This presentation introduces the concept, working principle, and applications of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which are devices that can harvest mechanical energy from various sources and convert it into electricity. The presentation consists of the following sections: 1. Introduction to TENGs 2. Triboelectric Effect 3. Triboelectric Series 4. Triboelectric Nanogenerator - Working 5. Different Modes In TENG 6. Applications 7. Advantages 8. Disadvantages 9. Future Prospects The presentation concludes with a summary of the main points and a list of references for further reading.

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3. Triboelectric nanogenerators
(TENGs) are devices that
convert mechanical energy
into electrical energy by using
the triboelectric effect.
Triboelectric nanogenerator
(TENG) was developed by
Zhong Lin Wang's group in
2012.
Small size electronics
operating at ultra low power
consumption can be
powered by energy
harvested from our living
environment.
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4. 1 It is a contact induced electrification.
Charges move from one material to the other to equalize their
electrochemical potential.
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Separation of materials can result in the production of triboelectric
charges on surfaces.
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Materials with strong triboelectrification effects are typically less
conductive or insulators.
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The transferred charges can be electrons or ions.
3
3

5. Positively Charged Negatively Charged
❖ Polyformaldehyde 1.3-1.4
❖ Etylcellulose
❖ Polyamide 11
❖ Wool
❖ Silk
❖ Aluminium
❖ Paper
❖ Steel
❖ Hard rubber
❖ Nickel, copper
❖ Sulphur
❖ Brass, silver
❖ Polyester (Dacron) (PET)
❖ Polyisobutylene
❖ Polychlorobutadiene
❖ Natural rubber
❖ Polyvinylidene chloride
(Saran)
❖ Polystyrene
❖ Polypropylene
❖ Polyimide (Kapton)
❖ Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
❖ Polytetrafluoroethylene
(Teflon)
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6. ➢ A TENG is made of two sheets of materials that have distinctly different triboelectric
characteristics with one easy to gain electrons and the other one easy to lose electrons.
➢ The working of TENG can be explained by the following chart :
1 2 3
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7. ➢ For TENG, increasing the charge generation can be achieved by
❖Selecting materials with larger difference in the ability to attract and retain
electrons.
❖Enlarging the contact area of materials.
❖Changing environmental conditions such as temperature and pressure.
➢ Different modes present in triboelectric nanogenerator are:
1. Vertical Contact-Separation Mode
2. Contact-Sliding Mode
3. Single-Electrode Mode
4. Freestanding Mode
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8. The Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) has four different modes, each designed to harness
mechanical energy from different types of movements and convert it into electricity:
• Two dissimilar dielectric films face with each other, and
there are electrode being deposited on the top and the
bottom surfaces of the stacked structure.
• Once the two surfaces are separated by a small gap
under the lifting of an external force, a potential drop is
created.
• Once the gap is closed, the triboelectric charge created
potential disappears, the electrons flow back.
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9. • The relative sliding in parallel to the surface also creates triboelectric charges on the two
surfaces.
• A lateral polarization is thus introduced along the sliding direction.
• A periodic sliding apart and closing generates an AC output.
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10. • Electrode on the bottom part of the TENG is grounded.
• Electron exchanges between the bottom electrode and the
ground.
• This energy harvesting strategy can be in both contact-
separation mode and lateral-sliding mode.
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11. • A pair of symmetric electrode underneath a dielectric layer.
• The object’s approaching to and/or departing from the
electrodes create an asymmetric charge distribution in the
media.
• It causes the electrons to flow between the two electrodes to
balance the local potential distribution.
• There will be no contact between dielectric material and
electrode.
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2
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3
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2
3
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• TENG converts ambient mechanical energy to electrical energy.
• TENG works on contact electrification and electrostatic induction mechanism.
• Energy conversion in TENG takes place by charge generation, charge separation, charge flow.
• Performance of TENG can be enhanced by surface modification of the material surface.
• TENG is used in self powered source for small and wearable devices.

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1. Zhou, L., Liu, D., Wang, J., & Wang, Z. L. Triboelectric nanogenerators: Fundamental physics and potential
applications. Friction, 8(3), 481-506 - June 2020.
2. A Review on Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs), IEEE Conference Paper, December 2021.
3. Triboelectric Nanogenerators as New Energy Technology for Self-Powered Systems, Second International
Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC), September 2021.
4. Recent advances in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) ACS Publications August 18, 2021.
5. Triboelectric Nanogenerators (Green Energy and Technology) by Zhong Lin Wang (Author), Long Lin
(Author), Jun Chen (Author), Simiao Niu (Author), Yunlong Zi (Author) 1st ed. 2016 Edition.

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