This document defines terrorism and differentiates it from other forms of crime. It notes that terrorists often have specific political or social goals, state support, and operate across broader regions than regular criminals. The document then categorizes different types of terrorist groups such as separatist, ethnocentric, nationalistic, and religious groups. It also outlines categories of terrorism based on attacks, including state terrorism, religious terrorism, and issue-oriented terrorism. The goals and motivations of terrorists are discussed as including achieving autonomy, replacing secular law with religious law, and secondary motives like revenge, renown, and provoking a reaction.

1. TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
AND TERRORISM

2. WHAT IS TERRORISM?
 The FBI uses this definition:
"Terrorism is the unlawful use of force
and violence against persons or
property to intimidate or coerce a
government, the civilian population, or
any segment thereof, in furtherance of
political or social objectives."

3. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TERRORISM
FORM OTHER FORMS OF CRIME
 The terrorist is often well trained and
state-supported. He or she has a
specific goal in mind, often more
symbolic than opportunistic. On the
other hand, it is a fair statement that
the “ordinary” criminal is one who
seeks opportunistic targets, has little
backing, is selfish, lacks discipline and
may be deterred relatively easily.

4. cont.
 Criminals tend to hide after they commit
a crime, but terrorists often like to take
credit and bask in the media’s
propaganda. Another factor to consider
is the span of attacks of regular criminals
and terrorists. Most criminals operate
within the proximity of their hide out,
while most terrorists operate within entire
countries, and many of them, operate
internationally; with hideouts and safe
houses in many geographic regions.

5. CATEGORIES OF
TERRORIST GROUPS

6. Separatist
 Separatist groups are those with the
goal of separation from existing
entities through independence,
political autonomy, or religious
freedom or domination.

7. Ethnocentric
 Groups of this persuasion see race as
the defining characteristic of a society,
and therefore a basis of cohesion.
There is usually the attitude that a
particular group is superior because of
their inherent racial characteristics.

8. Nationalistic
 The loyalty and devotion to a nation,
and the national consciousness
derived from placing one nation's
culture and interests above those of
other nations or groups.

9. Revolutionary
 Dedicated to the overthrow of an
established order and replacing it with
a new political or social structure.
Although often associated
with communist political ideologies,
this is not always the case, and other
political movements can advocate
revolutionary methods to achieve their
goals.

10. Political
 Political ideologies are concerned with
the structure and organization of the
forms of government and
communities. While observers outside
terrorist organizations may stress
differences in political ideology, the
activities of groups that are
diametrically opposed on the political
spectrum are similar to each other in
practice.

11. Religious
 Religiously inspired terrorism is on the
rise, with a forty-three percent
increase of total international terror
groups espousing religious motivation
between 1980 and 1995. Religiously
motivated terrorists see their
objectives as holy writ, and therefore
infallible and non-negotiable.

12. Social
 Often particular social policies or
issues will be so contentious that they
will incite extremist behavior and
terrorism. Frequently this is referred to
as "single issue" or "special interest"
terrorism. Some issues that have
produced terrorist activities in the
United States and other countries
include animal rights, abortion,
ecology/environment, and minority
rights.

13. Domestic
 These terrorists are "home-grown"
and operate within and against their
home country. They are frequently tied
to extreme social or political factions
within a particular society, and focus
their efforts specifically on their
nation's socio-political arena.

14. International or Transnational
 Often describing the support and
operational reach of a group, these
terms are often loosely defined, and
can be applied to widely different
capabilities. International
groups typically operate in multiple
countries, but retain a geographic
focus for their activities.

15. TYPES OF TERRORISM
ACCORDING TO
ATTACKS

16. State Terrorism

17.  State terrorism is the systematic use
of terror by a government in order to
control its population. Not to be
confused with state sponsored
terrorism, where states sponsor
terrorist groups, state terrorism is
entirely carried out by the group
holding power in a country and not a
non-governmental organization. It is
the original form of terrorism.

18. Religious Terrorism

19.  Terrorism can be motivated by
religious ideologies and grievances.
Religious terrorism is particularly
dangerous due to the fanaticism of
those who practice it and their
willingness to sacrifice themselves for
the cause.

20. Right Wing Terrorism

21.  This type of terrorism aims to combat
liberal governments and preserve
traditional social orders. Right Wing
terrorism is commonly characterized
by militias and gangs; many times
these groups are racially motivated
and aim to marginalize minorities
within a state.

22. Left Wing Terrorism

23.  These groups seek to overthrow
capitalist democracies and establish
socialist or communist governments in
their place. They want to attack the
established system in order to do
away with class distinction.

24. Pathological Terrorism

25.  This describes the use of terrorism by
individuals who utilize such strategies
for the sheer joy of terrorizing others.
Pathological terrorists often operate
alone rather in groups like the others
on this list and often are not true
‘terrorists’ as they lack any well-
defined political motive.

26. Issue Oriented Terrorism

27.  This type of terrorism is carried out for
the purpose of advancing a specific
issue. Commonly these issues are
social in nature or deal with the
environment. Here this definition is
used to include environmental
terrorism.

28. Separatist Terrorism

29.  Separatists seek to cause
fragmentation within a country and
establishment a new state. This type
of terrorism is typical of minorities
within a nation-state that desire their
own, commonly due to discrimination
from the majority group.

30. Narco-Terrorism

31.  This term originally refers to
organizations that gain funds through
the sale of drugs. It can also deal with
the use of violence by those groups or
gangs designed to make the sale of
their drugs easier.

32. GOALS AND
MOTIVATIONS OF
TERRORISTS

33. Terrorists primary motives
 Primary motives include the
achievement of autonomy or
secession by nationalist groups or the
replacement of secular law with
religious law by religious groups.
Primary motives are generally not
common across all groups

34. Secondary motives
 The three R's
◦ Revenge
 Terrorists see themselves as playing David to
the state's Goliath; see state as the aggressor
◦ Renown
 Publicity is a central objective, but also glory for
the individual and the cause
◦ Reaction
 Terrorist attacks demonstrate the existence of a
resistance and its strength