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The Bitterness of Sugar
How sweetness led to slavery
Do you know?
There’s something you eat
every day, that is the reason
the system of slavery existed in
America. Can you name what
it is?
From Magic to Spice
 Traced back to New Guinea as early as 9000 BC
 Sugar Cane first appeared in China in 200AD and
spread across to Egypt
From Magic to Spice
 Used as an offering in religious and magical
ceremonies
 First written record of sugar
 Used to burn in fire to communicate with gods
 When placed in fire, priests noticed it would crystalize
and harden
From Magic to Spice
 In 600s, doctors at Jundi Shapur (prestigious
university) writing about medicine from India
named sharkara – sugar
 Jundi Shapur pulled in people from all over the
world – the word about sugar spread
 Soon those cooking for the wealthiest started using it
as a spice
The Spread of Sugar
 With the spread of Islam, sugar reached greater
even more people and lands
 Eventually made its way to Europe
 Could not produce their own spices
 A series of wars and fairs brought in new spices –
sugar among them
 Muslims raised the sugar, sold to Italians who took
it further into Europe
The Travels of Sugar
The Problem with Sugar
Cane
 Two problems growing
large amounts of sugar cane
1. Time
2. Fire
 Instant cane is sliced, sweet
mass inside starts to harden
 Must get cane into boiling
water within 48 hours
 Preferably 24
The Solution to Sugar Cane
Problem
 Create a system with army of
workers
 Swarm through fields cutting
the cane
 Haul piles to be crushed into a
syrup that flows into boiling
room
 Group responsible for cutting
and supplying wood for fire
 Working around the clock,
cook and clean bubbling liquid
 Sweetest syrup makes
sweetest sugar
The Solution to Sugar Cane
Problem
 Plantation
 Exists to produce only one product
 New approach
 Normally farms have variety and support owners
 Instead, machine designed to satisfy just one craving of
buyers potentially thousands of miles away
 Needed ideal locations
 Rich soil to support growth
 Close to water to ship to countries quickly
 Filled with trees ready to be cut down
The Solution to Sugar Cane
Problem
 Tropical islands met these requirements
 Found in their search for trade routes to Asia
 Used slaves to build army of workers
 Originally prisoners of war and native people
 Not strong enough to withstand the heat of the
islands and grueling work
 Bartholomew de Las Casas, Spanish priest,
suggested bringing in Africans
 Wanted to protect natives
 Africans perceived to be hard-working, strong,
resilient, excellent in agriculture and adapted to
tropical climate
The Solution of Slavery
 Unpaid workforce
 Little regard for health of worker
 Grueling work
 14 – 18 hour days
 Deplorable living conditions
 Serves as model for others
 Dehumanized Africans
 Created justification since “others” were doing it
Slavery Begins in the New
World
 Colonists setting up in New World and recognize
need for cheap labor
 Need help setting up towns
 First slaves arrive in Jamestown, VA in 1619
Triangular Slave Trade
 First Leg
 Left Europe headed to Africa
 Ships carried supplies for sale and trade
 Second leg
 Cargo was sold or bartered for slaves
 Slaves taken through Middle Passage from Africa to the
New World (Caribbean or Americas)
 Third leg
 Slaves sold in Caribbean or Americas
 Picked up goods to send to Europe
 Caribbean – sugar, rum and molasses
 New World – tobacco and other crops
Triangular Slave Trade

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Tragedy of sugar

  • 1. The Bitterness of Sugar How sweetness led to slavery
  • 2. Do you know? There’s something you eat every day, that is the reason the system of slavery existed in America. Can you name what it is?
  • 3. From Magic to Spice  Traced back to New Guinea as early as 9000 BC  Sugar Cane first appeared in China in 200AD and spread across to Egypt
  • 4. From Magic to Spice  Used as an offering in religious and magical ceremonies  First written record of sugar  Used to burn in fire to communicate with gods  When placed in fire, priests noticed it would crystalize and harden
  • 5. From Magic to Spice  In 600s, doctors at Jundi Shapur (prestigious university) writing about medicine from India named sharkara – sugar  Jundi Shapur pulled in people from all over the world – the word about sugar spread  Soon those cooking for the wealthiest started using it as a spice
  • 6. The Spread of Sugar  With the spread of Islam, sugar reached greater even more people and lands  Eventually made its way to Europe  Could not produce their own spices  A series of wars and fairs brought in new spices – sugar among them  Muslims raised the sugar, sold to Italians who took it further into Europe
  • 8. The Problem with Sugar Cane  Two problems growing large amounts of sugar cane 1. Time 2. Fire  Instant cane is sliced, sweet mass inside starts to harden  Must get cane into boiling water within 48 hours  Preferably 24
  • 9. The Solution to Sugar Cane Problem  Create a system with army of workers  Swarm through fields cutting the cane  Haul piles to be crushed into a syrup that flows into boiling room  Group responsible for cutting and supplying wood for fire  Working around the clock, cook and clean bubbling liquid  Sweetest syrup makes sweetest sugar
  • 10. The Solution to Sugar Cane Problem  Plantation  Exists to produce only one product  New approach  Normally farms have variety and support owners  Instead, machine designed to satisfy just one craving of buyers potentially thousands of miles away  Needed ideal locations  Rich soil to support growth  Close to water to ship to countries quickly  Filled with trees ready to be cut down
  • 11. The Solution to Sugar Cane Problem  Tropical islands met these requirements  Found in their search for trade routes to Asia  Used slaves to build army of workers  Originally prisoners of war and native people  Not strong enough to withstand the heat of the islands and grueling work  Bartholomew de Las Casas, Spanish priest, suggested bringing in Africans  Wanted to protect natives  Africans perceived to be hard-working, strong, resilient, excellent in agriculture and adapted to tropical climate
  • 12. The Solution of Slavery  Unpaid workforce  Little regard for health of worker  Grueling work  14 – 18 hour days  Deplorable living conditions  Serves as model for others  Dehumanized Africans  Created justification since “others” were doing it
  • 13. Slavery Begins in the New World  Colonists setting up in New World and recognize need for cheap labor  Need help setting up towns  First slaves arrive in Jamestown, VA in 1619
  • 14. Triangular Slave Trade  First Leg  Left Europe headed to Africa  Ships carried supplies for sale and trade  Second leg  Cargo was sold or bartered for slaves  Slaves taken through Middle Passage from Africa to the New World (Caribbean or Americas)  Third leg  Slaves sold in Caribbean or Americas  Picked up goods to send to Europe  Caribbean – sugar, rum and molasses  New World – tobacco and other crops

Editor's Notes

  1. Add pic on p 11