SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 53
TRAINING MORE STAFF WITH LESS MONEY NCEA/NAPSA State Trainers’ Conference on Distance Learning  National Adult Protective Services Association
This training is a product of National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA), which is funded, in part, by the U.S. Administration on Aging under Grant # 90-AM-2792.  The project was developed by the National Adult Protective Services Association (NAPSA), and its contractor, the REFT Institute, Inc. Grantees undertaking projects under government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their findings and conclusions. Therefore, points of view or opinions do not necessarily represent official Administration on Aging Policy.       NAPSA 2004
THE NATIONAL CENTER ON ELDER ABUSE The Source for Information and Assistance on Elder Abuse   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PARTNERS
CAUTION:  New ideas   …assembly required   
DEFINING DISTANCE TRAINING
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],VOCABULARY
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DISTANCE TRAINING Value INCREASES
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DISTANCE TRAINING Administrative Challenges
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DISTANCE TRAINING Personal challenges
“ But…what is it good for?”   Engineer at the Advanced Computing Systems Division of IBM, 1968 — commenting on the microchip   
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],AUDIOCONFERENCE Equipment
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],AUDIOCONFERENCE Services
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],AUDIOCONFERENCE Service Options
AUDIOCONFERENCE Advantages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],AUDIOCONFERENCE Applications
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],AUDIOCONFERENCE Planning
ACTIVE LEARNING #1 Small group discussion and large group sharing  ~  Using sub conferencing as a teaching tool
“ This telephone has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The devise is inherently of no value to us.”  Western Union, internal  memo, 1876 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],COMPUTER CONFERENCE Options
EMAIL   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CBT ( Computer-Based Training) Definition   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CBT Advantages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CBT Challenges ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CBT Applications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],WBT ( Web-Based Training) Definition & Advantages
WBT Challenges ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
WBT Applications ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],WEBCONFERENCE (Net conference)
WEBCONFERENCE Document sharing/collaboration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],WEB CONFERENCE Planning
ACTIVE LEARNING #2 ~  Audio conference with online document sharing and/or collaboration Large group discussion
[object Object],[object Object],
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],VIDEO CONFERENCE Options
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ONE-WAY VIDEO Description
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ONE-WAY VIDEO Equipment
ONE-WAY VIDEO Advantages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ONE-WAY VIDEO Challenges ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ONE-WAY VIDEO Applications THINK BIG!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ONE-WAY VIDEO Planning
ACTIVE LEARNING #3 ~  Preparing for a one-way video conference Large group discussion
[object Object],[object Object],
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],TWO-WAY VIDEO Description
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],TWO-WAY VIDEO Equipment
TWO-WAY VIDEO Services ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TWO-WAY VIDEO Advantages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TWO-WAY VIDEO Challenges ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],TWO-WAY VIDEO Applications
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],TWO-WAY VIDEO Planning
ACTIVE LEARNING #4 ~  Establishing a comfortable learning environment Individual reflection and large group sharing
NEXT STEPS
NEXT STEPS Key Considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ACTIVE LEARNING #5 ~  Selecting distance technologies Case study/small group discussion and large group sharing
“ Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible.”   Lord Kelvin, President, Royal Society, 1895   

More Related Content

What's hot

Teleconferencing 2
Teleconferencing 2Teleconferencing 2
Teleconferencing 2palmones1979
 
Video Conferencing
Video ConferencingVideo Conferencing
Video Conferencingalwardi68709
 
Teleconferencing
TeleconferencingTeleconferencing
Teleconferencingguest11cd9c
 
Audiographic Conferences
Audiographic ConferencesAudiographic Conferences
Audiographic Conferencestech4101
 
What is Media and Teleconferencing ? Types of Media and Teleconferencing. Med...
What is Media and Teleconferencing ? Types of Media and Teleconferencing. Med...What is Media and Teleconferencing ? Types of Media and Teleconferencing. Med...
What is Media and Teleconferencing ? Types of Media and Teleconferencing. Med...Central University of Haryana
 
Maximizing the use of video communications by AVI-SPL
Maximizing the use of video communications by AVI-SPLMaximizing the use of video communications by AVI-SPL
Maximizing the use of video communications by AVI-SPLguest14baeca
 
actions model
actions modelactions model
actions modelsaid2m2
 
Types of audio conferencing and its uses
Types of audio conferencing and its usesTypes of audio conferencing and its uses
Types of audio conferencing and its usesBryan Smith
 
Technology
TechnologyTechnology
TechnologyJishaJN
 
AUDIO TELECONFERENCE
AUDIO TELECONFERENCEAUDIO TELECONFERENCE
AUDIO TELECONFERENCEtech4101
 
Videoconferencing
VideoconferencingVideoconferencing
VideoconferencingVideoguy
 
Video Conferencing
Video ConferencingVideo Conferencing
Video ConferencingTHANVAS
 
Image of a slide projector
Image of a slide projectorImage of a slide projector
Image of a slide projectorVideoguy
 
Distance Education Videoconferencing Techniques Projects
Distance Education Videoconferencing Techniques ProjectsDistance Education Videoconferencing Techniques Projects
Distance Education Videoconferencing Techniques ProjectsVideoguy
 
Video conferencing
Video conferencingVideo conferencing
Video conferencingWendy Solomo
 
Video Conferencing PowerPoint
Video Conferencing PowerPointVideo Conferencing PowerPoint
Video Conferencing PowerPointVideoguy
 

What's hot (20)

Teleconferencing 2
Teleconferencing 2Teleconferencing 2
Teleconferencing 2
 
Teleconferencing applications
Teleconferencing applicationsTeleconferencing applications
Teleconferencing applications
 
Video Conferencing
Video ConferencingVideo Conferencing
Video Conferencing
 
Teleconferencing
TeleconferencingTeleconferencing
Teleconferencing
 
Audiographic Conferences
Audiographic ConferencesAudiographic Conferences
Audiographic Conferences
 
What is Media and Teleconferencing ? Types of Media and Teleconferencing. Med...
What is Media and Teleconferencing ? Types of Media and Teleconferencing. Med...What is Media and Teleconferencing ? Types of Media and Teleconferencing. Med...
What is Media and Teleconferencing ? Types of Media and Teleconferencing. Med...
 
Maximizing the use of video communications by AVI-SPL
Maximizing the use of video communications by AVI-SPLMaximizing the use of video communications by AVI-SPL
Maximizing the use of video communications by AVI-SPL
 
actions model
actions modelactions model
actions model
 
Types of audio conferencing and its uses
Types of audio conferencing and its usesTypes of audio conferencing and its uses
Types of audio conferencing and its uses
 
Technology
TechnologyTechnology
Technology
 
AUDIO TELECONFERENCE
AUDIO TELECONFERENCEAUDIO TELECONFERENCE
AUDIO TELECONFERENCE
 
Videoconferencing
VideoconferencingVideoconferencing
Videoconferencing
 
Video Conferencing
Video ConferencingVideo Conferencing
Video Conferencing
 
Image of a slide projector
Image of a slide projectorImage of a slide projector
Image of a slide projector
 
Video conferencing
Video conferencingVideo conferencing
Video conferencing
 
Distance Education Videoconferencing Techniques Projects
Distance Education Videoconferencing Techniques ProjectsDistance Education Videoconferencing Techniques Projects
Distance Education Videoconferencing Techniques Projects
 
Video conferencing
Video conferencingVideo conferencing
Video conferencing
 
Virtual Visitors
Virtual VisitorsVirtual Visitors
Virtual Visitors
 
Video Conferencing PowerPoint
Video Conferencing PowerPointVideo Conferencing PowerPoint
Video Conferencing PowerPoint
 
Cts trainig
Cts trainigCts trainig
Cts trainig
 

Similar to Training More Staff With Less Money: PowerPoint Slides

Media and Technologies Used in DE II
Media and Technologies Used in DE IIMedia and Technologies Used in DE II
Media and Technologies Used in DE IIAlaa Sadik
 
Tele conferencing and video conferencing
Tele conferencing and video conferencingTele conferencing and video conferencing
Tele conferencing and video conferencingBhuwanesh Rajbhandari
 
Article Of Video Conferencing2
Article Of Video Conferencing2Article Of Video Conferencing2
Article Of Video Conferencing2alwardi68709
 
Review DE technology
Review DE technologyReview DE technology
Review DE technologyamina201177
 
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.pptVideoguy
 
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.pptVideoguy
 
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.pptVideoguy
 
Alternate Methods for Delivering In-Service Training
Alternate Methods for Delivering In-Service TrainingAlternate Methods for Delivering In-Service Training
Alternate Methods for Delivering In-Service TrainingVideoguy
 
article
articlearticle
articleSQU
 
web conferencing
web conferencingweb conferencing
web conferencingu082934
 
ace2003-h323-prof-devel.ppt
ace2003-h323-prof-devel.pptace2003-h323-prof-devel.ppt
ace2003-h323-prof-devel.pptVideoguy
 
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...Videoguy
 
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...Videoguy
 
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...Videoguy
 
Web conferencing
Web conferencingWeb conferencing
Web conferencingmazyooonah
 
TWT2003.ppt
TWT2003.pptTWT2003.ppt
TWT2003.pptVideoguy
 
Teleconfere
TeleconfereTeleconfere
TeleconfereSAJASJ1
 
Microsoft Word - 27Videoconferencing_Nov08_
Microsoft Word - 27Videoconferencing_Nov08_Microsoft Word - 27Videoconferencing_Nov08_
Microsoft Word - 27Videoconferencing_Nov08_Videoguy
 

Similar to Training More Staff With Less Money: PowerPoint Slides (20)

Media and Technologies Used in DE II
Media and Technologies Used in DE IIMedia and Technologies Used in DE II
Media and Technologies Used in DE II
 
Tele conferencing and video conferencing
Tele conferencing and video conferencingTele conferencing and video conferencing
Tele conferencing and video conferencing
 
Webcast
WebcastWebcast
Webcast
 
Article Of Video Conferencing2
Article Of Video Conferencing2Article Of Video Conferencing2
Article Of Video Conferencing2
 
Review DE technology
Review DE technologyReview DE technology
Review DE technology
 
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt
 
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt
 
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt
3b-Videoconferencing-pres.ppt
 
Alternate Methods for Delivering In-Service Training
Alternate Methods for Delivering In-Service TrainingAlternate Methods for Delivering In-Service Training
Alternate Methods for Delivering In-Service Training
 
article
articlearticle
article
 
web conferencing
web conferencingweb conferencing
web conferencing
 
Webcasting
WebcastingWebcasting
Webcasting
 
ace2003-h323-prof-devel.ppt
ace2003-h323-prof-devel.pptace2003-h323-prof-devel.ppt
ace2003-h323-prof-devel.ppt
 
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...
 
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...
 
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...
How Can You Enhance Your Skills and Library Practice at Your ...
 
Web conferencing
Web conferencingWeb conferencing
Web conferencing
 
TWT2003.ppt
TWT2003.pptTWT2003.ppt
TWT2003.ppt
 
Teleconfere
TeleconfereTeleconfere
Teleconfere
 
Microsoft Word - 27Videoconferencing_Nov08_
Microsoft Word - 27Videoconferencing_Nov08_Microsoft Word - 27Videoconferencing_Nov08_
Microsoft Word - 27Videoconferencing_Nov08_
 

More from Videoguy

Energy-Aware Wireless Video Streaming
Energy-Aware Wireless Video StreamingEnergy-Aware Wireless Video Streaming
Energy-Aware Wireless Video StreamingVideoguy
 
Microsoft PowerPoint - WirelessCluster_Pres
Microsoft PowerPoint - WirelessCluster_PresMicrosoft PowerPoint - WirelessCluster_Pres
Microsoft PowerPoint - WirelessCluster_PresVideoguy
 
Proxy Cache Management for Fine-Grained Scalable Video Streaming
Proxy Cache Management for Fine-Grained Scalable Video StreamingProxy Cache Management for Fine-Grained Scalable Video Streaming
Proxy Cache Management for Fine-Grained Scalable Video StreamingVideoguy
 
Free-riding Resilient Video Streaming in Peer-to-Peer Networks
Free-riding Resilient Video Streaming in Peer-to-Peer NetworksFree-riding Resilient Video Streaming in Peer-to-Peer Networks
Free-riding Resilient Video Streaming in Peer-to-Peer NetworksVideoguy
 
Instant video streaming
Instant video streamingInstant video streaming
Instant video streamingVideoguy
 
Video Streaming over Bluetooth: A Survey
Video Streaming over Bluetooth: A SurveyVideo Streaming over Bluetooth: A Survey
Video Streaming over Bluetooth: A SurveyVideoguy
 
Video Streaming
Video StreamingVideo Streaming
Video StreamingVideoguy
 
Reaching a Broader Audience
Reaching a Broader AudienceReaching a Broader Audience
Reaching a Broader AudienceVideoguy
 
Considerations for Creating Streamed Video Content over 3G ...
Considerations for Creating Streamed Video Content over 3G ...Considerations for Creating Streamed Video Content over 3G ...
Considerations for Creating Streamed Video Content over 3G ...Videoguy
 
ADVANCES IN CHANNEL-ADAPTIVE VIDEO STREAMING
ADVANCES IN CHANNEL-ADAPTIVE VIDEO STREAMINGADVANCES IN CHANNEL-ADAPTIVE VIDEO STREAMING
ADVANCES IN CHANNEL-ADAPTIVE VIDEO STREAMINGVideoguy
 
Impact of FEC Overhead on Scalable Video Streaming
Impact of FEC Overhead on Scalable Video StreamingImpact of FEC Overhead on Scalable Video Streaming
Impact of FEC Overhead on Scalable Video StreamingVideoguy
 
Application Brief
Application BriefApplication Brief
Application BriefVideoguy
 
Video Streaming Services – Stage 1
Video Streaming Services – Stage 1Video Streaming Services – Stage 1
Video Streaming Services – Stage 1Videoguy
 
Streaming Video into Second Life
Streaming Video into Second LifeStreaming Video into Second Life
Streaming Video into Second LifeVideoguy
 
Flash Live Video Streaming Software
Flash Live Video Streaming SoftwareFlash Live Video Streaming Software
Flash Live Video Streaming SoftwareVideoguy
 
Videoconference Streaming Solutions Cookbook
Videoconference Streaming Solutions CookbookVideoconference Streaming Solutions Cookbook
Videoconference Streaming Solutions CookbookVideoguy
 
Streaming Video Formaten
Streaming Video FormatenStreaming Video Formaten
Streaming Video FormatenVideoguy
 
iPhone Live Video Streaming Software
iPhone Live Video Streaming SoftwareiPhone Live Video Streaming Software
iPhone Live Video Streaming SoftwareVideoguy
 
Glow: Video streaming training guide - Firefox
Glow: Video streaming training guide - FirefoxGlow: Video streaming training guide - Firefox
Glow: Video streaming training guide - FirefoxVideoguy
 

More from Videoguy (20)

Energy-Aware Wireless Video Streaming
Energy-Aware Wireless Video StreamingEnergy-Aware Wireless Video Streaming
Energy-Aware Wireless Video Streaming
 
Microsoft PowerPoint - WirelessCluster_Pres
Microsoft PowerPoint - WirelessCluster_PresMicrosoft PowerPoint - WirelessCluster_Pres
Microsoft PowerPoint - WirelessCluster_Pres
 
Proxy Cache Management for Fine-Grained Scalable Video Streaming
Proxy Cache Management for Fine-Grained Scalable Video StreamingProxy Cache Management for Fine-Grained Scalable Video Streaming
Proxy Cache Management for Fine-Grained Scalable Video Streaming
 
Adobe
AdobeAdobe
Adobe
 
Free-riding Resilient Video Streaming in Peer-to-Peer Networks
Free-riding Resilient Video Streaming in Peer-to-Peer NetworksFree-riding Resilient Video Streaming in Peer-to-Peer Networks
Free-riding Resilient Video Streaming in Peer-to-Peer Networks
 
Instant video streaming
Instant video streamingInstant video streaming
Instant video streaming
 
Video Streaming over Bluetooth: A Survey
Video Streaming over Bluetooth: A SurveyVideo Streaming over Bluetooth: A Survey
Video Streaming over Bluetooth: A Survey
 
Video Streaming
Video StreamingVideo Streaming
Video Streaming
 
Reaching a Broader Audience
Reaching a Broader AudienceReaching a Broader Audience
Reaching a Broader Audience
 
Considerations for Creating Streamed Video Content over 3G ...
Considerations for Creating Streamed Video Content over 3G ...Considerations for Creating Streamed Video Content over 3G ...
Considerations for Creating Streamed Video Content over 3G ...
 
ADVANCES IN CHANNEL-ADAPTIVE VIDEO STREAMING
ADVANCES IN CHANNEL-ADAPTIVE VIDEO STREAMINGADVANCES IN CHANNEL-ADAPTIVE VIDEO STREAMING
ADVANCES IN CHANNEL-ADAPTIVE VIDEO STREAMING
 
Impact of FEC Overhead on Scalable Video Streaming
Impact of FEC Overhead on Scalable Video StreamingImpact of FEC Overhead on Scalable Video Streaming
Impact of FEC Overhead on Scalable Video Streaming
 
Application Brief
Application BriefApplication Brief
Application Brief
 
Video Streaming Services – Stage 1
Video Streaming Services – Stage 1Video Streaming Services – Stage 1
Video Streaming Services – Stage 1
 
Streaming Video into Second Life
Streaming Video into Second LifeStreaming Video into Second Life
Streaming Video into Second Life
 
Flash Live Video Streaming Software
Flash Live Video Streaming SoftwareFlash Live Video Streaming Software
Flash Live Video Streaming Software
 
Videoconference Streaming Solutions Cookbook
Videoconference Streaming Solutions CookbookVideoconference Streaming Solutions Cookbook
Videoconference Streaming Solutions Cookbook
 
Streaming Video Formaten
Streaming Video FormatenStreaming Video Formaten
Streaming Video Formaten
 
iPhone Live Video Streaming Software
iPhone Live Video Streaming SoftwareiPhone Live Video Streaming Software
iPhone Live Video Streaming Software
 
Glow: Video streaming training guide - Firefox
Glow: Video streaming training guide - FirefoxGlow: Video streaming training guide - Firefox
Glow: Video streaming training guide - Firefox
 

Training More Staff With Less Money: PowerPoint Slides

  • 1. TRAINING MORE STAFF WITH LESS MONEY NCEA/NAPSA State Trainers’ Conference on Distance Learning National Adult Protective Services Association
  • 2. This training is a product of National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA), which is funded, in part, by the U.S. Administration on Aging under Grant # 90-AM-2792. The project was developed by the National Adult Protective Services Association (NAPSA), and its contractor, the REFT Institute, Inc. Grantees undertaking projects under government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their findings and conclusions. Therefore, points of view or opinions do not necessarily represent official Administration on Aging Policy.  NAPSA 2004
  • 3.
  • 4. CAUTION: New ideas …assembly required 
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. “ But…what is it good for?” Engineer at the Advanced Computing Systems Division of IBM, 1968 — commenting on the microchip 
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. ACTIVE LEARNING #1 Small group discussion and large group sharing ~ Using sub conferencing as a teaching tool
  • 18. “ This telephone has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The devise is inherently of no value to us.” Western Union, internal memo, 1876 
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31. ACTIVE LEARNING #2 ~ Audio conference with online document sharing and/or collaboration Large group discussion
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40. ACTIVE LEARNING #3 ~ Preparing for a one-way video conference Large group discussion
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49. ACTIVE LEARNING #4 ~ Establishing a comfortable learning environment Individual reflection and large group sharing
  • 51.
  • 52. ACTIVE LEARNING #5 ~ Selecting distance technologies Case study/small group discussion and large group sharing
  • 53. “ Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible.” Lord Kelvin, President, Royal Society, 1895 