transports

1. transports
PRODROMOS ACHILLEOS
G 62

2. PAST

3. • Transport is the way in which things are carried from one place to the other.
Today, the sight of a man travelling to space is quite normal but it has taken a
long time for humankind to travel like this.
• Earliest humans had no fancy transport to travel. They used their legs.
Humans and animals walked to travel from one place to other. For faster
mode of transport, they used animals to carry things. However, this was a
slow process. But this went on for many years until some round and spiky
was discovered.
• A Wheel! The invention of wheel 5000 years ago changed the way people
traveled. Coaches drawn by horses were used. This increased the speed of
travel to 20 km an hour from a mere 7-8 km per hour. Wheeled carts
also meant that heavier loads could be transported over longer distances.
Travel became faster than before.

5. Roads
• Slowly the roads were improvised. Coaches or carts were pulled by using
pack animals – donkeys, oxens or horses. They were used to transport
goods and people. In 1886, a German inventor Karl Benz came up with the
idea of motor run wagons. A wagon that carried its own engine or motor
that made the wagon run faster and pulled more number of people. This
event is often known as the ‘birth of the modern automobile’. These wagons
were mainly constructed for the transport of people rather than goods.

7. • In 1900’s, The first commercial motor car ‘Model T Ford’ was made in
America. It was cheap and built in huge numbers. It could reach the speed of
64–72 km an hour. Today, the fastest running car is Ferrari.

9. Rail
• Why railways? Wasn’t road travel good enough? No. Not for the transport
of heavy goods in big quantities. Imagine you are living in 1800’s. If you had
to carry 2000 Kg of coal from one place to other, how would you have done
it? That’s when the concept of rail took birth. When wheels roll in the
grooves on a rail, they requires less energy to run and also run faster than the
road transport due to less friction. Thus, railroads became suitable for
carrying heavy goods and were faster. Slowly, people also began to travel as it
made travel cheaper and quicker. Earliest rails were known as ‘Wagonways’.

11. • The invention of steam engine gave a historic leap to the rail travel. The first
basic steam engine was developed by Thomas Newcomen. In 1781, James
Watt created a steam engine that produced continuous rotative motion. This
concept was applied in railway locomotives where steam produced from
water and coal fuelled the engine.

12. Water
• In primitive times, boats were developed to be used in rivers for fishing.
Egyptians made boats out of bundles of bound papyrus reeds. Then sail
were invented and they used the wind to move the ship. Sailing ships were
used to carry cargo for trade. Ships were also used in war. Later, Steam
engines made ships travel even faster.

15. Air
• the famous painter Leonardo da Vinci had conceived the idea of flying
machines, but never constructed them. Before aeroplanes came into being,
Montgolfier brothers invented the first hot air balloon. The first aeroplane
ever was built by two American brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright in 1903.
The plane called The Wright Flyer was the beginning of air travel.

17. Space
• Rocket technology is one of the most important inventions of the last hundred
years. It has given humans a way of travelling into space and discovering a whole
new world. The first human spaceflight was achieved with the Soviet space
program’s Vostok 1 mission in 1961. Yuri Gagarin was the first astronaut. Neil
Armstrong.
• So you can see that transportation means have also evolved with the human
civilization. And it would keep on doing so. Who knows in a few years from now,
going to Mars might be as easy as buying a metro ticket and hopping onto a
spacecraft.

19. PRESENT

20. AIR
• The aircraft is the second fastest method of transport, after the rocket.
Commercial jets can reach up to 955 kilometres per hour (593 mph), single-
engine aircraft 555 kilometres per hour (345 mph). Aviation is able to quickly
transport people and limited amounts of cargo over longer distances, but
incurs high costs and energy use; for short distances or in inaccessible places
helicopters can be used

23. Rail
• Intercity trains are long-haul services connecting cities modern
high-speed rail is capable of speeds up to 350 km/h (220 mph), but this
requires specially built track. Regional and commuter trains feed cities from
suburbs and surrounding areas, while intra-urban transport is performed by
high-capacity tramways and rapid transits, often making up the backbone of
a city's public transport. Freight trains traditionally used box cars, requiring
manual loading and unloading of the cargo. Since the 1960s, container trains
have become the dominant solution for general freight, while large
quantities of bulk are transported by dedicated trains.

25. ROAD
• The most common road vehicle is the automobile, a wheeled passenger vehicle that
carries its own motor. Other users of roads include buses, trucks, motorcycles,
bicycles and pedestrians. As of 2010, there were 1.015 billion automobiles worldwide.
Road transport offers a complete freedom to road users to transfer the vehicle from
one lane to the other and from one road to another according to the need and
convenience. This flexibility of changes in location, direction, speed, and timings of
travel is not available to other modes of transport. It is possible to provide door to
door service only by road transport.
• Automobiles provide high flexibility with low capacity, but require high energy and
area use, and are the main source of noise and air pollutionin cities; buses allow for
more efficient travel at the cost of reduced flexibility. Road transport by truck is often
the initial and final stage of freight transport.

28. WATER
• There are many types of water transport, including barges, ships,
ferries, tug boats, rigs and sailboats. Vessels used for water transport may
serve several purposes, but they are primarily used to move people and goods
across bodies of water such as oceans, lakes, canals and rivers. Water
transport ships vary widely in size and carrying capacity; some may seat two
or three people, while others carry large quantities of oil and other consumer
products.

29. • Water transport is commonly used by the maritime industry, which includes
several sub-categories.
• Freight and cargo transportation, passenger boats such as charters and
ferries, and commercial fishing are all categories within the maritime industry,
and rely on watercraft for water transportation.
• Some water vessels carry only people, and others transport primarily cargo,
while others transport both.
• Ferries, for instance, might carry people and luggage, possibly even cars, to
their destinations.
• Fishing boats bring fishermen and women out to open waters to fish, and
typically have storage capacity to bring back catch.

31. SPACE

32. • Rockets are the only means currently capable of reaching orbit or beyond. Other
non-rocket spacelaunch technologies have yet to be built, or remain short of orbital
speeds. A rocket launch for a spaceflight usually starts from a spaceport , which may be
equipped with launch complexes and launch pads for vertical rocket launches, and
runways for takeoff and landing of carrier airplanes and winged spacecraft. Spaceports
are situated well away from human habitation for noise and safety reasons. ICBMs have
various special launching facilities.
• A launch is often restricted to certain launch windows. These windows depend upon the
position of celestial bodies and orbits relative to the launch site. The biggest influence is
often the rotation of the Earth itself. Once launched, orbits are normally located within
relatively constant flat planes at a fixed angle to the axis of the Earth, and the Earth
rotates within this orbit.
• A launch pad is a fixed structure designed to dispatch airborne vehicles. It generally
consists of a launch tower and flame trench. It is surrounded by equipment used to
erect, fuel, and maintain launch vehicles.