Traits offer an alternative solution to inheritance that is particularly suited to class-less languages like Javascript. With this approach, the aspects of instance generation and units of reuse are clearly separated while providing methods of composition that are functionally similar to multiple inheritance. Troublesome multiple inheritance issues like the diamond problems are avoided by keeping traits stateless. Any state must be stored in the instance that inherits from the trait.
This document provides an introduction to the Clojure programming language. It discusses Clojure's roots in functional programming concepts like lambda calculus. It also covers Clojure's features like being dynamically typed, Java interoperability, immutability, and support for concurrency through mechanisms like atoms, refs, agents, and vars. The document is presented by Renzo Borgatti and provides an overview of Clojure along with examples to demonstrate its capabilities.
The document summarizes a presentation on Ruby and Ruby on Rails. It introduces Ruby as a dynamic, object-oriented scripting language similar to Smalltalk and Perl. It then discusses Ruby on Rails, describing it as a "kitchen sink" model-view-controller web application framework built with Ruby. Key aspects of Rails like ActiveRecord, views, and controllers are briefly explained.
The document summarizes a presentation on Ruby on Rails given by Obie Fernandez. It introduces Ruby and Rails, discussing their object-oriented nature, conventions, and tools. It highlights Rails' productivity gains through conventions and generators. Challenges discussed include a learning curve and limited IDE support. The document concludes Rails is ready for many applications but not all, and the right developer attitude is important.
Java is an object-oriented programming language initially developed by Sun Microsystems. It is platform independent because the Java code is compiled into bytecode, which can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Java is considered more secure than other languages because it does not use pointers, handles memory allocation automatically through garbage collection, and catches errors at compile-time. The key differences between C and Java are that Java does not support pointers, global variables, or preprocessor directives and it has automatic memory management and strict object-oriented approach.
This document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java including classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and interfaces. It defines key terms like class, object, inheritance, and encapsulation. It explains that a class acts as a template that defines common attributes and behaviors of objects. Inheritance allows subclasses to extend and specialize the behaviors of parent classes. Encapsulation separates an object's internal state from its external interface. The document also covers other concepts like polymorphism, abstraction, and interfaces.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language, including its basic syntax, data types, variables, operators, and more. It explains that Java is an object-oriented language originally developed by Sun Microsystems. The document then covers Java environments, basic program structure, identifiers, modifiers, variables, arrays, enums, keywords, comments, data types, literals, access modifiers, and operators.
The document summarizes key concepts in Ruby including expressions, operators, literals, variables, constants, method invocations, assignments, and parallel assignments. Expressions can be combined with operators and evaluated to produce values. Variables, constants, literals, and keywords also evaluate to values that can be used in expressions. Methods are invoked by sending messages to objects and can accept arguments. Assignments are used to set values to variables, attributes, and array elements. Parallel assignments allow setting multiple variables at once.
This document provides an introduction to the Clojure programming language. It discusses Clojure's roots in functional programming concepts like lambda calculus. It also covers Clojure's features like being dynamically typed, Java interoperability, immutability, and support for concurrency through mechanisms like atoms, refs, agents, and vars. The document is presented by Renzo Borgatti and provides an overview of Clojure along with examples to demonstrate its capabilities.
The document summarizes a presentation on Ruby and Ruby on Rails. It introduces Ruby as a dynamic, object-oriented scripting language similar to Smalltalk and Perl. It then discusses Ruby on Rails, describing it as a "kitchen sink" model-view-controller web application framework built with Ruby. Key aspects of Rails like ActiveRecord, views, and controllers are briefly explained.
The document summarizes a presentation on Ruby on Rails given by Obie Fernandez. It introduces Ruby and Rails, discussing their object-oriented nature, conventions, and tools. It highlights Rails' productivity gains through conventions and generators. Challenges discussed include a learning curve and limited IDE support. The document concludes Rails is ready for many applications but not all, and the right developer attitude is important.
Java is an object-oriented programming language initially developed by Sun Microsystems. It is platform independent because the Java code is compiled into bytecode, which can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Java is considered more secure than other languages because it does not use pointers, handles memory allocation automatically through garbage collection, and catches errors at compile-time. The key differences between C and Java are that Java does not support pointers, global variables, or preprocessor directives and it has automatic memory management and strict object-oriented approach.
This document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java including classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and interfaces. It defines key terms like class, object, inheritance, and encapsulation. It explains that a class acts as a template that defines common attributes and behaviors of objects. Inheritance allows subclasses to extend and specialize the behaviors of parent classes. Encapsulation separates an object's internal state from its external interface. The document also covers other concepts like polymorphism, abstraction, and interfaces.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language, including its basic syntax, data types, variables, operators, and more. It explains that Java is an object-oriented language originally developed by Sun Microsystems. The document then covers Java environments, basic program structure, identifiers, modifiers, variables, arrays, enums, keywords, comments, data types, literals, access modifiers, and operators.
The document summarizes key concepts in Ruby including expressions, operators, literals, variables, constants, method invocations, assignments, and parallel assignments. Expressions can be combined with operators and evaluated to produce values. Variables, constants, literals, and keywords also evaluate to values that can be used in expressions. Methods are invoked by sending messages to objects and can accept arguments. Assignments are used to set values to variables, attributes, and array elements. Parallel assignments allow setting multiple variables at once.
Clojure - An Introduction for Lisp Programmerselliando dias
Clojure is a dynamic programming language for the JVM that is Lisp-based and emphasizes functional programming with an emphasis on immutability and built-in support for concurrency. It was designed to expose and embrace the capabilities of the JVM platform while also addressing limitations of other Lisps like Common Lisp and Scheme.
Java is an object-oriented programming language that can be used to create complete applications. It is simple, secure, platform independent and follows the principle of "write once, run anywhere". The key components of Java are the JDK, JRE, and JVM. Java source code is compiled to bytecode, which is then executed by the JVM. Java supports basic data types as well as object-oriented features like classes, objects, inheritance and polymorphism. Common constructs in Java include if/else statements, loops, methods, and arrays. Objects are created using the new keyword and referencing a class.
- Pebble was founded in 2011 and launched its first smartwatch in 2013 through a record breaking Kickstarter campaign. It has since launched additional models.
- There are two types of Pebble apps: PebbleFace apps developed using C SDK and PebbleApp apps developed using JavaScript. CloudPebble is an online IDE for developing PebbleFace apps without installing any software.
- Pebble apps utilize services like Bluetooth, battery, and time to respond to device events and update their UI. Common elements include windows, layers, and text layers. Buttons can be configured to handle click events.
This document provides an overview of Java Beans. It defines Java Beans as reusable software components that extend the power of Java by enabling objects to be manipulated visually at design time. The key points covered include: Java Beans specifications which define requirements like having public no-arg constructors and implementing Serializable; getter and setter methods for accessing bean properties; event models for handling bean events; and steps for creating a basic Java Bean component and packaging it in a JAR file.
This ppt describes basics of scala upto collections covering both object oriented and functional programming concepts of the language.
References:Scala cookbook
Talk from ESUG18
Pavel Krivanek (pavel.krivanek@gmail.com)
Abstract: In this talk, I will present and demonstrate the new infrastructure that Moose provides for building of custom meta-models of programming languages. I will describe the reasons why we replaced the FAMIX meta-model and show how we use the new Pharo features as stateful traits, slots and Ring meta-model to implement it.
Bio: Pavel Krivanek is a software engineer at Inria Nord Europe in (http://rmod.lille.inria.fr) RMoD team. He actively participates in the Pharo open source community with the primary focus on Pharo modularization, bootstrapping and cleaning. Currently, he works on the new meta-modelling infrastructure of the Moose platform.
This document provides an introduction to the Clojure programming language. It discusses Clojure's four main aspects: functional programming, its basis in Lisp, running on the Java Virtual Machine, and support for concurrency. It provides examples and explanations of Clojure's functional style, homoiconic Lisp syntax, interoperability with Java, and approaches for managing concurrent state through vars, refs, atoms and agents. It also recommends tools for getting started with Clojure and links to additional learning resources.
The document summarizes upcoming features and enhancements in Java 8, including project Jigsaw for modules, the Nashorn JavaScript engine, JVM convergence between HotSpot and JRockit, lambda expressions, and functional updates to core Java collections. It also discusses design decisions around lambda translation using invokedynamic and the benefits this approach provides.
Functional programming in Java 8 allows for:
1) The use of lambda expressions and streams for a more declarative programming style without iteration.
2) Functional interfaces like Function, Predicate, and Consumer along with lambda expressions enable function composition and chaining.
3) Features like immutable collections help reduce mutability and side effects, important aspects of functional programming.
The document discusses JavaScript, including its history and differences from Java. It describes JavaScript's uses in modifying HTML documents dynamically and embedding it in HTML. The document outlines JavaScript's object-based nature, primitive data types, variables, operators, and functions. It provides examples of numeric, string, and boolean literals as well as type conversions.
Introduction to functional idioms in Java 8, language-extending functional libraries and short overview of reasons for adoption of such programming style.
Examples and snippets available here: https://github.com/lbialy/functionaljava8
The document provides an overview of Objective-C programming concepts including preprocessors, pointers, and object-oriented programming. It discusses preprocessor directives like #import and #define. It explains pointers and how they store memory addresses. It describes object-oriented programming concepts like classes, encapsulation, inheritance, properties, and methods. It discusses how these concepts are implemented in Objective-C, including defining classes with interface and implementation files, and creating class and instance methods.
This presentation will introduce you to programming languages that support different programming paradigms and to give you the knowledge of basic concepts and techniques that will allow them to differentiate between various programming paradigms.
The document provides an introduction to Java 8 streams. It discusses intermediate and terminal stream operations such as filter(), sorted(), forEach(), and reduce(). It describes reductions like max(), min(), sum(), count(), and average(). It covers find methods, match methods, and Optional. It also discusses limiting, skipping, and distinct elements in streams.
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB5) measures five factors of cognitive ability: Fluid Reasoning, Knowledge, Quantitative Reasoning, Visual-Spatial Processing, and Working Memory. It is an individually administered assessment for ages 2 to 85+ years. Administration takes approximately 5 minutes per subtest. The test measures both nonverbal and verbal domains of Fluid Reasoning. Nonverbal tasks include object series/matrices puzzles while verbal tasks involve early reasoning and verbal analogies questions.
This document discusses different theories of personality traits. It describes trait theories proposed by Allport, Eysenck, Cattell, and the Big Five model. Allport defined traits as stable neuropsychic structures that influence behavior consistently across situations. Eysenck distinguished between traits and types, with types comprising sets of correlated traits. Cattell proposed surface and source traits. The Big Five model describes the five broad traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and Openness.
The psychoanalytic theory views personality as being influenced by unconscious motivations and conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. It uses projective tests like the Rorschach inkblots and Thematic Apperception Test to assess the unconscious. The trait theory measures consistent patterns of behavior through self-report personality inventories like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. The first trait theory proposed two main personality factors: introversion-extraversion and melancholic-choleric.
Raymond Cattell was a British-American psychologist known for developing the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) and making significant contributions to trait theory. He used factor analysis to identify common traits that underlie human personality. Cattell viewed personality as a complex structure of traits, including surface traits, source traits, temperament, motivation, and abilities. He developed questionnaires and tests to measure these traits, which helped classify personalities and find the best person-job fit. Cattell's work significantly influenced the field of psychology and he is considered one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century.
Positive feelings come from being honest about yourself and accepting your personality, and physical characteristics, warts and all; and, from belonging to a family that accepts you without question.
Willard Scott
Clojure - An Introduction for Lisp Programmerselliando dias
Clojure is a dynamic programming language for the JVM that is Lisp-based and emphasizes functional programming with an emphasis on immutability and built-in support for concurrency. It was designed to expose and embrace the capabilities of the JVM platform while also addressing limitations of other Lisps like Common Lisp and Scheme.
Java is an object-oriented programming language that can be used to create complete applications. It is simple, secure, platform independent and follows the principle of "write once, run anywhere". The key components of Java are the JDK, JRE, and JVM. Java source code is compiled to bytecode, which is then executed by the JVM. Java supports basic data types as well as object-oriented features like classes, objects, inheritance and polymorphism. Common constructs in Java include if/else statements, loops, methods, and arrays. Objects are created using the new keyword and referencing a class.
- Pebble was founded in 2011 and launched its first smartwatch in 2013 through a record breaking Kickstarter campaign. It has since launched additional models.
- There are two types of Pebble apps: PebbleFace apps developed using C SDK and PebbleApp apps developed using JavaScript. CloudPebble is an online IDE for developing PebbleFace apps without installing any software.
- Pebble apps utilize services like Bluetooth, battery, and time to respond to device events and update their UI. Common elements include windows, layers, and text layers. Buttons can be configured to handle click events.
This document provides an overview of Java Beans. It defines Java Beans as reusable software components that extend the power of Java by enabling objects to be manipulated visually at design time. The key points covered include: Java Beans specifications which define requirements like having public no-arg constructors and implementing Serializable; getter and setter methods for accessing bean properties; event models for handling bean events; and steps for creating a basic Java Bean component and packaging it in a JAR file.
This ppt describes basics of scala upto collections covering both object oriented and functional programming concepts of the language.
References:Scala cookbook
Talk from ESUG18
Pavel Krivanek (pavel.krivanek@gmail.com)
Abstract: In this talk, I will present and demonstrate the new infrastructure that Moose provides for building of custom meta-models of programming languages. I will describe the reasons why we replaced the FAMIX meta-model and show how we use the new Pharo features as stateful traits, slots and Ring meta-model to implement it.
Bio: Pavel Krivanek is a software engineer at Inria Nord Europe in (http://rmod.lille.inria.fr) RMoD team. He actively participates in the Pharo open source community with the primary focus on Pharo modularization, bootstrapping and cleaning. Currently, he works on the new meta-modelling infrastructure of the Moose platform.
This document provides an introduction to the Clojure programming language. It discusses Clojure's four main aspects: functional programming, its basis in Lisp, running on the Java Virtual Machine, and support for concurrency. It provides examples and explanations of Clojure's functional style, homoiconic Lisp syntax, interoperability with Java, and approaches for managing concurrent state through vars, refs, atoms and agents. It also recommends tools for getting started with Clojure and links to additional learning resources.
The document summarizes upcoming features and enhancements in Java 8, including project Jigsaw for modules, the Nashorn JavaScript engine, JVM convergence between HotSpot and JRockit, lambda expressions, and functional updates to core Java collections. It also discusses design decisions around lambda translation using invokedynamic and the benefits this approach provides.
Functional programming in Java 8 allows for:
1) The use of lambda expressions and streams for a more declarative programming style without iteration.
2) Functional interfaces like Function, Predicate, and Consumer along with lambda expressions enable function composition and chaining.
3) Features like immutable collections help reduce mutability and side effects, important aspects of functional programming.
The document discusses JavaScript, including its history and differences from Java. It describes JavaScript's uses in modifying HTML documents dynamically and embedding it in HTML. The document outlines JavaScript's object-based nature, primitive data types, variables, operators, and functions. It provides examples of numeric, string, and boolean literals as well as type conversions.
Introduction to functional idioms in Java 8, language-extending functional libraries and short overview of reasons for adoption of such programming style.
Examples and snippets available here: https://github.com/lbialy/functionaljava8
The document provides an overview of Objective-C programming concepts including preprocessors, pointers, and object-oriented programming. It discusses preprocessor directives like #import and #define. It explains pointers and how they store memory addresses. It describes object-oriented programming concepts like classes, encapsulation, inheritance, properties, and methods. It discusses how these concepts are implemented in Objective-C, including defining classes with interface and implementation files, and creating class and instance methods.
This presentation will introduce you to programming languages that support different programming paradigms and to give you the knowledge of basic concepts and techniques that will allow them to differentiate between various programming paradigms.
The document provides an introduction to Java 8 streams. It discusses intermediate and terminal stream operations such as filter(), sorted(), forEach(), and reduce(). It describes reductions like max(), min(), sum(), count(), and average(). It covers find methods, match methods, and Optional. It also discusses limiting, skipping, and distinct elements in streams.
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB5) measures five factors of cognitive ability: Fluid Reasoning, Knowledge, Quantitative Reasoning, Visual-Spatial Processing, and Working Memory. It is an individually administered assessment for ages 2 to 85+ years. Administration takes approximately 5 minutes per subtest. The test measures both nonverbal and verbal domains of Fluid Reasoning. Nonverbal tasks include object series/matrices puzzles while verbal tasks involve early reasoning and verbal analogies questions.
This document discusses different theories of personality traits. It describes trait theories proposed by Allport, Eysenck, Cattell, and the Big Five model. Allport defined traits as stable neuropsychic structures that influence behavior consistently across situations. Eysenck distinguished between traits and types, with types comprising sets of correlated traits. Cattell proposed surface and source traits. The Big Five model describes the five broad traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and Openness.
The psychoanalytic theory views personality as being influenced by unconscious motivations and conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. It uses projective tests like the Rorschach inkblots and Thematic Apperception Test to assess the unconscious. The trait theory measures consistent patterns of behavior through self-report personality inventories like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. The first trait theory proposed two main personality factors: introversion-extraversion and melancholic-choleric.
Raymond Cattell was a British-American psychologist known for developing the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) and making significant contributions to trait theory. He used factor analysis to identify common traits that underlie human personality. Cattell viewed personality as a complex structure of traits, including surface traits, source traits, temperament, motivation, and abilities. He developed questionnaires and tests to measure these traits, which helped classify personalities and find the best person-job fit. Cattell's work significantly influenced the field of psychology and he is considered one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century.
Positive feelings come from being honest about yourself and accepting your personality, and physical characteristics, warts and all; and, from belonging to a family that accepts you without question.
Willard Scott
Organizational Behavior Chapter 4 Personality and ValuesDr. John V. Padua
This document summarizes a chapter about personality and values from an organizational behavior textbook. It defines personality and describes how it is measured. It discusses two frameworks for assessing personality: the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Big Five model. It also covers other personality traits, values, value systems, frameworks for assessing cultural values, and implications for managers regarding personality and values.
This document discusses various methods for measuring personality, including clinical methods relying on direct observation, psychometric methods using self-report tests, and experimental techniques. It describes personality tests and inventories that ask set questions, as well as projective techniques where ambiguous stimuli are presented to reveal unconscious aspects of personality. Specific projective methods mentioned include the Rorschach inkblot test, Thematic Apperception Test, and other picture tests. The document provides an overview of approaches to quantitatively and qualitatively assessing personality traits.
The document discusses several major theories of personality including Allport's trait theory, Cattell's 16 personality factors, Eysenck's three-factor model of personality, and the Big Five model of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. It also covers concepts like traits, types, the proprium, temperament, intelligence, psychometrics, and the assessment of normal and abnormal personality functioning. The theories aim to describe personality using traits, factors, or dimensions that can be measured and are influenced by both hereditary and environmental factors.
Gordon Allport developed one of the earliest theories of personality traits. He focused on the uniqueness of each individual and how their traits are shaped by present contexts rather than past history. Allport identified three levels of traits: cardinal traits that dominate a person's behavior, central traits that describe basic characteristics found in most people, and secondary traits that only appear in certain situations. Allport developed a list of over 4,500 trait words and believed traits could be observed and used to distinguish individuals' personalities.
Closures allow blocks of code to access variables from the enclosing scope even after the scope has closed. This allows closures to maintain state even when passed around or returned from functions. Closures originated in Lisp and are supported in many modern languages like Python, Ruby, and C#, providing benefits like elegant iteration, filtering, and caching of results. While objects can also be used to inject strategy or share state, closures provide a more concise syntax and avoid wrapper classes in many cases.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts. It defines key OOP terms like class, object, instance, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, interface, abstract, type hinting and namespaces. It explains the differences between OOP and procedural or functional programming approaches. It also provides examples to illustrate classes, objects, inheritance, interfaces, abstract classes, type casting and hinting, and namespaces. The document concludes by suggesting further resources for strengthening OOP skills.
Object-oriented Design: Polymorphism via Inheritance (vs. Delegation)Adair Dingle
This document discusses object-oriented design principles regarding inheritance versus delegation for polymorphism. It covers key observations on how inheritance and delegation can both provide polymorphism. It also discusses different types of polymorphism including overloading, generics, and subtyping. The document provides examples of overloaded functions and how static versus dynamic binding works. It concludes with discussions on binding design choices in different programming languages.
- Object-oriented programming (OOP) refers to the creation of reusable software objects/classes that can be efficiently developed and incorporated into multiple programs. An OOP program consists of interacting objects that solve a task.
- Classes define objects of the same type through data members (properties) and methods. Objects are instances of classes that can inherit properties and behaviors from parent classes.
- OOP principles like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism help manage complexity through modularization and reuse when building large PHP programs.
PHP is an open-source scripting language that is commonly used for web development. It stands for Hypertext Preprocessor. PHP is free, platform independent, has great documentation and a large active community. It is also easy to learn with a simple syntax and many tutorials available. PHP supports object-oriented programming which treats functions and data as objects. Key concepts of OOP in PHP include classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation and class properties/methods. Git and GitHub can be used for version control and collaboration on PHP projects.
The document summarizes many of the new features introduced in PHP 5, including an overhauled object model with reference handling, visibility, constructors and destructors. It also discusses the Standard PHP Library (SPL) which provides classes and interfaces to solve common problems. New functions, extensions and other language improvements like type hinting and exceptions are covered. The presentation encourages developers to adopt PHP 5 features for improved object oriented programming.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including abstraction, encapsulation, classes, objects, methods, constructors, inheritance, polymorphism, and interfaces. It explains that classes act as blueprints for objects, describing their data and behaviors. Objects are instances of classes that have state stored in attributes and behaviors defined by methods. Key features of OOP like inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism are discussed at a high level.
INDUMATHY- UNIT 1 cs3391 oops introduction to oop and java.pptxIndu65
This document provides an introduction to Java programming language and some of its core concepts. It discusses:
- The origins and features of Java like being architecture neutral, robust, multithreaded, object-oriented, platform independent, simple and secure.
- Basic Java syntax including classes, objects, methods, and variables.
- Key object-oriented programming concepts in Java like encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and abstraction.
- Examples of basic Java programs and code snippets demonstrating classes, objects, methods, variables and data types.
- Common programming structures in Java like control statements, operators, and constructors.
Function-and-prototype defined classes in JavaScriptHong Langford
Objects and prototypes; Student-Grade example; this keyword; Constructor function; How does the new operator work in JavaScript; Inheritance with the prototype chain; The instanceof operator in JavaScript
Object oriented programming uses concepts like encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism to create robust and secure code. The key concepts are:
1. Encapsulation and data abstraction which group data and functions that work on that data.
2. Inheritance allows code reusability through parent-child class relationships in multilevel and multiple inheritance.
3. Polymorphism enables one interface and different actions through inheritance.
This document provides an overview of Java basics, including:
- Java is an object-oriented programming language and platform that allows code to run on many systems.
- Java code is compiled to bytecode that runs on a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
- Key Java technologies include the JVM, Java Runtime Environment (JRE), and Java Software Development Kit (SDK).
- Java supports object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, interfaces, and polymorphism.
- The document outlines language syntax rules and concepts like variables, methods, and access modifiers.
This document discusses using Groovy to create domain-specific languages (DSLs). It explains that DSLs use specialized syntax and grammar to interact with a specific domain. Groovy is well-suited for building DSLs through features like builders, categories, meta-object protocol (MOP), and abstract syntax tree (AST) transformations. Builders allow hierarchical structures to be defined concisely. Categories extend functionality without inheritance. MOP allows dynamic methods and properties. AST transformations hook into the compilation process. The document provides examples of each technique and describes a case study of a Groovy DSL called Grint for integration patterns.
This document provides an overview of test automation using Selenium. It discusses reasons to automate testing such as supporting regression testing and finding defects missed by manual testing. It also discusses when not to automate, such as when an application's behavior is unstable. The document then covers the Selenium framework, its components like Selenium IDE and WebDriver, and languages it supports like Java. It also discusses concepts in object-oriented programming relevant to test automation like classes, objects, inheritance and more.
JVM is the abstract machine that executes Java bytecode. JRE provides the runtime environment and implements the JVM. JDK includes JRE plus development tools.
The JVM loads class bytecode into memory areas like the method area and heap. Each thread gets its own stack for method calls.
Core OOP concepts in Java include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. Access modifiers control visibility. Methods can be overloaded or overridden. Classes and variables can be marked as final, abstract, or static.
Java supports primitive types and reference types. Reference variables point to objects in memory rather than containing values. Primitive types are passed by value while references are passed by reference.
Friend functions allow non-member functions to access private and protected members of a class. Inline functions avoid function call overhead by copying the code into the calling function. The this pointer is an implicit parameter that provides access to the object from within member functions. Static members exist only once per class rather than for each object. Inheritance allows classes to inherit attributes and behaviors from other classes in a hierarchy. Polymorphism allows functions to take different implementations based on the runtime type of an object. Encapsulation binds data and functions that operate on that data together within a class to hide implementation details.
Traits: A New Language Feature for PHP?Stefan Marr
The document discusses traits, a language feature that allows code reuse and composition. It describes traits as sets of methods that can be composed together without order. Several case studies are presented that demonstrate how traits reduced code duplication and improved code organization. The document also discusses different approaches to implementing traits in PHP, including traits and grafts, and debates the advantages and limitations of each. It concludes by discussing how traits allow achieving consistent class hierarchies while avoiding code duplication and enhancing class composition capabilities.
ITT 202 PRINCIPLES OF OBJECT ORIENTED TECHNIQUEVinishA23
The document discusses various object-oriented programming concepts in Java:
1. Objects are instances of classes that contain both data and functions. Classes act as blueprints for creating objects.
2. Inheritance allows subclasses to inherit attributes and behaviors from parent classes. Subclasses can override methods from parent classes.
3. Polymorphism allows functions to take different forms - either by function overloading or overriding. Overloading relies on static binding at compile time, while overriding uses dynamic binding at runtime.
This document discusses implementing closures in Java using inner classes and lambda expressions. It explains that inner classes can capture local variables and implement closures. Lambda expressions allow treating functions as values and auto-converting between functional interfaces. The document also covers proposed syntax for lambda expressions and how default methods allow adding methods to interfaces without breaking backward compatibility.
This document provides an introduction to the Java programming language. It discusses the history and components of Java, including the Java language, platform, and tools. It then explains some key Java concepts like object-oriented programming, classes, objects, inheritance, and interfaces. It provides examples of how to write a simple Java program and declare methods. It also compares static and instance members and discusses abstract classes and when to use interfaces versus abstract classes.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
1. When “is a” and “has a”
wouldn’t do!
Traits composition
2. Who?
Marielle Lange @widged
Flex developer for Academic
a living (since background (last at
2008) “The Institute for
Adaptive and
Javascript & jQuery
Neural
3. Traits?
• Clearly separates issues of instance generation
and units of reuse
• Composition mechanisms
• Divorced from the inheritance hierarchy ➡
Avoid difficulties experienced with multiple
inheritance.
• Impose no composition order ➡ Avoid
difficulties experienced with mixins.
• Introduced in SmallTalk. Particularly suited to
class-less languages like Javascript. Also found in
class-based ones. Recently added to PHP.
Supported in Scala (Java)
6. Object Oriented
An 'Objects and classes' approach
allows for the design of components
that are fully re-usable across
projects and sometimes across
programming frameworks.
7. Objects
Reference to objects that are meant to
mimic real world behaviour.
• Intuitive and consistent abstractions of
the problem being solved throughout
the analysis, design, implementation,
and maintenance phases of
development.
• Provision for testing and the ability to
embrace change.
8. Classes (Templates for objects)
• Conflicting purposes
• As generators of objects, classes must be
complete and monolithic.
• As units of reuse via inheritance, they
should be small, fine-grained, and possibly
incomplete.
James Gosling, creator of Java, once said
that if he could do Java over again, he
9. Fragile inheritance chains
Is a Bird
lacks flying
Has wings code
➡ flightless duplication
bird
is a FLBTCS?
➡ flightless has a swim
manager?
Has buoyant bird,
body implements
swimmer
11. Traits composition
Bird BirdMan
can swim Bird can swim
(swim trait) can fly
can swim
can fly
Traits are coherent collections of methods
that can be reused anywhere in the
12. Re-use, no
• Halfway between an interface and a class.
• Like interfaces, they define behaviors that
the objects can implement. Unlike
interfaces, the definition includes the actual
implementation.
• Like classes, they provide method
implementations that can be acquired by
objects. However, they are stateless (they
don’t include instance variables), not bound to
a hierarchy (inheritance chain) and do not have
to be complete (they do not have to define all
13. Languages limitations
• Straightforward to implement in languages
like javascript that treat functions as first
class objects.
• var a = function() {} ➡ Functions can be
passed as arguments to other functions,
returning them as the values from other
functions, and assigning them to variables
or storing them in data structures.
• Require language modifications or
preprocessing solutions for languages that
15. Set of methods
• A trait includes:
• Only methods
• No state (no instance variable)
16. Example
<?php
trait HelloWorld {
public function sayHello() {
echo 'Hello World!';
}
}
class Greeter {
use HelloWorld;
}
$o = new Greeter();
$o->sayHello(); // =>'Hello World!'
?>
Adapted from: http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.traits.php
17. Composition Rules
1. When a class uses a trait, the
behaviour provided by the trait gets
incorporated (flattened) into the
class. This means that the
semantics is basically the same as if
the services (methods) provided by
the trait were implemented in the
class itself.
18. Example
trait HelloWorld {
public function sayHello() { Different
from a
echo 'Hello World!';
}
}
class UniverseGreeter {
delegate in
public function sayHelloUniverse() {
echo 'Hello Universe!'; the decorator
}
} pattern
class Greeter {
use HelloWorld;
$universeDelegate = new UniverseGreeter();
public function sayHelloUniverse() {
echo $universeDelegate->sayHello();
}
}
$o = new Greeter();
$o->sayHello(); // =>'Hello World!'
$o->sayHelloUniverse(); // =>'Hello Universe!'
Adapted from: http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.traits.php
19. Composition Rules (ctnd)
2. Methods defined in a class take
precedence over methods provided
by a trait (any trait method can be
overridden by a method with the
same name).
20. Example Class
<?php
trait HelloWorld {
public function sayHello() {
echo 'Hello World!';
}
}
class TheWorldIsNotEnough {
use HelloWorld;
public function sayHello() {
echo 'Hello Universe!';
}
}
$o = new TheWorldIsNotEnough();
$o->sayHello(); // Hello Universe!
?>
source: http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.traits.php
21. Composition Rules (ctnd)
3. Composition order is irrelevant. All
the traits have the same
precedence, and hence conflicting
trait methods must be explicitly
disambiguated.
22. Example Conflict
<?php
trait A { class Talker {
public function smallTalk() use A, B {
{ B::smallTalk insteadof A;
echo 'a'; A::bigTalk insteadof B;
} }
public function bigTalk() { }
echo 'A';
} class Aliased_Talker {
} use A, B {
B::smallTalk insteadof A;
trait B { A::bigTalk insteadof B;
public function smallTalk() B::bigTalk as talk;
{ }
}
echo 'b'; The composer has full
}
public function bigTalk() { control over the
?>
echo 'B';
} composition
}
Sum, override, exclusion,
aliasing.
Source: http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.traits.php
23. Incompleteness
• Traits don’t have to be complete
• Traits can require methods used by,
but not implemented in, a trait.
• It is the class responsibility to provide
an implementation for every service
required by any of the used traits
(glue code in the class itself, in a
direct or indirect super-class, or in
another trait that is used by the class).
24. Example Requires
<?php
Traits can
trait Hello {
public function sayHelloWorld() {
echo 'Hello'.$this->getWorld();
}
abstract public function getWorld();
access state
}
indirectly,
class MyHelloWorld {
private $world; through
use Hello;
public function getWorld() {
return $this->world;
required
}
public function setWorld($val) {
accessor
$this->world = $val;
} services.
}
?>
source: http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.traits.php
25. Composite traits
• Traits cannot define a superclass.
• However, in some languages, it is
possible to define composite traits.
That is, traits that are composed of
other traits.
27. Language support
Supported in Smalltalk, PHP, Scala
(Java), C#, JavaScript
28. Objects with traits
• Intuitive and consistent ✓
abstractions of the problem
being solved throughout the
analysis, design,
implementation, and
maintenance phases of
development. ✓
• Provision for testing and the
29. Duplication of code
• In languages that don’t treat functions as first
class objects, traits are typically flattened into
a class by compiler assisted copy and paste.
• Duplication of code to avoid runtime
overhead.
• In essence, stateless traits are incomplete. They
necessarily encode dependency on state in
terms of required accessors methods (getters,
setters) that the composing class must define ➡
Each client class has to implement boilerplate
glue code.
30. Tight coupling to
• A trait solution tightly couples the trait
implementation to the using class.
This can actually reduce the
reusability and utility of the class
itself.
• These are problems that we normally
use design patterns to solve (such as
Decorator, Composite and Bridge). ➡
Encourages a quick solution were
refactoring should be considered.
(source: Traits are the new Eval)
31. Fragile to change
• Fragile to incremental or unanticipated
change
• Changing the signature of a trait method
will impact all the clients that use the
method.
• Adding or deleting methods provided by a
trait may well impact clients by introducing
new conflicts or requirements.
• Adding new state requirement in a trait will
demand new accessors in all client classes.
(source: Stateful traits, PDF)
32. Accessors break encapsulation
• Traits tend to unnecessarily expose information.
• Traits methods used in client-classes must be
public.
• A client class using a trait get to see all
methods, and not just the ones that are truly its
responsibility to implement.
• The glue code in the class, must be public. If
traits require accessors to access state (i.e.,
instance variables), then classes using these
traits must provide public accessors to the
missing state.
33. Initialization
• Since traits cannot contain state,
variables cannot be declared directly
in the trait. Accessors for that variable
are made required methods instead.
• Where should variables be initialized?
• In the class using the trait?
• In the trait and pushed into the
class via a required setter?
34. Trait modification
• In dynamical languages, like
JavaScript, potential for the trait to be
modified after it has been imported.
Core.clone = function(obj) {
If you compose a
return ns.Core.extend({}, obj);
}
trait into your class,
Core.extend = function(obj, added) {
for (key in added) {
then add a method
if (added.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
obj[key] = added[key];
to the trait at run
}
}
time, the method will
return obj;
}
not be available to
your class.
36. Horizontal
• Representations of single
inheritance class hierarchies are
working well in IDEs.
• Traits offer a new orthogonal
relation between classes and traits.
• The addition of breadth makes it
harder to represent and
understand.
(source: Traits are the new Eval)
37. Composition Explorer
• Keeping track of the dependencies
between traits and classes.
• How the responsibilities of a class are
decomposed into several traits and how
these traits are glued together in order
to achieve the required behaviour.
• How the class meets the requirements
of its component traits: the provided
and required methods, the overridden
methods, and the glue methods.
(source: Traits: Composable Units of Behaviour*, PDF)
38. Edit time warnings
• If a modification causes a new
conflict or an unspecified
requirement anywhere in the
system, the affected classes and
traits are automatically added to a
“to do” list.
• The tools should announce a
conflict if a method of the same
name and signature is obtained
(source: Traits: Composable Units of Behaviour*, PDF)
39. Glue code generation
• Generation of required methods that
correspond to instance variable accessors.
• preferably avoiding actual duplication.
• Semi-automated solutions to conflict
resolution.
• List of alternative implementations
• Choosing one generates the
composition clause that excludes the
others, and thus eliminates the conflict.
(source: “ Traits: Composable Units of Behaviour* “ and “Stateful Traits “)
40. Debugging
• Traits should be represented in the
debugger, so that a programmer
can easily map code being executed
to the actual source code (written
with traits).
(source: Adding Traits to (Statically Typed) Languages, PDF)
41. Runtime reflection
• Many programming languages allow to
reflect and sometimes even manipulate
the program being executed.
• It is important that traits are correctly
represented in the reflective
infrastructure of the language, so that
one can for example ask which
methods are provided by a certain trait
or which traits are used by a certain
class.
(source: Adding Traits to (Statically Typed) Languages, PDF)
43. “can do”
• Thinking in terms of what an
instance “can do”, in addition to the
familiar “is a”and “has a” modes of
composition.
• Keeping in mind that you don’t
necessarily have to encapsulate
variables and methods in a class.
44. Functional Pg
Look at Function.prototype.partial = function(){
var fn = this,
Partials args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
return function(){
var arg = 0;
for ( var i = 0; i < args.length &&
arg < arguments.length; i++ )
if ( args[i] === undefined )
args[i] = arguments[arg++];
return fn.apply(this, args);
};
};
String.prototype.csv2 =
String.prototype.split.partial(/,s*/);
("John, Resig, Boston").csv2() => ["Resig"]