1. The document discusses the standard traffic pattern used at most airports, which consists of upwind, crosswind, downwind, base, and final legs. It provides instructions for aircraft speed, altitude, and flap settings on each leg. 2. It also covers radio communication procedures between pilots and air traffic control (ATC). Effective communication includes using standard phraseology and the phonetic alphabet. Transmissions follow a standard format including who is being addressed, the caller's identity, location, and request. 3. Pilots must read back all instructions from ATC to confirm understanding. Examples demonstrate proper radio technique and the traffic pattern.

1. Traffic Pattern and Communication Groups B and D – First Year Beginning

2. Part I. Traffic Pattern PATH To Aviation Handbook pages 45-47 ***The following traffic pattern walk-through corresponds with most Cessna 172 types only.***

3. Essential Questions What is a traffic pattern? Why do we use a traffic pattern? How many legs are there and what are their names?

4. Applying Math Skills Think: Rectangle and Heading runway 1. four right angles (90 °) 2. lines cut right angles into two 45 ° angles each 3. lines at opposite end of right angle point at ends of a runway 4. Can a heading indicator be associated with this?

5. The Traffic Pattern 9 27 downwind base crosswind final upwind N S E W v v v v v wind checkpoints (approach)

6. Traffic Pattern: Upwind Leg * climbout - put nose on horizon to establish V y 1. begin turn to crosswind approx. 700 ft. AGL

7. 5. verify distance between downwind and runway by looking at wing strut

8. Traffic Pattern: Downwind Leg 3. abeam (adjacent to) #s: power ≈ 1700, pitch ≈ -500 fpm, flaps ≈ 10, airspeed ≈ 85 KIAS 2. level off at pattern altitude - 1,000 ft. AGL - and power down to cruise - 2300 RPM

9. Traffic Pattern: Base Leg 4 4. flaps 20, airspeed ≈ 75 KIAS * use best judgment to begin turn to final

10. Traffic Pattern: Final (Approach) Leg 5 6 5. full flaps, airspeed ≈ 65 KIAS 6. idle power and flare once crossing or crossed threshold * on approach - use power for altitude and pitch for airspeed to adjust glide slope, VASI also helpful

11. Runway VASI System white over white, no end in sight red over white, you’re alright red over red, you’re dead

12. Straight-In Approach 9 if close to lined up with desired runway, ATC will often assign “straight-in” approach simply fly towards runway - line up as you approach

13. Essential Questions What is a traffic pattern? Why do we use a traffic pattern? How many legs are there and what are their names?

14. Part II. Communication PATH To Aviation Handbook pages 16-17

15. Essential Questions What is the purpose of effectively communicating with ATC? What special language do aviators use while communicating? What are the four main parts of a transmission?

16. Phonetic Alphabet phonetic alphabet - used so that single letters and numbers can be clearly differentiated between one another over radio each letter assigned a word few numbers assigned words as well memorized by pilots and ATC see PATH Handbook page 16

17. Examples of Airport Radio Transmissions JFK Tower Recording

18. The Four W’s main parts to every transmission: 1. W ho you’re addressing (ex. P’tree Ground) 2. W ho you are (ex. Cessna 78253) 3. W here you are (ex. Epps ramp) 4. W hat you want (ex. takeoff VFR to north) doesn’t include: 1. instructions given by ATC 2. readbacks given to ATC after instructions have been given

19. Sections of Transmission Who you’re addressing ATC needs to know who you’re addressing Who you are ATC needs to know who is talking to them Where you are ATC gives instructions based on location What you want ATC gives instructions also based on request ATC Instructions Any instructions given to a pilot by ATC (ex. taxi, takeoff, etc.) Readback Pilots must read back any and all ATC instructions given to them so that ATC knows you understand the instructions

20. Comms Example #1 - Taxi Clearance Who - P’tree Ground You - Cessna 78253 Where - Epps ramp Want - takeoff VFR to the north you: “ Peachtree Ground , Cessna 78253 is on the Epps ramp , VFR to the north with information.” ATC: “ 78253 , Peachtree Ground , taxi to runway 2L via taxiways bravo and alpha, advise when run-up complete .” you: “ 2L via bravo alpha, will advise, 78253 .” How do these transmissions work?? Let’s take a look.     

21. Comms Example #1 - Taxi Clearance A Closer Look: you: “ Peachtree Ground , Cessna 78253 is on the Epps ramp , VFR to the north with information.” ATC: “ 78253 , Peachtree Ground , taxi to runway 2L via taxiways bravo and alpha, advise when run-up complete .” you: “ 2L via bravo alpha, will advise, 78253 .” Part I - “ Peachtree Ground , Cessna 78253 is on the Epps ramp , VFR to the north with information.” Talking to Peachtree Ground, you are 78253, you’re on the Epps ramp, and you want to takeoff to the north for a VFR flight Part II - “ 78253 , Peachtree Ground , taxi to runway 2L via taxiways bravo and alpha, advise when run-up complete .” Talking to 78253, they are Peachtree Ground, they give you instructions to taxi Part III - “ 2L via bravo alpha, will advise, 78253 .” Pilot reads back the taxi instructions

22. Comms Example #2 - Landing Clearance (traffic pattern!!) Who - P’tree Tower You - Cessna 5089G Where - 8 miles east of airport Want - inbound to land You: “ Peachtree Tower , 5089G is 8 miles east of the airport , inbound to land with information.” ATC: “ 5089G , Peachtree Tower , enter left downwind for runway 20L .” You: “ Left downwind runway 20L , 5089G .” *elapsed time* ATC: “ 5089G , cleared to land, runway 20L .” You: “ Cleared to land, runway 20L , 5089G .” who addressing who you are your location what you want ATC instructions readback

23. Things to Remember: ATC uses same “4 W” rule readback only pertinent information ATC may shorten tail # to last 3 characters (i.e. 253, 89G, etc.) readback exactly as instructions are given ATC IS THERE TO HELP YOU!!! Don’t be scared like Morgan Freeman.

24. Quiz Time!!! What are the traffic pattern legs in order? upwind, crosswind, downwind, base, final

25. Quiz Time!!! What do you do as soon as you are abeam the numbers? power pitch flaps

26. Quiz Time!!! What is the traffic pattern altitude? 1,000 AGL

27. Quiz Time!!! What are the 4 W’s? w ho you’re addressing w ho you are w here you are w hat you want

28. Quiz Time!!! Read back these ATC instructions: “ 78253, enter left downwind for runway 2L, cleared to land number 3 behind the Mooney and the Piper. Advise when you have the traffic in sight. Also, be advised there are birds and operating cranes in the vicinity. Winds are 360 at 7.” “ Enter left downwind runway 2L, cleared to land number 3. Will advise when traffic is in sight, 78253.”

29. Quiz Time!!! Given the following taxi instructions, ask Peachtree ATC for a taxi clearance. Peachtree ground Piper 81771 Signature ramp lap in the pattern “ Peachtree Ground, Piper 81771 is on the Signature ramp, we’d like to take a lap in the pattern.”

30. Questions? You can always email any questions you have to: [email_address]