber Law: Basic Concepts of Technology and Law : Understanding the Technology of Internet, Scope of Cyber Laws, Cyber Jurisprudence Law of Digital Contracts : The Essence of Digital Contracts, The System of Digital Signatures, The Role and Function of Certifying Authorities, The Science of Cryptography Intellectual Property Issues in Cyber Space: Domain Names and Related issues, Copyright in the Digital Media, Patents in the Cyber World. Rights of Netizens and E-Governance : Privacy and Freedom Issues in the Cyber World, E-Governance, Cyber Crimes and Cyber Laws
Information Technology Act 2000 : Information Technology Act-2000-1 (Sec 1 to 13), Information Technology Act-2000-2 (Sec 14 to 42 and Certifying authority Rules), Information Technology Act-2000-3 (Sec 43 to 45 and Sec 65 to 78), Information Technology Act-2000-4(Sec 46 to Sec 64 and CRAT Rules), Information Technology Act-2000-5 (Sec 79 to 90), Information Technology Act-2000-6 ( Sec 91-94) Amendments in 2008.
Description
Intellectual property Rights(IPR) represents the latest in the long list of human created properties that need to be protected from other. Engineering institutions being hub of research and development activitiy have a huge potential create new intellectual property. Hence a basic understanding of themes and types of intellectual property is a must for every stake holder- faculty, student. researcher and R& D units. This presentation covers essentials of IPR and provides a general awareness on its provisions and prescriptions.
What do businesses need to know about Intellectual Property? This presentation covers the basics of Trade Secrets, Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights for entrepreneurs, business owners, freelancers, and creative professionals.
Business law : Intellectual property right: Patents, trademarks, geographical...Renzil D'cruz
Business law presentation on Patents, trademarks, geographical indications As a part of Intellectual property right With relevant provision of WTO also this Presentation covers case study on Apple vs Samsung case, Viagra Patent issue,Basamati rice, Darjeeling tea etc.
Introduction To Intellectual Property: Role of IP in the Economic and Cultural Development of the Society,
IP Governance, IP as a Global Indicator of Innovation, Origin of IP History of IP in India. Major Amendments in
IP Laws and Acts in India.
Patents: Conditions for Obtaining a Patent Protection, To Patent or Not to Patent an Invention. Rights
Associated with Patents. Enforcement of Patent Rights. Inventions Eligible for Patenting. Non-Patentable
Matters. Patent Infringements. Avoid Public Disclosure of an Invention before Patenting. Process of Patenting.
Prior Art Search. Choice of Application to be Filed. Patent Application Forms. Jurisdiction of Filing Patent
Application. Publication. Pre-grant Opposition. Examination. Grant of a Patent. Validity of Patent Protection.
Post-grant Opposition. Commercialization of a Patent. Need for a Patent Attorney/Agent. Can a Worldwide
Patent be Obtained. Do I Need First to File a Patent in India. Patent Related Forms. Fee Structure. Types of
Patent Applications. Commonly Used Terms in Patenting. National Bodies Dealing with Patent Affairs. Utility
Models.
Process of Patenting. Prior Art Search. Choice of Application to be Filed. Patent Application Forms.
Jurisdiction of Filing Patent Application. Publication. Pre-grant Opposition. Examination. Grant of a Patent.
Validity of Patent Protection. Post-grant Opposition. Commercialization of a Patent. Need for a Patent
Attorney/Agent. Can a Worldwide Patent be Obtained. Do I Need First to File a Patent in India. Patent Related
Forms. Fee Structure. Types of Patent Applications. Commonly Used Terms in Patenting. National Bodies
Dealing with Patent Affairs. Utility Models.
Intellectual Property Strategy Maximising value fr.docxvrickens
Intellectual Property
Strategy
Maximising value from IP
Intellectual Property Strategy
1
Intellectual Property Strategy - Where do I
start?
Regardless of the nature of your business, you will be using and creating intellectual property all the
time. This article helps you to decide where intellectual property should be on your list of priorities. It
also aims to help you develop a plan for your intellectual property by providing information about the
processes, time and costs involved in protecting intellectual property rights.
What is intellectual property?
Intellectual property is a collection of intangible property which can be protected by law. Intellectual
property rights entitle you to stop others from using your intellectual property. These rights can be
assigned from one owner to another, licensed and used as security for borrowing.
Who is entitled to intellectual property rights?
The first owner of the intellectual property rights in a work is usually the creator of the work. There is a
key exception to this general rule in that intellectual property rights in works created in the course of
employment usually belong to the employer.
How can I tell what intellectual property is important to my business?
Are inventions important to your business? See PATENTS
Are trade secrets or other confidential information (e.g. customer lists) important to your
business? See CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
Do you hope to draw in business by developing a brand or other distinctive “get-up”? See
TRADE MARKS
Will your company create valuable works such as software, documents, music, broadcast
or website content? See COPYRIGHT AND DATABASE RIGHTS
Is the appearance of your product important, for example, because it is a fashion item or
interior design piece? See DESIGNS
What do I have to do to protect my intellectual property?
Some rights arise automatically on creation of the work: these are copyright, database right, design
right, rights in passing off (see trade marks) and some rights in confidential information. Other rights
can only be obtained by application to the Intellectual Property Office (in the UK). Patents, registered
trade marks and registered designs fall into this category. Intellectual property rights are national
rights; you must ensure that your registrations cover all the countries where you want protection.
Intellectual Property Strategy
2
Intellectual Property - Patents
A patent is available to protect certain inventions. Some countries (excluding the UK) have a
secondary protection system of “utility models” for minor inventions (primarily mechanical
innovations). Whilst a patent application must disclose the invention fully, there is often secret know-
how associated with the invention, for example, how to optimise production of a patented product.
This know-how can be protected as confidential information.
What type of bus ...
intellectual property rights : An overview Lokesh Rajput
IPR define as the new invention, ideas, new logo design etc for preventing this intellectual rights this IPR would be secure and provide security for so period of time
Dr. S. MANIKANDAN, M.Sc., Ph.D.,
Lecturer in Botany
Thiruvalluvar University Model Constituent College,
Tittagudi 606 106, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email id: drgsmanikandan@gmail.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. 2
OuTlIne
Introduction
Basic principles of TRIPS
Types of Intellectual Property Rights (addressed in the
TRIPS agreement)
Overview of the TRIPS agreement
Public policy implications
Provisions relating to developing countries
Conclusion
prabha.reddy95@gmail.com
3. 3
InTROducTIOn
Brief history of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs).
Intellectual property rights are the rights given to
persons over the creations of their minds. They
usually give the creator an exclusive right over the
use of his/her creation for a certain period of time.
Linkage between Intellectual Property (IP) and trade:
broadly through following two premises:
(I) Widespread piracy, counterfeiting and infringements
of intellectual property rights constituted a barrier to
trade.
(II) IPRs transfer agreements.
prabha.reddy95@gmail.com
4. 4
ObjecTIveS
To reduce distortions and impediments to international
trade and take into account the need to promote competent
as well as adequate protection of IPRs.
To ensure that measures and procedures to enforce IPRs do
not themselves become barriers to legitimate trade.
To reduce tensions by reaching strengthened
commitment to resolve disputes on trade-related IP issues
through multilateral procedures.
To establish a mutually supportive relationship between
the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and World
Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO).
prabha.reddy95@gmail.com
5. 5
baSIc PRIncIPleS: naTIOnal
TReaTmenT and balanced
PROTecTIOn
Non-discrimination features prominently in TRIPS, similar
to GATT and GATS,by following principles of:
National Treatment (Article 3): Equal treatment for foreign
and domestic individuals and companies.
Most Favoured Nation (Article 4): Equal treatment for
nationals of all trading partners in the WTO.
TRIPS Agreement has additional important principle:
Intellectual property protection should contribute to
technical innovation and transfer of technology.
prabha.reddy95@gmail.com
6. TREATIES
There are 21 international treaties in the field of
intellectual property which are administered by wipo.
Treaties fall into 3 groups namely
Treaties, which establish international protection
Treaties, which facilitate international protection and
Treaties, which establish classification system.
1994 uruguay round- agreement on trade related aspects
of intellectual property rights and agreement on trade
related investment measures by WTO.
6prabha.reddy95@gmail.com
7. 7
Acquisition And mAintenAnce
of iP
Member countries must create office and operate
governmental offices for the acquisition and maintenance
of IPRs.
Procedures for granting and registration of IPR must be
reasonable.
Member country's law must provide for opposition,
revocation and cancellation.
Member country may adopt measures to protect public
health and the public interest.
prabha.reddy95@gmail.com
9. 9
tyPes of iPrs:
coPyright And relAted
rights
Copyrights protects the rights of authors of literary andCopyrights protects the rights of authors of literary and
artistic works.artistic works.
Copyright is an essential a negative right which preventsCopyright is an essential a negative right which prevents
others from making copies of the work of an author.others from making copies of the work of an author.
prabha.reddy95@gmail.com
10. exclusions fromexclusions from
PAtentAbilityPAtentAbility
Discoveries are not patentableDiscoveries are not patentable::
Einstein could not patent his celebrated law that E = mc^2;Einstein could not patent his celebrated law that E = mc^2;
nor could Newton have patented the law of gravity. Suchnor could Newton have patented the law of gravity. Such
discoveries are “manifestations of . . . nature, free to alldiscoveries are “manifestations of . . . nature, free to all
men and reserved exclusively to none”men and reserved exclusively to none”
Literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works.Literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works.
Schemes, rules, games, computer programs as such.Schemes, rules, games, computer programs as such.
Methods of medical treatment.Methods of medical treatment.
Contrary to public policy and moralityContrary to public policy and morality: Those which by: Those which by
publication or exploitation might result in offensive,publication or exploitation might result in offensive,
immoral or anti-social behavior. Current debate lifeimmoral or anti-social behavior. Current debate life
patents/GM Food.patents/GM Food.
Plant and animal varietiesPlant and animal varieties (in EU not in US).(in EU not in US).
prabha.reddy95@gmail.com 10
11. 11
trAdemArk
Trademark protects any word, name, logo or device
used to identify, distinguish or indicate the source of
goods or services.
Includes trade dress (the total image and overall
appearance of a product) and product configuration (the
shape if non functional).
The purpose is to safeguard the integrity of products and
to prevent product confusion and unfair competition.
The term of protection (initial registration and each
renewal of registration of a trademark shall be for a term
of no less than 7 years).
prabha.reddy95@gmail.com
12. 12
geogrAPhicAl indicAtions (gis)
GIs are denominations that identify a good as originating
in a region or locality, where the reputation and quality of
good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin
(for example: Darjeeling tea of India, Mysore silk, Coorg
honey)
prabha.reddy95@gmail.com
13. 13
IndustrIal desIgns
Protects the artistic aspect (namely, texture, pattern,
shape) of an object instead of the technical features.
The term of protection (amount to at least 10 years).
‘Amount to’ allow the term to be divided into two
periods (for example two periods of five year).
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14. 14
Patents
The TRIPS Agreement requires Member countries to
make patents available for any inventions, whether
products or processes, in all fields of technology without
discrimination, subject to novelty, inventiveness and
industrial applicability
Invention to be novel,useful and non-obvious.
The agreement allows countries to exclude inventions
from patentability on following grounds:
Inventions necessary ‘to protect ordre public or
morality; including to protect human, animal or plant life
or health or to avoid serious prejudice to the
environment…’
prabha.reddy95@gmail.com
15. 15
Continued..
Diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical methods for the
treatment of humans or animals
Plants and animals other than micro-organisms and
essentially biological processes for the production of
plants or animals other than non-biological and
microbiological processes
Limited Exceptions
Compulsory Licensing
The term of protection (for a period of 20 years counted
from the filing date)
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16. exclusIons fromexclusIons from
PatentabIlItyPatentabIlIty
Discoveries are not patentableDiscoveries are not patentable::
Einstein could not patent his celebrated law that E = mc^2;Einstein could not patent his celebrated law that E = mc^2;
nor could Newton have patented the law of gravity. Suchnor could Newton have patented the law of gravity. Such
discoveries are “manifestations of . . . nature, free to alldiscoveries are “manifestations of . . . nature, free to all
men and reserved exclusively to none”men and reserved exclusively to none”
Literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works.Literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works.
Schemes, rules, games, computer programs as such.Schemes, rules, games, computer programs as such.
Methods of medical treatment.Methods of medical treatment.
Contrary to public policy and moralityContrary to public policy and morality: Those which by: Those which by
publication or exploitation might result in offensive,publication or exploitation might result in offensive,
immoral or anti-social behavior. Current debate lifeimmoral or anti-social behavior. Current debate life
patents/GM Food.patents/GM Food.
Plant and animal varietiesPlant and animal varieties (in EU not in US).(in EU not in US).
prabha.reddy95@gmail.com 16
17. 17
layout-desIgns of Integrated
cIrcuIts and trade secrets
It refers to mask works (topographies) of the integrated
circuits, the stencils used to etch or encode an electrical
circuit on a semiconductor chip
Protection conferred to “original” layout-
design/topographies.
The term of protection (ten years form the date of first
commercial exploitation)
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18. 18
ProtectIon of undIsclosed
InformatIon
The protection must apply to information that is secret,
that has commercial value because it is secret and that has
been subject to reasonable steps to keep it secret
Trade secrets consist of formulae, patterns, process or
compilation of information. (for example the formula for
a sports drink)
In most countries, they are not subject to registration but
are protected through laws against unfair competition
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19. 19
Main feature of the
agreeMent
Standards: The agreement expresses minimum standards of
protection
(I) The subject matter to be protected
(II) The rights to be conferred and permissible exceptions
(III) The minimum period of protection
Enforcement
(I) Provisions for domestic procedure and remedies for the
enforcement of the IPRs
(II) Includes general principle applicable to IPR enforcement
procedure apart from administrative, civil and criminal
procedure available for enforcement of rights of the right
holder
Dispute settlement: The agreement further provides for the
settlement of disputes over IPR among the member states within the
parameters of dispute settlement procedure
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20. 20
Public Policy iMPlications
Benefits and costs of higher IP standards for developing
countries.
Protection of traditional knowledge and culture.
Biological diversity.
Health.
Food.
Investment and transfer of technology.
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21. 21
Provisions relating to
develoPing countries
Transitional arrangements.
Developed countries to provide
(I) Incentives for transfer of technology to Least
Developed Countries (LDCs).
(II) Technical assistance and financial support to
developing countries in preparing laws and
regulations on protection and enforcements of IPRs.
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22. 22
conclusion
Highly innovative agreement and remains the
most comprehensive international agreement on
intellectual property till date.
Overall it has worked well, however, it needs to
continue to implement wide ranging provisions
specially when it touches significant public policy
questions.
prabha.reddy95@gmail.com
1. Thus, this definition specifies that the quality, reputation or other characteristics of a good can each be a sufficient basis for eligibility as a geographical indication, where they are essentially attributable to the geographical origin of the good)
GIs aim at identifying and protecting products on the basis of their geographical location. They usually consist of the name of the place of origin. For instance, ‘Tuscany’ for olive oil produced in a specific area of Italy, ‘Darjeeling Tea’ for tea produced in the Darjeeling region of India.
Thus, this definition specifies that the quality, reputation or other characteristics of a good can each be a sufficient basis for eligibility as a geographical indication, where they are essentially attributable to the geographical origin of the good)
GIs aim at identifying and protecting products on the basis of their geographical location. They usually consist of the name of the place of origin. For instance, ‘Tuscany’ for olive oil produced in a specific area of Italy, ‘Darjeeling Tea’ for tea produced in the Darjeeling region of India.
1. This intellectual property right is applied to a wide variety of products of industry and handicrafts, for instance jewelry, watches
Both the product as well as the process of creating the product can be patented. For instance, if a person has invented an electric door lock, which is a new innovation, is functional and shows inventive skills, then it can be patented. If the product (lock) is patented, it is a product patent. If the process by which it was created is patented, it is a process patent.
2. One is for inventions contrary to ordre public or morality . this explicitly includes inventions dangerous to human, animal or plant life or health or seriously prejudicial to the environment. The use of this exception is subject to the condition that the commercial exploitation of the invention must also be prevented and this prevention must be necessary for the protection of ordre public or morality
The second exception is that Members may exclude from patentability diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical methods for the treatment of humans or animals (Article 27.3(a)
The third is that Members may exclude plants and animals other than micro-organisms and essentially biological processes for the production of plants or animals other than non-biological and microbiological processes.