Mass tourism has never been characteristic of Serbia, even though it is the branch of the economy which could help solve many economic problems. It is known that the amount of tourist visits to Serbia is not proportional to its anthropogenic and natural resources. There are all prerequisites for the massive development of tourist activity, but also a large number of obstacles to this development. Serbia has comparative advantages due to diversified tourist offer and proximity to already affirmed offers on the tourism market. In this paper, an analysis of the existing market position of Serbia as a tourist destination on the international tourist market was made, using the parameters from the T & T Competitiveness Index for 2017. The aim of the research is to indicate that Serbia has still not taken an adequate competitive position in relation to other tourist destinations in the region and the world.
The involvement of hotels in promotional activities of the tourist destination of Belgrade is analysed based on the questionnaire adressed to 44 hotels. They confirmed cooperation with Tourist Organisation of Belgrade (TOB), but that cooperation is not satisfactory for them. Only 37% of respondents have help from TOB in promotional activities of hotel, while hotels involved in promotional activities organised by TOB only sometimes do. Rrelatively small percent (22%) have received free promotional materials from TOB. Also, 50 and 40% of respondents consider that Tourist Organization of Serbia and the relevant ministry, respectively, promote Belgrade as a tourist destination in an inadequate way. Nevertheless, all respondents expressed their readiness to participate in the joint promotion of Belgrade tourist offer, but so far only some of them have been involved occasionally in the preparation of promotional material or the development of programs, and that only 12% of the hotels were contacted for participation on fairs.
Wine tourism is an important factor for tourism positioning in Serbia. The development of wine tourism contributes to the recognition of tourist regions and creates competitive advantages. Serbia has great potential for wine tourism development given its long tradition of grape cultivation and wine production. Future development of wine tourism could enrich Serbia's tourist offering and increase tourist satisfaction and spending. Small wine producers in particular could benefit from wine tourism by developing their brands and increasing wine sales.
Chapter 2 Strategic Planning and Management (Destination Management)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses strategic planning and management for tourism. It provides an overview of what a strategic plan is and its importance for outlining an organization's purpose and goals. It also discusses key components of a strategic plan like the mission statement and SWOT analysis. Additionally, it discusses strategic planning processes for tourism, including assessing attractions, infrastructure, marketing, and organizational structure. The importance of infrastructure development, carrying capacity, and developing a destination management plan are also covered.
Chapter 1 Tourism and Hospitality Marketing (Tourism and Hospitality Marketing )Md Shaifullar Rabbi
This document provides an overview of tourism and hospitality marketing presented by Md. Shaifullar Rabbi. It begins with Rabbi's professional experience and educational qualifications. It then defines tourism, hospitality, and various tourism products. It discusses the UNWTO and other definitions of tourism. It also explains concepts related to marketing like the 4 P's of marketing, types of marketing, branding, and the key marketing concepts for tourism and hospitality industries. Finally, it discusses planning for services marketing in the tourism sector.
Gustavo Rivas is a public relations professional with over 10 years of experience in the tourism industry. He currently works for Latitude International, representing clients such as Puerto Vallarta Tourism Board and Ecuador Ministry of Tourism. Previously, he worked for Mexico Tourism Board in New York. His responsibilities include maintaining media relationships, designing PR campaigns, developing social media strategies, managing crises, and organizing press trips. He has a Master's degree in organizational communication and public relations and is bilingual in Spanish and English. References praise his professionalism, preparation, creativity, and ability to work well under pressure.
Robin Mason has over 15 years of experience managing sustainable tourism projects around the world. She has extensive skills in destination management, business analysis, and project monitoring. Mason has a Master's degree in Tourism Administration and International Development. She is fluent in English and competent in Spanish and Portuguese.
The document discusses several factors that could impact whether tourism will continue growing globally or potentially stop spreading in some areas. It considers whether concepts like resort lifecycles, climate change, sustainable tourism management, and economic/political shifts could lead tourism to reach saturation points in some destinations, while new markets like China and technology continue fueling overall growth. Crises are also discussed as unpredictable disruptors that challenge tourism businesses to adapt.
INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM - SANSKRITI UNIVERISTY IRFAN BASHIR
Tourism is defined as travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. It is a complex, multi-sector industry that is a major economic driver for many countries. While tourism brings benefits like job creation and increased income, it also introduces costs such as environmental degradation, increased crime, and cultural impacts on host communities. Effective tourism management requires understanding the interrelated components of the industry including tourists, host communities, infrastructure and operating sectors.
The involvement of hotels in promotional activities of the tourist destination of Belgrade is analysed based on the questionnaire adressed to 44 hotels. They confirmed cooperation with Tourist Organisation of Belgrade (TOB), but that cooperation is not satisfactory for them. Only 37% of respondents have help from TOB in promotional activities of hotel, while hotels involved in promotional activities organised by TOB only sometimes do. Rrelatively small percent (22%) have received free promotional materials from TOB. Also, 50 and 40% of respondents consider that Tourist Organization of Serbia and the relevant ministry, respectively, promote Belgrade as a tourist destination in an inadequate way. Nevertheless, all respondents expressed their readiness to participate in the joint promotion of Belgrade tourist offer, but so far only some of them have been involved occasionally in the preparation of promotional material or the development of programs, and that only 12% of the hotels were contacted for participation on fairs.
Wine tourism is an important factor for tourism positioning in Serbia. The development of wine tourism contributes to the recognition of tourist regions and creates competitive advantages. Serbia has great potential for wine tourism development given its long tradition of grape cultivation and wine production. Future development of wine tourism could enrich Serbia's tourist offering and increase tourist satisfaction and spending. Small wine producers in particular could benefit from wine tourism by developing their brands and increasing wine sales.
Chapter 2 Strategic Planning and Management (Destination Management)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses strategic planning and management for tourism. It provides an overview of what a strategic plan is and its importance for outlining an organization's purpose and goals. It also discusses key components of a strategic plan like the mission statement and SWOT analysis. Additionally, it discusses strategic planning processes for tourism, including assessing attractions, infrastructure, marketing, and organizational structure. The importance of infrastructure development, carrying capacity, and developing a destination management plan are also covered.
Chapter 1 Tourism and Hospitality Marketing (Tourism and Hospitality Marketing )Md Shaifullar Rabbi
This document provides an overview of tourism and hospitality marketing presented by Md. Shaifullar Rabbi. It begins with Rabbi's professional experience and educational qualifications. It then defines tourism, hospitality, and various tourism products. It discusses the UNWTO and other definitions of tourism. It also explains concepts related to marketing like the 4 P's of marketing, types of marketing, branding, and the key marketing concepts for tourism and hospitality industries. Finally, it discusses planning for services marketing in the tourism sector.
Gustavo Rivas is a public relations professional with over 10 years of experience in the tourism industry. He currently works for Latitude International, representing clients such as Puerto Vallarta Tourism Board and Ecuador Ministry of Tourism. Previously, he worked for Mexico Tourism Board in New York. His responsibilities include maintaining media relationships, designing PR campaigns, developing social media strategies, managing crises, and organizing press trips. He has a Master's degree in organizational communication and public relations and is bilingual in Spanish and English. References praise his professionalism, preparation, creativity, and ability to work well under pressure.
Robin Mason has over 15 years of experience managing sustainable tourism projects around the world. She has extensive skills in destination management, business analysis, and project monitoring. Mason has a Master's degree in Tourism Administration and International Development. She is fluent in English and competent in Spanish and Portuguese.
The document discusses several factors that could impact whether tourism will continue growing globally or potentially stop spreading in some areas. It considers whether concepts like resort lifecycles, climate change, sustainable tourism management, and economic/political shifts could lead tourism to reach saturation points in some destinations, while new markets like China and technology continue fueling overall growth. Crises are also discussed as unpredictable disruptors that challenge tourism businesses to adapt.
INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM - SANSKRITI UNIVERISTY IRFAN BASHIR
Tourism is defined as travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. It is a complex, multi-sector industry that is a major economic driver for many countries. While tourism brings benefits like job creation and increased income, it also introduces costs such as environmental degradation, increased crime, and cultural impacts on host communities. Effective tourism management requires understanding the interrelated components of the industry including tourists, host communities, infrastructure and operating sectors.
Tourism is a complex multi-sector industry that involves the movement and accommodation of people traveling to destinations outside their home environment. It provides economic benefits through job creation and foreign exchange earnings, but can also impose social and environmental costs on host communities. The tourism industry comprises several operating sectors including transportation, accommodation, food services, attractions, and tour operators that work together to meet the needs of various types of visitors engaging in tourism for purposes like business, pleasure, and visiting friends and relatives.
Robert Mintz is an experienced Global Travel Manager with over 20 years of experience managing global travel programs. He has extensive experience overseeing travel for large organizations, including Rotary International where he created a global travel purchasing platform serving over 10,000 travelers in 200 countries. Mintz has a proven track record of delivering excellent customer service while achieving significant cost savings through strategic vendor negotiations and program management. He holds an M.A. in International Studies and certifications in global travel management and security.
Final of final final version of marketingTam Jeffrey
This document is a marketing plan proposal from the SEM 003 Group 4 comprised of 5 students. The proposal is for a new Hong Kong-based travel agency called Periwinkle Travel targeting middle-aged mainland Chinese couples. The plan includes a competitor analysis, SWOT analysis, objectives, target market segmentation and profile, marketing strategies involving educational day tours, promotional activities, pricing, and an implementation timeline with budget and control measures.
Chapter 1 Tourism Plan and Strategy (Tourism Planning and Development)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses tourism planning and strategy. It covers several key topics in 3 paragraphs or less:
Tourism planning aims to balance sustainable resource use, visitor satisfaction, community integration, and economic success. It is a continuous, comprehensive, and integrated process focusing on sustainable development and community involvement.
Tourism policy provides rules and guidelines for long-term tourism development and daily destination activities. It involves components like attractions, accommodations, facilities, transportation, infrastructure, and institutions.
Key players in tourism planning include tourists, the host community, the tourism industry, and government agencies at local, regional, national and international levels. Planning requires coordination between the public and private sectors.
The document outlines South Africa's 2012-2020 Domestic Tourism Growth Strategy. It aims to increase domestic tourism's contribution to GDP by growing the domestic market. The four strategic objectives are to increase expenditure, volume, combat seasonality, and enhance a culture of travel. Five domestic market segments are identified based on demographics and travel preferences. The strategy will be implemented through activities like improving existing offerings, developing new products, and marketing campaigns tailored to each segment.
Chapter 6 Tourism Planning for Sustainable Destinations and Sites (Tourism Pl...Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses sustainable tourism planning and development. It defines sustainable tourism as visiting destinations in a way that minimizes negative environmental, social, and economic impacts. It outlines the three dimensions of sustainable tourism as environmental, economic, and social. It also discusses principles of sustainable tourism development such as optimizing resource use, reducing overconsumption, maintaining biodiversity, and ensuring long-term economic benefits.
The Bangladesh Tourism Foundation is launching a long-term campaign program to promote tourism in Bangladesh. This will involve identifying key tourism destinations and circuits, collecting visitor data, and developing a branding and promotion strategy. They will conduct surveys of 64 districts to evaluate existing tourist attractions and infrastructure. The best 8 projects will then be selected for further promotion. The goals are to increase tourist arrivals, create new accommodations and services, generate employment, and boost local economies. Recommendations will be made to improve the selection of circuits and destinations based on demand and sustainability. The program aims to globally brand Bangladesh's natural and cultural assets to attract more international visitors.
Chapter 6 Tourism, Environment and Wildlife (Destination Management)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
This document discusses tourism policy and planning in Bangladesh. It provides background on Bangladesh's tourism policies over time, from the first in 1992 to updated policies in 2009 and 2010. It notes issues with inconsistent policies being announced and a lack of information available in the Bengali language. The document also outlines the objectives of the 2010 tourism policy, which include developing regulations, planning tourism industries, raising awareness, and protecting the environment and local communities. It evaluates the implementation of the 2010 policy and discusses protected areas in Bangladesh that aim to conserve biodiversity and wildlife.
The document provides language examples for travel agents to use when taking bookings, such as asking for availability and taking customer details. It also discusses using indirect questions as a more polite way to ask for information, especially at the beginning of a conversation, for example asking "Can you tell me how many people it is for?" rather than the direct "How many people is it for?". The focus is on providing polite and effective communication for travel agents when interacting with customers.
Kohei Takeshita from Japan has 7 years of experience in marketing and wants to introduce Japanese traditional culture to foreign tourists in a useful way. He estimates that 40 million tourists visit Japan each year, with the top 5 countries accounting for over 70% of total tourism spending of $45 billion. Most tourists arrange their own travel online and find information online as well. Kohei proposes a curated web media providing local travel tips, spots, culture and experiences to help foreign visitors, especially repeat visitors, better understand and experience Japanese culture through a centralized information source.
Tourism supply relies on many interconnected factors including natural resources, transportation, accommodations, attractions and activities. It is a composite product made up of various components that may be purchased separately or together. Local governments play an important role in tourism supply by providing infrastructure, visitor attractions, information, environmental stewardship and support for economic and social development. The private sector includes small businesses and large companies, while the not-for-profit sector focuses on conservation and protecting natural and cultural assets without a profit motive.
General Guidelines:
All sections taking up Tourism Planning and Development will be submitting a hard copy of documentation / project on Tourism Planning and Development Proposal which will serve as 60% of the final exam. This will be evaluated with rubrics. The other 40% will be based on the final presentation.
Each class will be divided into 4-5 members per group.
Each group will have to come up with a tourism development plan of any destination (within Batangas Province only) that has great potential to become a great tourist destination.
The output off all groups will be presented of the last week of December at the classroom for preliminary screening and choosing of 1 group finalist per section for Tour Plan Colloquium.
Guidelines for TOUR PLAN Paper
1. The paper must be written in letter-size paper (8 1/2 x 11)
2. Font Style is Arial Narrow, Font size is 11
3. Margin is 1.5 left and 1 on top, right and bottom
4. Please put page number on bottom-centre of each paper
5. Tour Plan Projects will be checked by the instructor from time to time and a WPR must be attached to the written report.
7. Over it working is strictly prohibited.
This document discusses key concepts relating to tourist destinations including:
- Destinations are places where tourism consumption occurs and are a main factor in tourists' decisions.
- There are different types of destinations like coastal, urban, and rural with examples given.
- Key features that define a destination include attractions, access, infrastructure, and ability to manage resources.
- Destination competitiveness relies on effective management of resources and awareness of demand and supply factors.
- Collaboration between destinations provides benefits like risk reduction and increased visitor flows.
- Destination management organizations coordinate tourism systems through roles like marketing, development and sustainability.
The document discusses the Travel and Tourism program at St. Cloud State University. It provides an overview of the Travel and Tourism Club, which organizes career events and site visits. It also outlines requirements for the Travel and Tourism major and minor, which prepare students for careers in the travel industry through coursework, projects, and internships. The program faculty are listed, and it is noted that the travel and tourism industry employs over 200 million people worldwide and contributes significantly to the Minnesota economy.
This document discusses tourism marketing in India. It notes that tourism is a large industry in India, contributing over 6% to GDP. India receives over 5 million foreign tourists and 562 million domestic tourists annually. The tourism industry generated $100 billion in 2008, and is expected to grow to $275.5 billion by 2018. As tourism involves experiences that cannot be sampled, marketing relies on trust, relationships, and delivering value. Tourism is an intangible, inseparable service that varies depending on customers and locations. Marketing strategies include developing diverse tour packages, promotion campaigns, managing places and people, streamlining processes, and ensuring good physical customer experiences. The scope of tourism marketing could be expanded by promoting undiscovered locations.
The document discusses tourism planning and provides an overview of key concepts and processes involved. It explains that tourism planning aims to properly allocate tourism facilities and infrastructure based on natural resources, economic and social conditions, and the environment. The planning process involves assessing factors like demand, supply, impacts and developing strategies and action plans to achieve sustainable tourism development goals. Public and private stakeholders are involved in the planning at different levels from local to international.
Paths for smart tourism opportunities towards beer consumers (Poster)Jan Lichota
EBC Congress 2019, Antwerp, June 2019: Poster.
Key aspects of smart tourism that may be applicable to
beer consumers in search of a visitor’s experience. The results aim to leverage from tourist characteristics and technology framework towards setting paths for future development of smart tourism experiences for confirmed beer consumers or those that may develop their interest for beer.
Tourism industry-study of demand and supply factorsNanditaAgrawal4
This document discusses demand and supply in the tourism industry. It notes that tourism demand is the total number of people traveling away from home, and in 2016 tourism generated $7.6 trillion or 10% of global GDP and employed 292 million people. Factors like economic conditions, geopolitics, technology, culture, natural disasters, and epidemics can affect tourism demand. Tourism supply is the value of tourism products sold to tourists including accommodations, food, transport, and retail. Supply is affected by factors like industry booms or turbulence, government policies, globalization, competition, alternative economic activities, economies of scale, and increasing numbers of firms.
This document provides an introduction to a principles of tourism course at the School of Hospitality Management. It outlines the course objectives to define tourism concepts, identify tourism industry components, and evaluate career opportunities. It also describes the professor's background, class rules, grading system, and reference materials. Key concepts covered include defining domestic, international and visitors, the economic importance of tourism, and the costs and benefits of tourism to host communities.
Tourism is an activity that can improve main macroeconomic indicators. The opportunities for sustainable tourism development and the preservation of its competitiveness is largely influenced by the quality of the environment and the preservation of goods and resources. The paper will examine the impact of the number of international arrivals and receipts from international tourism on the GDP per capita for 2009-2015 and its impact on unemployment and the human development index as the selected component of sustainable development. Based on the relationship between these values, the basic relations between the selected indicators will be identified. The results will include all aspects, establish priorities, concrete proposals - strategic projects that can be realized in the coming period in order to increase the number of tourists and tourism revenues, which would affect the economic growth and development of the Republic of Serbia.
Different aspects-of-tourism-marketing-strategies-with-special-reference-to-b...Rokibul Rs
This document analyzes tourism marketing strategies in Bangladesh. It discusses how tourism can contribute significantly to the economy if proper marketing plans and strategies are developed and implemented. Tourism demand depends on factors like attractions, costs, security, accommodation, entertainment and political stability. The study uses a questionnaire survey of 115 domestic and foreign tourists and regression analysis to determine how these variables impact tourism in Bangladesh. It finds that attractions and costs have a positive impact, while recommending that integrated marketing be used to develop the tourism sector and realize its potential for economic growth.
Tourism is a complex multi-sector industry that involves the movement and accommodation of people traveling to destinations outside their home environment. It provides economic benefits through job creation and foreign exchange earnings, but can also impose social and environmental costs on host communities. The tourism industry comprises several operating sectors including transportation, accommodation, food services, attractions, and tour operators that work together to meet the needs of various types of visitors engaging in tourism for purposes like business, pleasure, and visiting friends and relatives.
Robert Mintz is an experienced Global Travel Manager with over 20 years of experience managing global travel programs. He has extensive experience overseeing travel for large organizations, including Rotary International where he created a global travel purchasing platform serving over 10,000 travelers in 200 countries. Mintz has a proven track record of delivering excellent customer service while achieving significant cost savings through strategic vendor negotiations and program management. He holds an M.A. in International Studies and certifications in global travel management and security.
Final of final final version of marketingTam Jeffrey
This document is a marketing plan proposal from the SEM 003 Group 4 comprised of 5 students. The proposal is for a new Hong Kong-based travel agency called Periwinkle Travel targeting middle-aged mainland Chinese couples. The plan includes a competitor analysis, SWOT analysis, objectives, target market segmentation and profile, marketing strategies involving educational day tours, promotional activities, pricing, and an implementation timeline with budget and control measures.
Chapter 1 Tourism Plan and Strategy (Tourism Planning and Development)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses tourism planning and strategy. It covers several key topics in 3 paragraphs or less:
Tourism planning aims to balance sustainable resource use, visitor satisfaction, community integration, and economic success. It is a continuous, comprehensive, and integrated process focusing on sustainable development and community involvement.
Tourism policy provides rules and guidelines for long-term tourism development and daily destination activities. It involves components like attractions, accommodations, facilities, transportation, infrastructure, and institutions.
Key players in tourism planning include tourists, the host community, the tourism industry, and government agencies at local, regional, national and international levels. Planning requires coordination between the public and private sectors.
The document outlines South Africa's 2012-2020 Domestic Tourism Growth Strategy. It aims to increase domestic tourism's contribution to GDP by growing the domestic market. The four strategic objectives are to increase expenditure, volume, combat seasonality, and enhance a culture of travel. Five domestic market segments are identified based on demographics and travel preferences. The strategy will be implemented through activities like improving existing offerings, developing new products, and marketing campaigns tailored to each segment.
Chapter 6 Tourism Planning for Sustainable Destinations and Sites (Tourism Pl...Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses sustainable tourism planning and development. It defines sustainable tourism as visiting destinations in a way that minimizes negative environmental, social, and economic impacts. It outlines the three dimensions of sustainable tourism as environmental, economic, and social. It also discusses principles of sustainable tourism development such as optimizing resource use, reducing overconsumption, maintaining biodiversity, and ensuring long-term economic benefits.
The Bangladesh Tourism Foundation is launching a long-term campaign program to promote tourism in Bangladesh. This will involve identifying key tourism destinations and circuits, collecting visitor data, and developing a branding and promotion strategy. They will conduct surveys of 64 districts to evaluate existing tourist attractions and infrastructure. The best 8 projects will then be selected for further promotion. The goals are to increase tourist arrivals, create new accommodations and services, generate employment, and boost local economies. Recommendations will be made to improve the selection of circuits and destinations based on demand and sustainability. The program aims to globally brand Bangladesh's natural and cultural assets to attract more international visitors.
Chapter 6 Tourism, Environment and Wildlife (Destination Management)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
This document discusses tourism policy and planning in Bangladesh. It provides background on Bangladesh's tourism policies over time, from the first in 1992 to updated policies in 2009 and 2010. It notes issues with inconsistent policies being announced and a lack of information available in the Bengali language. The document also outlines the objectives of the 2010 tourism policy, which include developing regulations, planning tourism industries, raising awareness, and protecting the environment and local communities. It evaluates the implementation of the 2010 policy and discusses protected areas in Bangladesh that aim to conserve biodiversity and wildlife.
The document provides language examples for travel agents to use when taking bookings, such as asking for availability and taking customer details. It also discusses using indirect questions as a more polite way to ask for information, especially at the beginning of a conversation, for example asking "Can you tell me how many people it is for?" rather than the direct "How many people is it for?". The focus is on providing polite and effective communication for travel agents when interacting with customers.
Kohei Takeshita from Japan has 7 years of experience in marketing and wants to introduce Japanese traditional culture to foreign tourists in a useful way. He estimates that 40 million tourists visit Japan each year, with the top 5 countries accounting for over 70% of total tourism spending of $45 billion. Most tourists arrange their own travel online and find information online as well. Kohei proposes a curated web media providing local travel tips, spots, culture and experiences to help foreign visitors, especially repeat visitors, better understand and experience Japanese culture through a centralized information source.
Tourism supply relies on many interconnected factors including natural resources, transportation, accommodations, attractions and activities. It is a composite product made up of various components that may be purchased separately or together. Local governments play an important role in tourism supply by providing infrastructure, visitor attractions, information, environmental stewardship and support for economic and social development. The private sector includes small businesses and large companies, while the not-for-profit sector focuses on conservation and protecting natural and cultural assets without a profit motive.
General Guidelines:
All sections taking up Tourism Planning and Development will be submitting a hard copy of documentation / project on Tourism Planning and Development Proposal which will serve as 60% of the final exam. This will be evaluated with rubrics. The other 40% will be based on the final presentation.
Each class will be divided into 4-5 members per group.
Each group will have to come up with a tourism development plan of any destination (within Batangas Province only) that has great potential to become a great tourist destination.
The output off all groups will be presented of the last week of December at the classroom for preliminary screening and choosing of 1 group finalist per section for Tour Plan Colloquium.
Guidelines for TOUR PLAN Paper
1. The paper must be written in letter-size paper (8 1/2 x 11)
2. Font Style is Arial Narrow, Font size is 11
3. Margin is 1.5 left and 1 on top, right and bottom
4. Please put page number on bottom-centre of each paper
5. Tour Plan Projects will be checked by the instructor from time to time and a WPR must be attached to the written report.
7. Over it working is strictly prohibited.
This document discusses key concepts relating to tourist destinations including:
- Destinations are places where tourism consumption occurs and are a main factor in tourists' decisions.
- There are different types of destinations like coastal, urban, and rural with examples given.
- Key features that define a destination include attractions, access, infrastructure, and ability to manage resources.
- Destination competitiveness relies on effective management of resources and awareness of demand and supply factors.
- Collaboration between destinations provides benefits like risk reduction and increased visitor flows.
- Destination management organizations coordinate tourism systems through roles like marketing, development and sustainability.
The document discusses the Travel and Tourism program at St. Cloud State University. It provides an overview of the Travel and Tourism Club, which organizes career events and site visits. It also outlines requirements for the Travel and Tourism major and minor, which prepare students for careers in the travel industry through coursework, projects, and internships. The program faculty are listed, and it is noted that the travel and tourism industry employs over 200 million people worldwide and contributes significantly to the Minnesota economy.
This document discusses tourism marketing in India. It notes that tourism is a large industry in India, contributing over 6% to GDP. India receives over 5 million foreign tourists and 562 million domestic tourists annually. The tourism industry generated $100 billion in 2008, and is expected to grow to $275.5 billion by 2018. As tourism involves experiences that cannot be sampled, marketing relies on trust, relationships, and delivering value. Tourism is an intangible, inseparable service that varies depending on customers and locations. Marketing strategies include developing diverse tour packages, promotion campaigns, managing places and people, streamlining processes, and ensuring good physical customer experiences. The scope of tourism marketing could be expanded by promoting undiscovered locations.
The document discusses tourism planning and provides an overview of key concepts and processes involved. It explains that tourism planning aims to properly allocate tourism facilities and infrastructure based on natural resources, economic and social conditions, and the environment. The planning process involves assessing factors like demand, supply, impacts and developing strategies and action plans to achieve sustainable tourism development goals. Public and private stakeholders are involved in the planning at different levels from local to international.
Paths for smart tourism opportunities towards beer consumers (Poster)Jan Lichota
EBC Congress 2019, Antwerp, June 2019: Poster.
Key aspects of smart tourism that may be applicable to
beer consumers in search of a visitor’s experience. The results aim to leverage from tourist characteristics and technology framework towards setting paths for future development of smart tourism experiences for confirmed beer consumers or those that may develop their interest for beer.
Tourism industry-study of demand and supply factorsNanditaAgrawal4
This document discusses demand and supply in the tourism industry. It notes that tourism demand is the total number of people traveling away from home, and in 2016 tourism generated $7.6 trillion or 10% of global GDP and employed 292 million people. Factors like economic conditions, geopolitics, technology, culture, natural disasters, and epidemics can affect tourism demand. Tourism supply is the value of tourism products sold to tourists including accommodations, food, transport, and retail. Supply is affected by factors like industry booms or turbulence, government policies, globalization, competition, alternative economic activities, economies of scale, and increasing numbers of firms.
This document provides an introduction to a principles of tourism course at the School of Hospitality Management. It outlines the course objectives to define tourism concepts, identify tourism industry components, and evaluate career opportunities. It also describes the professor's background, class rules, grading system, and reference materials. Key concepts covered include defining domestic, international and visitors, the economic importance of tourism, and the costs and benefits of tourism to host communities.
Tourism is an activity that can improve main macroeconomic indicators. The opportunities for sustainable tourism development and the preservation of its competitiveness is largely influenced by the quality of the environment and the preservation of goods and resources. The paper will examine the impact of the number of international arrivals and receipts from international tourism on the GDP per capita for 2009-2015 and its impact on unemployment and the human development index as the selected component of sustainable development. Based on the relationship between these values, the basic relations between the selected indicators will be identified. The results will include all aspects, establish priorities, concrete proposals - strategic projects that can be realized in the coming period in order to increase the number of tourists and tourism revenues, which would affect the economic growth and development of the Republic of Serbia.
Different aspects-of-tourism-marketing-strategies-with-special-reference-to-b...Rokibul Rs
This document analyzes tourism marketing strategies in Bangladesh. It discusses how tourism can contribute significantly to the economy if proper marketing plans and strategies are developed and implemented. Tourism demand depends on factors like attractions, costs, security, accommodation, entertainment and political stability. The study uses a questionnaire survey of 115 domestic and foreign tourists and regression analysis to determine how these variables impact tourism in Bangladesh. It finds that attractions and costs have a positive impact, while recommending that integrated marketing be used to develop the tourism sector and realize its potential for economic growth.
0601098 country branding in the context of tourism industry Supa Buoy
This document is a project report on country branding in the context of tourism industry. It discusses key concepts of country branding including defining a country as a brand, the purpose of nation branding to differentiate a country, and how branding can position a country. It also covers lessons from corporate branding that can apply to countries and examines how tourism branding can help or hinder overall country branding. The report emphasizes the complexity of branding a nation and that the process requires research and input from stakeholders to create a brand that represents all aspects of a country.
Cross cultural tourism study the case of dubai in use by Siddhartha Mukherjeesiddharthamukherjee35
This document discusses cross-cultural tourism in Dubai, UAE. It notes that cultural differences are especially relevant for the tourism industry, where people from different cultures interact. Dubai has transformed from one of the least developed regions 40 years ago to a top global tourist destination, due to its luxury accommodations and attractions. However, the large cultural distance between tourists and Dubai's culture can impact host perceptions. Understanding this impact is important for Dubai to successfully plan tourism and achieve its goal of 20 million visitors by 2020. Both positive impacts like cultural exchange and negative impacts like commercialization of culture must be considered in tourism planning to promote sustainable development and minimize cultural harm.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the impact of relationship marketing and marketing mix on MICE (meetings, incentives, conventions, and exhibitions) tourism attraction in Bandung City, Indonesia. The study found that relationship marketing and marketing mix were properly implemented in Bandung City, and MICE tourism attraction was quite high. Statistical analysis showed that relationship marketing and marketing mix had a positive and significant effect on MICE tourism attraction in Bandung City, both individually and simultaneously. The study concluded that relationship marketing and effective use of the marketing mix can increase MICE tourism attraction in the city.
Here are the key points about the rise of tourism and the Roman Empire:
- Tourism began among the wealthy classes in ancient civilizations like Phoenicia, Rome, Egypt, Greece, and China who traveled out of curiosity and adventure.
- As the Roman Empire expanded across Europe and the Mediterranean, travel increased both within the empire for business and politics, as well as leisure travel to popular destinations.
- The Roman road network was crucial for facilitating travel and trade throughout the empire. This helped spread Roman culture and allowed people to explore the different regions more easily.
- Wealthy Romans would travel to coastal and countryside villas to escape the heat of cities in the summer months. Their large entourages of servants
In the present conditions, Serbia is ahead of the choice of development model and economic growth. The object of this paper is to look at the place and role of tourism in general economic development. The aim of the paper is to present the facts that tourism in Serbia still does not take adequate treatment in strategy and development models. Serbia with no doubt has the quality of the basic for the development of tourism. Natural attractions, as well as the established level of accommodations and other facilities refers to the fact that Serbia can develop many types of tourism, especially if it is taken into account the spatial diversity of Serbian natural resources. These resources offer opportunities for practicing a variety of sports and recreational activities (in the winter and summer season), as well as recovery and rehabilitation, and engaging in hunting and fishing and other activities related to staying in a number of destinations (points, areas) in Serbia.
This document discusses a proposed study on the competitiveness of tour guides in Bicol Region in the Philippines as a basis for developing a training plan. It provides background information on tourism and the role of tour guides. The study aims to determine tour guides' profiles, assess their performance in terms of knowledge, skills and attitude, and identify challenges they face. The results will be used to propose ways to enhance tour guide performance in the region. A descriptive research method will be employed using questionnaires distributed to 380 tour guides and tourists. Data will be analyzed using weighted mean and Likert scales to understand tour guide competitiveness and inform the development of a training plan.
The document discusses wedding tourism in Tuscany, Italy and the role of local wedding planners in developing Tuscany as a wedding destination. It provides background on concepts like tourist destinations, destination lifecycles, and entrepreneurial innovation and networking. The main points are:
1) Local wedding planners in Tuscany act as coordinators, managing local suppliers and authorities to provide wedding services.
2) As a new type of tourism is emerging, wedding planners can act as innovators, creating new business models to diverge from existing practices.
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Tourist development parameters of Serbia on the world tourist market
1.
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TOURIST DEVELOPMENT PARAMETERS OF SERBIA ON THE
WORLD TOURIST MARKET
Tamara Gajić1
; Aleksandra Vujko2
;
Abstract
Mass tourism has never been characteristic of Serbia, even though it is
the branch of the economy which could help solve many economic
problems. It is known that the amount of tourist visits to Serbia is not
proportional to its anthropogenic and natural resources. There are all
prerequisites for the massive development of tourist activity, but also a
large number of obstacles to this development. Serbia has comparative
advantages due to diversified tourist offer and proximity to already
affirmed offers on the tourism market. In this paper, an analysis of the
existing market position of Serbia as a tourist destination on the
international tourist market was made, using the parameters from the T &
T Competitiveness Index for 2017. The aim of the research is to indicate
that Serbia has still not taken an adequate competitive position in relation
to other tourist destinations in the region and the world.
Key Words: quality parameters, development, tourist market, Serbia.
JEL classification: L83, Z32
Introduction
In the last decades Serbia has been going through a very turbulent period
and a difficult political and economic crisis, which certainly has negative
impact on the entire economy, including tourism. However, before the
break-up of former Yugoslavia, which included Serbia, the state of
tourism development was at a satisfactory level. After the break-up of the
state and war events in the region, Serbia alone does not take a prominent
position on the tourist market. It loses a significant part of the space, and
therefore of what it has to offer on that market. Today, there are all the
1
Tamara Gajic, PhD, professor of vocational studies, Novi Sad Business School,
063565544, tamara.gajic.1977@gmail.com
2
Aleksandra Vujko, professor of vocational studies, Novi Sad Business School,
0649142645, aleksandravujko@yahoo.com
3. 223
preconditions for a massive development of tourism in Serbia, but Serbia
has not built the image of a recognizable destination in the world (Gajiš et
al, 2017).
The Republic of Serbia has a very important and favorable geographic,
geostrategic and macro-regional position that provides it with a transit
and intermediary role in relation to its closer and further environment.
Serbia has other advantages: a specific relief and climate, the flora and
fauna, rivers and lakes, spas, protected areas of nature, valuable cultural
and historical monuments. The problem lies in the insufficient building up
of the image as an important segment of the positioning of the destination
on the tourist market (Bagozzi et al, 2002).
The image of a tourist destination is of universal importance if a tourist
destination wants to be competitive on the local or global market (Kim et
al, 2001). In the modern international tourism market, from year to year,
there is a growing competition among the main actors of the tourist offer.
In order for Serbia to take a better position, it is necessary to offer
existing and potential consumers something that is different, better and
more attractive than competitors. The authors of the paper, with the help
of data from the T & T Competitiveness Index for 2017, tried to point out
the current position of Serbia with the quality of tourist services on the
world tourist market. In addition to these data, all available literature and
secondary documentation were used.
Literature review
Serbia slowly started on the road to branding its tourist offer, but there is
still a lot of work left in that area. Branding in tourism is a process that
separates a particular destination according to its characteristics, creating
a destination identity. At the same time, the greatest success is achieved
by emphasizing authenticity, and Serbia has a lot of potential in this. The
goal is to create a unique perception about Serbia as a tourist country in
the international market, that is, a unique promise of fundamental values
that should then be delivered, visible in all segments of tourism business
and at all levels: national, regional, local (Dutton et al, 1994, Baggio et al,
2007; Hudson et al, 2008).
Also, it is often neglected that communicators of the tourism brand are of
different structures, from the country's foreign policy, sporting success
4. 224
through culture, celebrities in the diaspora and all other actors that
connect to a country (Petroviš et al, 2017).
One of the tasks in the future is to transform Serbia into a high-end
lifestyle destination. This means that Serbia should have a communication
with the market based on the authenticity of nature and cultural and
historical heritage, and tourism marketing based on experiences and
emotions. They need to be highlighted through marketing Serbia‘s natural
beauty, cultural heritage, relaxed atmosphere and kindness of the hosts,
original local specialties, top quality wine (Vujko et al, 2014).
So, the brand should be embedded with values that draw tourists‘
attention. The power of branding is well documented in tourism and
hospitality. Brand attractiveness is a consumer's positive assessment of
the brand's identity in relation to how it helps consumers meet their self-
definitional needs.
The tourism and hospitality industry has extensively adopted branding
strategies to set products and services apart from competitors (Choi et al,
2001; Baggio, 2014). Globalization leads to the need to create a unique
brand, countries, regions, destinations and cities (Farell et al, 2014;
Cerina et al, 2007). Namely, the ubiquitous process of globalization has
resulted in significant changes in tourism trends, tourism consumption,
supply and demand, as well as greater differences in the degree of
development of tourist regions and destinations.
By branding, tourist destinations tend to create recognition and
differentiation in relation to other regions (MCKinnon, 1964; So et al,
2013). It is necessary to create a unique web of offers of tourism products
and services that will be recognizable and characteristic of a particular
destination, which will differentiate that destination from other
competitors, and contribute to a more successful development
management. Under positioning and branding, it means a systematic
process of analyzing and making decisions in order to find the most
suitable and profitable position of a particular product, service,
destination, object and other, in the consumer's awareness of the
competition (Nam et al, 2001; Urde et al, 2013; Zrantonello et al, 2013).
At the core of the positioning process, at the same time, analysis of
consumers and competitors is contained. The brand makes it easy to make
a decision to purchase a particular product or service quality (Lozano et
5. 225
al, 2008). First of all, it means identification, convenience, optimization,
characterization, continuity, hedonism and product ethics, or the
combination of these different factors that give the product or service
identity and make it different from other products or services. Today,
cities, regions and countries are seeking to bring their services closer to
consumers and users in such a way that they differentiate themselves from
their competitors with their brand.
The brand represents the sum of all tangible and intangible product
characteristics. From all of the above said, it can be concluded that the
brand is the name and symbol that identifies: the source of the
relationship and the relationship between the producer and the buyer, the
source of promise to the buyer and the uniqueness of a product or service
and a set of all positive or negative experiences that customers had the
opportunity to have with some product or service.
In this way, it is easier for a tourist destination to find channels to sell its
products to a greater number of tourists, to find the best workforce and to
attract a greater number of investments. This makes the destination easier
to position on the global and national level. It can be said that by branding
the destination and creating a successful destination brand, it prevents the
loss of its attractiveness even in the times of crisis. Today, many
destinations in the world have the advantage of being recognized globally
by their specific characteristics, but it is certainly necessary to invest in
branding to increase their competitiveness on the world market.
Although a tourist destination may offer very good tourist products and
unforgettable experiences to its visitors, if it is not able to make the
potential tourists aware of the fact that its offer is better and more
attractive compared to other destinations, it will not be able to persuade
potential tourists to visit it. The goal of every business is to create the
stability of the need to improve products and services in order to achieve
competitiveness, job survival (enterprises) and jobs. This is achieved by
quality service. The assessment of the quality of the services provided is
certainly the best criterion for maintaining the position on the market.
The strategy of positioning tourist destinations is aimed at aligning their
position with the needs of the target market. Tourist spending is triggered
by many industries for the purpose of providing tourist services. The
particular economic value of tourism is precisely in connecting the
economy. As a result, many countries are turning tourism into
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development priorities. When it comes to tourism in Serbia, it is possible
to have high multiplicative effects on income and employment. It is the
economy of preserved natural values.
Analysis of Serbia's position on the tourism market in the World and
Region
The Republic of Serbia has an excellent geographical and strategic
position in the region, which can be seen on the map.
Map 1: Position of Republic of Serbia in Europe
Source: www.serbia.maps.com
The table shows the realized tourist traffic for the period from 2011 to
2015. It can be noticed that there is an increase in the number of tourist
arrivals and overnight stays, but it is still not an expansive phenomenon,
7. 227
which would contribute to the overall development of the economy and a
better position on the market.
In this part of the paper, there are tables showing data that point to the
position of Serbia on the world tourist market. A total of 134 countries
were taken for a comparative analysis, and a total of 13 parameters were
determined, which determine the quality of the service, and at the same
time the possible brand.
Table 1: The number of tourist arrivals realized (2011-2015).
Year Total Domestic Foreign
2011 2068610 1130443 764167
2012 2079643 1269676 809967
2013 2192435 1270667 921768
2014 2192269 1163536 1028732
2015 2437165 1304944 1132221
Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia
Table 2: Realized number of overnights (2011-2015)
Year Total Domestic Foreign
2011 6644738 5001684 1643054
2012 6484702 4688485 1796271
2013 6567460 4579067 1988393
2014 6086275 3925221 2161054
2015 6651852 4242172 2409680
Source: Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Serbia
Table 3: Accommodation facilities in Serbia
Year Rooms Beds
2011 50755 127664
2012 46020 113385
2013 43657 107256
2014 43603 102940
2015 45396 106102
Source: Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Serbia
Table 4 shows the position of Serbia from 2008 to 2015. The variance is
noticeable, and it is noticeable that the index is the lowest in 2015, when
Serbia ranks 95th in the world (out of 141 countries surveyed) and 35th in
Europe (out of the 37 countries surveyed).
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Table 4: Competitiveness of Serbia (2008-2015)
Items 2008. 2009. 2011. 2013. 2015.
Index value 3,76 3,71 3,85 3,78 3,34
World rank 78/130 88/133 82/133 89/140 95/141
European rank 37/42 38/42 38/42 40/42 35/37
Source: The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness report, 2017
Table 5: The position of Serbian tourism in the world tourism market and
the ratings for research subjects
World Rank /134 Score
Business Environment 95 3.38
Safety 72 5.41
Health and Hygiene 42 6.04
Human Resources and Labour Market 82 4.43
Prioritization of Travel and Tourism 116 3.60
International Openness 106 2.41
Price Competitiveness 76 4.82
Environmental Sustainability 61 4.18
Transport Infrastructure 84 2.35
Ground and Port Infrastructure 94 2.77
Tourist Service Infrastructure 76 3.92
Natural Resources 130 2.01
Cultural Resources 71 1.65
Source: The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness report, 2017
The quality of evaluated services can be seen in table 5. Of 134 countries
surveyed, Serbia takes the most unsatisfactory positions. The exception is
the estimated value of hygiene that places Serbia at 42nd place in the
world.
If there is a large number of cultural and natural values, there is an
assessment of the quality of these services, but they are still insufficiently
presented on the market. Although the prejudices about the bad situation
in Serbia still persist, security is not so badly assessed. Unfortunately, the
changes in the last decade have brought some negative effects.
We have already mentioned that this region has never been characterized
by mass tourism, but its inherent values put it in a high position of
correlating increasing trends of individual foreign and domestic demand.
Tourism, as a branch of economic activity, is becoming more and more
relevant factor in the global economy. Other branches of economy can be
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directly or indirectly influenced by it. This is why it is somewhat difficult
to precisely define the real contribution in social and economic
development.
The revenue increases every year and it shares the destiny of the whole
Serbian economy. But the inadequate valorization of natural and
anthropogenic values and sources, bad economic structure and
infrastructure, hinders the growth. The best way of defining tourism is to
understand it as a part of the national economy which supplies tourists
who are visiting places outside their permanent residence area.
This branch, undoubtedly, contributes to national economic development
and eliminating the negative image about Serbia. In 1999, the revenue
was 17.9 million dollars; in 2002. about 77 million dollars. The period
between the 80‘s and the 90‘s is not relevant in determining the
conditions of tourist industry because of numerous political events which
were a real obstacle for this type of activity.
The successful long-term tourism development of Serbia and its adequate
position in the selected target markets are influenced above all by the
following three key factors: objective interpretation of the central
elements of the offer in the field of resources and attractions, or defined
strategic potentials for success in tourism; analysis and assessment of the
value of current and expected trends in global tourism and assessment of
realistic opportunities for market penetration and development of Serbia;
competition analysis, which implies structural and process knowledge of
the situation in a real competitive circle.
Table 6 gives an insight into the position of Serbian tourism in the region.
It is noticed that the position is not at an enviable level. Namely, most of
Slovenia and Croatia get the best estimates for most of the services. When
it comes to business environment, Serbia occupies the 112th
position in
the world and scores 4.02. In this category, Slovenia and Macedonia were
best rated. Security and safety are estimated at 5.41, followed by Slovenia
and Croatia. Price competitiveness and tourism infrastructure as well as
cultural resources take a good position.
Tables 7 and 8 give an overview of Serbian tourism in Eastern Europe
and the Balkans. Certain services are divided into categories and are
given estimates for them. Item 1 - T&T policy and enabling conditions:1a
Prioritization of Travel and Tourism, 1b International Openness, 1c Price
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Competitiveness,1d Environmental Sustainability. Item 2 - Infrastructure:
2a Air Transport Infrastructure, 2b Ground and Port Infrastructure. Item
3 - Natural and Cultural resources: 3a Tourist Service Infrastructure,3b
Natural Resources, 3c Cultural Resources.
Table 6: The position of Serbian tourism in the region
Serbia Slovenia
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Montenegro Croatia Macedonia
Business
Environment
112/4.02 80/4.33 127/3.55 77/4.36 114/4.01 40/4.82
Safety and
Security
72/5.41 17/6.20 76/5.37 75/5.41 24/6.09 56/5.57
Health and
Hygiene
42/6.04 43/6.03 58/5.66 52/5.80 19/6.38 44/5.99
Human Resources
and Labour
Market
82/4.43 38/4.91 100/4.17 79/4.46 85/4.39 83/4.42
Prioritization of
Travel and
Tourism
116/3.60 47/4.83 111/3.68 62/4.64 77/4.50 85/4.34
International
Openness
106/2.41 54/3.72 108/2.39 105/2.44 26/4.16 93/2.64
Price
Competitiveness
76/4.82 92/4.63 110/4.33 77/4.82 100/4.45 44/5.20
Environmental
Sustainability
61/4.18 10/5.07 94/3.89 49/4.33 21/4.73 105/3.74
Air Transport
Infrastructure
84/2.35 76/2.46 123/1.76 54/3.01 52/3.00 93/2.18
Ground and Port
Infrastructure
94/2.77 20/4.76 106/2.48 65/3.30 46/3.89 62/3.30
Tourist Service
Infrastructure
76/3.92 25/5.40 78/3.89 28/5.36 5/6.24 72/3.99
Natural Resources 130/2.01 42/4.50 134/1.81 90/2.58 20/4.50 125/2.14
Cultural Resources 71/1.65 92/1.46 102/1.37 132/1.11 39/2.77 105/1.35
Source: The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness report, 2017.
Table 7: The position of Serbia in Eastern Europe and the Balkans
Country
Item 1 Item 2 Item3
1a 1b 1c 1d 2a 2b 2c 3a 3b
Slovenia 4.8 3.7 4.6 5.1 2.5 4.8 5.4 3.8 1.5
Bulgaria 4.3 3.9 5.3 5.0 2.4 3.1 5.8 3.8 2.1
Poland 4.1 4.1 5.5 4.6 2.6 4.3 4.2 3.0 2.8
Hungary 4.9 4.2 4.7 4.7 3.0 4.4 4.4 2.6 2.3
Slovac R. 4.1 3.9 5.0 4.8 1.7 4.2 4.3 3.4 1.5
Romania 3.8 3.9 4.7 4.4 2.4 2.8 4.4 3.0 2.3
Montenegro 4.6 2.4 4.8 4.3 3.0 3.2 5.4 2.6 1.1
Macedonia 4.3 2.6 5.2 3.7 2.2 3.3 4.0 2.1 1.4
Serbia 3.6 2.4 4.8 4.2 2.4 2.8 3.9 2.0 1.7
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Albania 4.6 2.4 4.7 4.1 2.0 3.1 3.9 2.2 1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.7 2.4 4.3 3.9 1.8 2.5 3.9 1.8 1.4
Moldova 3.4 2.1 5.4 4.1 2.0 2.5 2.8 1.6 1.2
Average 4.2 3.2 4.9 4.4 2.3 3.4 4.4 2.7 1.7
Source: The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness report, 2017.
Item 4 - enabling environment: Business environment, Safety and
security, Health and Hygiene, Human resources.
Table 8: The position of Serbia in Eastern Europe and the Balkans
Country
Global
rank
Business
environment
Safety and
security
Health and
hygiene
Human
resource
Slovenia 41 4.3 6.2 6.0 4.9
Bulgaria 45 4.5 5.1 6.6 4.7
Poland 46 4.5 5.7 6.2 4.9
Hungary 49 4.2 5.7 6.6 4.7
Slovac R. 59 4.0 5.6 6.5 4.7
Romania 68 4.4 5.8 6.1 4.4
Montenegro 72 4.4 5.4 5.8 4.5
Macedonia 89 4.8 5.6 6.0 4.4
Serbia 95 4.0 5.4 6.0 4.4
Albania 98 4.1 5.7 5.2 4.9
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
113 3.5 5.4 5.7 4.2
Moldova 117 3.8 5.4 6.1 4.3
Average 4.2 5.6 6.1 4.6
Source: The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness report, 2017.
As the main trends in international tourism that can be of importance for
the development of tourism in Serbia, we can mention: development in a
safer environment; the impact of technology on tourism development; a
trend towards shorter breaks; more demanding and more informed
tourists; increase of participation for elderly people in the total tourist
demand, etc.
Measures that can contribute to the improvement of the tourist offer in
Serbia are related to: introduction of a full quality system in all tourist
institutions and companies, acceleration of the privatization process,
establishment of a clear development strategy, tourism and tourism policy
that will stimulate entrepreneurship, stimulate work, creativity and
motivation of tourist staff. The use of all natural potentials and cultural
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heritage, enriching the tourist offer with various products and services
that will make tourism in Serbia recognizable and attractive.
A special value is a contribution to balanced regional development.
Nothing like tourism is capable of contributing to the acceleration of the
development of less developed areas. Tourism is export at home. Goods
and services are not shipped abroad. According to them, tourists come
from abroad. There is a particular value and special economic importance
of tourism for the development of less developed ones.
The economic functions of tourism constitute a complete subsystem of
the economic system. Stronger tourism functions are fundamental to a
sustainable economic system. At the same time, they encourage other
subsystems by making them sustainable: agriculture, crafts, transport,
culture, food and beverage industry.
A special development aspect of tourism is reflected in the external
effects that tourism has on a range of activities in the economy and
society. Tourism has a high impact on the following economic sectors:
agriculture, food and beverage production, construction, real estate, road
transport, air transport, telecommunications, catering, hotel industry,
entertainment industry, sports events, education (secondary and
university), employment, balance of payments, investments and living
standards.
There is a somewhat lower impact of tourism on the following economic
sectors: electricity, auto industry, railways, retail chain trade, banking
services, insurance services, other financial services, marketing agencies,
culture and art, development of small and medium enterprises.
In this context, tourism is imposed as an unavoidable complex with
unused growing potential. Due to the high participation of the gray
economy and unsettled statistics of the tourism sector, there is a problem
of objective presentation of today's macroeconomic effects of tourism on
the economy of the Republic of Serbia. According to the existing
statistics, the tourism sector participates with 2.5% in the national gross
product and from 5-6% in the total employment in the Republic of Serbia
Goals of the development of mass tourism in Serbia: stimulating
economic growth, employment and quality of life of inhabitants through
the development of foreign tourism; ensuring the development of their
own positive international image; providing long-term protection and
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integrated management of natural and cultural resources, which is in the
interest of sustainable tourism development; provision of international
quality standards for the protection of tourist consumers in accordance
with modern European practice.
Bearing all things in mind, the key words for defining the general brand
of the Republic of Serbia should be: Serbian culture; people tend to party;
Serbian art and literature; the hospitality of people of an open heart;
passion and pride; a blend of traditional and modern.
Conclusion
Serbian tourism potentials have not been sufficiently valued until now,
because tourism has never been a serious topic of development policy of
the Republic of Serbia. Today, the Republic of Serbia has only
comparative advantages in tourism, because it has a diverse structure of
tourist offer, it is located near traditional and new tourist markets, has a
long history and general recognition, preserved natural resources,
relatively good communication and possesses great human potential.
For many years the Republic of Serbia has been in a difficult political and
economic situation, which certainly affects the overall economic
development and survival on the market. When it comes to tourism, it is
certain that Serbia is still to be recognizable in the world, having in mind
the quality of the branded brand. However, there are increasing
challenges to achieve a better position and place Serbian products among
foreign competitors.
Since only the integration into world tourism trends can achieve a strategy
of sustainable tourism development, the issue of the competitiveness of
the tourism industry is one of the most important issues among the
economic policy makers. Since this is a very complex concept, there has
never been a generally accepted theory or the definition of national
competitiveness. Simply put, the competitiveness of the national economy
is reflected in its ability to respond to the demands of the international
tourist market in terms of the quantity and quality of tourism products and
services.
There is much that Serbia has to offer, but so far the right way to get out
of the crisis and invest more funds in the promotion of Serbian tourism
has not been found. The paper presents the position of Serbia on the
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international market and in the region. It is noted that this position is not
at an enviable level, and that the services with their quality do not come
first in the rankings which comprise a total of 134 countries in the region
and the world.
In order to accelerate the process of tourist development it is necessary to
have a better organization in all areas and sectors (equipment, quality, and
service, overall organization of tourist and hotel establishments). Tourism
has become an important source of income for many regions. It is thought
that international tourism can be compared to the international trade. The
main reasons for such a trend were not only due to external environment,
but also due to internal factors such as organization and government
politics which failed to include tourism as a branch of economy which
can be capable to pull the country out of difficult economic situation.
It should be considered that the overall effects of tourism are significantly
larger because those results are expressed as a statistical data of lodging,
restaurant and hotel industry. The aforementioned activities also include
travel, retail, which, thanks to the tourist industry, increase their revenue
and beneficial export effects. The indispensable role of the state and its
institutions is also reflected in the establishment of adequate and stable
legal regulations and normative regulation of numerous relationships
between different subjects in the field of tourism business, in order to
provide a more favorable environment for domestic and foreign investors.
Priority in tourism development should be given to those types of tourism
and those tourism products through which the most likely tourist
potentials of Serbia can be valued.
The problem of determining the level of tourism competitiveness, as well
as the competitiveness of the national economy and the ways of its
increase has been especially acute since the global financial and economic
crisis and significant changes that have taken place in the dynamics of the
global economy and the economic development of many countries, Serbia
among them, which affect significantly the world economic trends.
Improving the tourist competitiveness of Serbia is one of the priorities of
its economy, as this is crucial for achieving dynamic economic and
tourism growth rates and sustainable development. Increasing the level of
tourism competitiveness is most directly achieved by encouraging
entrepreneurship and innovation of tourist companies, raising the level of
knowledge and accelerated technological development, which increases
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the economic and technical possibilities. At the same time, it is necessary
to improve the general factors of tourism competitiveness such as: the
macroeconomic environment, the quality of the rule of law and the
economic and tourism policies, and the quality of legislation that creates a
business tourism environment, which implies the implementation of
radical reforms.
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