Toulmin's model
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•162 views
The Toulmin method is a style of argumentation that breaks arguments down into six component parts: claim, grounds, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, and backing.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Topic2 argument
This document provides an overview of argumentation and critical thinking. It defines an argument as a claim defended with reasons, and identifies the key components of arguments as premises and conclusions. It also distinguishes between simple and complex arguments, and defines five types of non-arguments. The document discusses how to evaluate arguments by assessing whether premises are true and whether premises provide good reasons for the conclusion. It also contrasts deductive and inductive arguments and provides examples of common patterns of reasoning for each. Finally, it defines logical fallacies and identifies two major groups - fallacies of relevance and fallacies of insufficient evidence.
Case Study 10.1 Introduction to the Case Study Introduction to.docx
Case Study / 10.1 Introduction to the Case Study
Introduction to the Case Study
This last chapter is different from the others. Instead of introducing a new area of critical thinking, it is a capstone activity in which you will apply the skills you've learned to one contemporary, controversial issue.
The topic for this case study is global climate change. Because it is beyond the scope of this course to thoroughly evaluate a complex scientific topic, you will not be expected to form a position or offer your opinion on this topic. Rather, the material in this chapter is presented for you to practice evaluating arguments, identifying fallacies, and questioning sources—with the hope that you will continue to apply these skills whenever you encounter material aimed to persuade.
This chapter won't present any new exposition. Instead, we provide some relevant review notes that have been excerpted from the earlier chapters. You can consult these notes if you need a refresher as you work through the final videos, articles, and questions in the course.
REVIEW NOTES
Arguments
To say that something is true is to make a claim. But to give reasons to believe that it is true is to make an argument. Thus all arguments consist of at least two parts:
1. premise – one or more reasons to support the claim
2. conclusion – the claim being supported
Common Fallacies
Fallacy:a type of flawed reasoning
1. Begging the question: fallacy where the argument relies on a premise that resembles the conclusion, depends on the conclusion, or is as controversial as the conclusion.
2. Appeal to popularity: fallacy where the arguer attempts to bolster his or her argument by mentioning that "everybody" (or a large group of people) shares the same belief, preference, or habit.
3. Post hoc ergo propter hoc: fallacy where the arguer assumes that because there is a correlation between two events (i.e., one preceded the other), then the first must have caused the second. The phrase is Latin for "after this, therefore because of this."
4. Appeal to ignorance: fallacy where the arguer claims that because something cannot be proven false, it must be true unless the opponent can disprove the conclusion.
5. Appeal to emotion: fallacy where the arguer tries to persuade the audience by arousing feelings such as pity, fear, patriotism, flattery, etc. in lieu of presenting rational arguments.
6. Unqualified authority: fallacy where the arguer tries to get people to agree by appealing to the reputation of someone who is not an expert in the field or otherwise qualified to prove that something is true.
7. Ad hominem: fallacy where the arguer attacks his or her opponent's personal characteristics, qualifications, or circumstances instead of the argument presented. The phrase is Latin for "to the man."
8. False dichotomy: fallacy where the arguer inaccurately portrays a circumstance as having a limited number of possible outcomes, thus setting up an either-or situation with the intent of prese ...
Norton Field Guide for Speaking 7.2
This document summarizes key concepts about critical thinking and arguments from a chapter on critical thinking. It discusses the components of a strong argument, including claims, evidence, and warrants. It also covers different types of reasoning like deductive and inductive. Additionally, it outlines common fallacies to avoid, such as appeals to emotion, authority, or popularity. The goal is to help readers understand how to construct persuasive arguments and identify flawed logic.
Week 4.2 forming arguments & structures
The document provides instructions for an assignment on analyzing arguments related to influencer marketing. Students are asked to analyze several sample texts and scholarly articles on influencer marketing and answer questions about the arguments and stances presented in each. They are then instructed to have a group discussion synthesizing the sources and forming their own arguments on influencer marketing. The document concludes by providing guidance on writing inductive, deductive, and analytical thesis statements and outlines various argument structures that could be used.
What is a warrant in Toulmins model of a syllogismA) A legal do.pdf
What is a warrant in Toulmin\'s model of a syllogism?
A) A legal document making it legal to search private property
B) The logic that connects supporting evidence to a claim
C) The numerical date on which a claim is based D) A claim based on two or more distinct
premises.
Solution
D) A claim based on two or more distinct premises.
Warrant:
The warrants parallel the major premise of a syllogism (Clark 86) and explain why the data is
sufficient support for the claim The warrant serves as a \"guarantee\" for the argument ,
demonstrating or defending how the data supports the claim. Warrants may be laws,
assumptions, or beliefs . which may or may not be readily accepted by an audience. Warrants
may include definitions for key terms, an argument simpler than the argument at hand but which
parallels the more complex argument being made, or a representative sample, that is simple and
inclusive or that illustrates a special case
The Toulmin model, which was created by Stephen Toulmin in 1958, is a model that was
initially used to analyze courtroom discourse and arguments. In the present day the Toulmin
model is not only used for courtroom arguments but for more complex arguments in general. It is
made of six key components, Data, Warrant, Backing, Claim, Qualify, and Rebuttal. The three
most important aspects of the six are Claim, Backing, and Warrant. The Claim is the proposition
and states what exactly it is the individual is arguing. The Backing consists of all the materials
that the arguer uses to convince the audience that their claim can be trusted. The Warrant is the
assumption that the audience may share about a claim that can be used to persuade the audience
in the direction of the claim. The Warrant often times goes unstated.
Syllogism is also a way to analyze arguments, however it differs from the Toulmin model in that
is was designed to break down the more simple arguments and doesn’t analyze the argument as
critically. Its main components are the Major Premise, Minor Premise, and the Conclusion. The
Major Premise is a broad statement that speaks on the topic of your Claim but is not as precise.
The Minor Premise speaks on your claim in a less broader sense. The Conclusion is much like
the Claim in the Toulmin model, it indicates what you are trying to argue.
There are three types of claims, Fact, Value, and Policy. A claim of Fact is based on facts that
the audience can see as objectively verifiable. A claim of Value is based on a topic that is more
or less desirable; good or bad. A claim of Policy is based on the notion that a certain law or rule
should be changed, or that certain policies should be created to solve certain problems.
Claim:
The claim is the conclusion to be proven.
Outline on OutliningHeaderKepa M’OrganizedInformative Speech.docx
Outline on Outlining
Header
Kepa M’Organized
Informative Speech
SPCH 1321
Core Elements
Element
Completion
Topic
Outlining
Intended Audience
Undergraduate college students in a study skills development seminar.
Specific Purpose
My purpose is to inform undergraduate college students at Brookhaven College about the uses of outlining.
Outline
Introduction: Start with “I;” add four more “I’s” and you have “V;” two “V’s” and you have “X.” What in the world does all this mean? Well, had I gone on much longer you would have decided I suffering from heat stroke or I was talking about Roman numerals. Roman numerals aren’t used much in everyday life—except to designate the Super Bowl currently being played. Some of us are familiar with Roman numerals because we learned to outline using what’s called the Harvard Style of outlining. There are other forms of outlines, thankfully, because the experience of the learning the Harvard Style outline may have proved so tedious that some of us forgot it as quickly as we learned it. In general, an outline is a document that divides a subject into major topic and subtopics and provides an easily recognizable pattern to see the relationships and hierarchy of the topics. Outlining can be a helpful way to organize your complex thoughts into manageable form. Today we will look at three uses of outlining: first—preparing a speech; second—organizing a project; third—studying a textbook.
I. Speech Outlines
A. Jo Sprague and Douglas Stuart, The Speaker’s Handbook, “The speech outline is an indispensable tool of speech organization.” (Sprague and Stuart)
1. Reasons
2. Enables organization
3. Insures coherent development of your speech
B. Practical suggestions
1. Create a full-sentence outline
2. Make notes in abbreviated form for a speaking outline.
C. Extemporaneous speaking—speaking from an outline
II. Creating a checklists
A. The Checklist Manifesto,
1. Atul Gawande, surgeon, tasked by the World Health Organization to reduce post-operative infection around the world.
2. Focus: preventable errors
a. Exponential increase in know-how has created a problem that people are making basic mistakes.
b. People cannot always follow through on routine tasks and investigate new problems.
c. Investigated other complex activities like flying and large building construction and discovered the prevalence of checklists--list that divide complex tasks into grouped and sequences subtasks. (Gawande)
3. Outlining is incredibly helpful way to think through the complexity of a problem and create a checklist
B. Scenario
1. Kim
a. engineering student
b. senior design project: create a product to install in vehicles that automatically rolls up the windows when:
i. it's raining,
ii. night falls,
iii. crack the windows when the interior temperature is above 100 degrees.
c. Use an outline software program
i. OneNote
ii. OmniOutliner
d. Delineates the various areas
i. safety,
ii. logistics,
iii. efficiency and
iv. city codes
Kim ...
Outline on OutliningHeaderKepa M’OrganizedInformative Speech.docx
This document provides an outline on outlining. It discusses three main uses of outlining: 1) preparing speeches, 2) organizing projects, and 3) studying complex materials. For speeches, outlining helps ensure organization and coherent development. For projects, outlining can be used to create checklists to think through complexity and ensure all tasks are completed. For studying, outlining helps clarify important concepts and makes the material easier to understand.
Chapter 16 english
This document contains review questions from Chapter 16 about credibility, evidence, reasoning, logical fallacies, and emotional appeals in persuasive speaking. It defines credibility, initial credibility, derived credibility, and terminal credibility. It lists three ways to enhance credibility, the definition of evidence and why persuasive speakers need it. It provides tips for using evidence effectively and defines reasoning from specific instances, reasoning from principle, causal reasoning, and analogical reasoning. It identifies the eight logical fallacies discussed and three methods for generating emotional appeal in speeches with facts and logic.
Recommended
Topic2 argument
This document provides an overview of argumentation and critical thinking. It defines an argument as a claim defended with reasons, and identifies the key components of arguments as premises and conclusions. It also distinguishes between simple and complex arguments, and defines five types of non-arguments. The document discusses how to evaluate arguments by assessing whether premises are true and whether premises provide good reasons for the conclusion. It also contrasts deductive and inductive arguments and provides examples of common patterns of reasoning for each. Finally, it defines logical fallacies and identifies two major groups - fallacies of relevance and fallacies of insufficient evidence.
Case Study 10.1 Introduction to the Case Study Introduction to.docx
Case Study / 10.1 Introduction to the Case Study
Introduction to the Case Study
This last chapter is different from the others. Instead of introducing a new area of critical thinking, it is a capstone activity in which you will apply the skills you've learned to one contemporary, controversial issue.
The topic for this case study is global climate change. Because it is beyond the scope of this course to thoroughly evaluate a complex scientific topic, you will not be expected to form a position or offer your opinion on this topic. Rather, the material in this chapter is presented for you to practice evaluating arguments, identifying fallacies, and questioning sources—with the hope that you will continue to apply these skills whenever you encounter material aimed to persuade.
This chapter won't present any new exposition. Instead, we provide some relevant review notes that have been excerpted from the earlier chapters. You can consult these notes if you need a refresher as you work through the final videos, articles, and questions in the course.
REVIEW NOTES
Arguments
To say that something is true is to make a claim. But to give reasons to believe that it is true is to make an argument. Thus all arguments consist of at least two parts:
1. premise – one or more reasons to support the claim
2. conclusion – the claim being supported
Common Fallacies
Fallacy:a type of flawed reasoning
1. Begging the question: fallacy where the argument relies on a premise that resembles the conclusion, depends on the conclusion, or is as controversial as the conclusion.
2. Appeal to popularity: fallacy where the arguer attempts to bolster his or her argument by mentioning that "everybody" (or a large group of people) shares the same belief, preference, or habit.
3. Post hoc ergo propter hoc: fallacy where the arguer assumes that because there is a correlation between two events (i.e., one preceded the other), then the first must have caused the second. The phrase is Latin for "after this, therefore because of this."
4. Appeal to ignorance: fallacy where the arguer claims that because something cannot be proven false, it must be true unless the opponent can disprove the conclusion.
5. Appeal to emotion: fallacy where the arguer tries to persuade the audience by arousing feelings such as pity, fear, patriotism, flattery, etc. in lieu of presenting rational arguments.
6. Unqualified authority: fallacy where the arguer tries to get people to agree by appealing to the reputation of someone who is not an expert in the field or otherwise qualified to prove that something is true.
7. Ad hominem: fallacy where the arguer attacks his or her opponent's personal characteristics, qualifications, or circumstances instead of the argument presented. The phrase is Latin for "to the man."
8. False dichotomy: fallacy where the arguer inaccurately portrays a circumstance as having a limited number of possible outcomes, thus setting up an either-or situation with the intent of prese ...
Norton Field Guide for Speaking 7.2
This document summarizes key concepts about critical thinking and arguments from a chapter on critical thinking. It discusses the components of a strong argument, including claims, evidence, and warrants. It also covers different types of reasoning like deductive and inductive. Additionally, it outlines common fallacies to avoid, such as appeals to emotion, authority, or popularity. The goal is to help readers understand how to construct persuasive arguments and identify flawed logic.
Week 4.2 forming arguments & structures
The document provides instructions for an assignment on analyzing arguments related to influencer marketing. Students are asked to analyze several sample texts and scholarly articles on influencer marketing and answer questions about the arguments and stances presented in each. They are then instructed to have a group discussion synthesizing the sources and forming their own arguments on influencer marketing. The document concludes by providing guidance on writing inductive, deductive, and analytical thesis statements and outlines various argument structures that could be used.
What is a warrant in Toulmins model of a syllogismA) A legal do.pdf
What is a warrant in Toulmin\'s model of a syllogism?
A) A legal document making it legal to search private property
B) The logic that connects supporting evidence to a claim
C) The numerical date on which a claim is based D) A claim based on two or more distinct
premises.
Solution
D) A claim based on two or more distinct premises.
Warrant:
The warrants parallel the major premise of a syllogism (Clark 86) and explain why the data is
sufficient support for the claim The warrant serves as a \"guarantee\" for the argument ,
demonstrating or defending how the data supports the claim. Warrants may be laws,
assumptions, or beliefs . which may or may not be readily accepted by an audience. Warrants
may include definitions for key terms, an argument simpler than the argument at hand but which
parallels the more complex argument being made, or a representative sample, that is simple and
inclusive or that illustrates a special case
The Toulmin model, which was created by Stephen Toulmin in 1958, is a model that was
initially used to analyze courtroom discourse and arguments. In the present day the Toulmin
model is not only used for courtroom arguments but for more complex arguments in general. It is
made of six key components, Data, Warrant, Backing, Claim, Qualify, and Rebuttal. The three
most important aspects of the six are Claim, Backing, and Warrant. The Claim is the proposition
and states what exactly it is the individual is arguing. The Backing consists of all the materials
that the arguer uses to convince the audience that their claim can be trusted. The Warrant is the
assumption that the audience may share about a claim that can be used to persuade the audience
in the direction of the claim. The Warrant often times goes unstated.
Syllogism is also a way to analyze arguments, however it differs from the Toulmin model in that
is was designed to break down the more simple arguments and doesn’t analyze the argument as
critically. Its main components are the Major Premise, Minor Premise, and the Conclusion. The
Major Premise is a broad statement that speaks on the topic of your Claim but is not as precise.
The Minor Premise speaks on your claim in a less broader sense. The Conclusion is much like
the Claim in the Toulmin model, it indicates what you are trying to argue.
There are three types of claims, Fact, Value, and Policy. A claim of Fact is based on facts that
the audience can see as objectively verifiable. A claim of Value is based on a topic that is more
or less desirable; good or bad. A claim of Policy is based on the notion that a certain law or rule
should be changed, or that certain policies should be created to solve certain problems.
Claim:
The claim is the conclusion to be proven.
Outline on OutliningHeaderKepa M’OrganizedInformative Speech.docx
Outline on Outlining
Header
Kepa M’Organized
Informative Speech
SPCH 1321
Core Elements
Element
Completion
Topic
Outlining
Intended Audience
Undergraduate college students in a study skills development seminar.
Specific Purpose
My purpose is to inform undergraduate college students at Brookhaven College about the uses of outlining.
Outline
Introduction: Start with “I;” add four more “I’s” and you have “V;” two “V’s” and you have “X.” What in the world does all this mean? Well, had I gone on much longer you would have decided I suffering from heat stroke or I was talking about Roman numerals. Roman numerals aren’t used much in everyday life—except to designate the Super Bowl currently being played. Some of us are familiar with Roman numerals because we learned to outline using what’s called the Harvard Style of outlining. There are other forms of outlines, thankfully, because the experience of the learning the Harvard Style outline may have proved so tedious that some of us forgot it as quickly as we learned it. In general, an outline is a document that divides a subject into major topic and subtopics and provides an easily recognizable pattern to see the relationships and hierarchy of the topics. Outlining can be a helpful way to organize your complex thoughts into manageable form. Today we will look at three uses of outlining: first—preparing a speech; second—organizing a project; third—studying a textbook.
I. Speech Outlines
A. Jo Sprague and Douglas Stuart, The Speaker’s Handbook, “The speech outline is an indispensable tool of speech organization.” (Sprague and Stuart)
1. Reasons
2. Enables organization
3. Insures coherent development of your speech
B. Practical suggestions
1. Create a full-sentence outline
2. Make notes in abbreviated form for a speaking outline.
C. Extemporaneous speaking—speaking from an outline
II. Creating a checklists
A. The Checklist Manifesto,
1. Atul Gawande, surgeon, tasked by the World Health Organization to reduce post-operative infection around the world.
2. Focus: preventable errors
a. Exponential increase in know-how has created a problem that people are making basic mistakes.
b. People cannot always follow through on routine tasks and investigate new problems.
c. Investigated other complex activities like flying and large building construction and discovered the prevalence of checklists--list that divide complex tasks into grouped and sequences subtasks. (Gawande)
3. Outlining is incredibly helpful way to think through the complexity of a problem and create a checklist
B. Scenario
1. Kim
a. engineering student
b. senior design project: create a product to install in vehicles that automatically rolls up the windows when:
i. it's raining,
ii. night falls,
iii. crack the windows when the interior temperature is above 100 degrees.
c. Use an outline software program
i. OneNote
ii. OmniOutliner
d. Delineates the various areas
i. safety,
ii. logistics,
iii. efficiency and
iv. city codes
Kim ...
Outline on OutliningHeaderKepa M’OrganizedInformative Speech.docx
This document provides an outline on outlining. It discusses three main uses of outlining: 1) preparing speeches, 2) organizing projects, and 3) studying complex materials. For speeches, outlining helps ensure organization and coherent development. For projects, outlining can be used to create checklists to think through complexity and ensure all tasks are completed. For studying, outlining helps clarify important concepts and makes the material easier to understand.
Chapter 16 english
This document contains review questions from Chapter 16 about credibility, evidence, reasoning, logical fallacies, and emotional appeals in persuasive speaking. It defines credibility, initial credibility, derived credibility, and terminal credibility. It lists three ways to enhance credibility, the definition of evidence and why persuasive speakers need it. It provides tips for using evidence effectively and defines reasoning from specific instances, reasoning from principle, causal reasoning, and analogical reasoning. It identifies the eight logical fallacies discussed and three methods for generating emotional appeal in speeches with facts and logic.
Argument structure The Aristotelian argument The Ar
Argument structure: The Aristotelian argument
The Aristotelian argument is the framework upon which most academic, thesis-driven
writing is based. You can use this template any time you need to take a position on a
topic.* Before getting started, make sure that your thesis is argumentative and non-
obvious. When determining how to support your thesis, try to group all of your
supporting evidence into distinct piles which have thematic similarities. Finally, develop
each claim in its own section of text, making sure that each point is proportionate to the
others. The back of this handout contains a template you can use to get started.
1. Start broad and contextualizes the argument (e.g. Why
is your topic relevant to the course content?).
2. End with a specific argumentative claim--your thesis
(e.g. “In Augustine’s Confessions, we find many personal
dilemmas still relevant to modern life.”). You may also
opt to preview the progression of your argument (e.g. “In
Augustine’s Confessions, we find many personal
dilemmas still relevant to modern culture, evidenced by
his greed, his theological experimentation, and his sense
of despair when faced with personal loss.”)
3. Start each body paragraph with a distinct topic
sentence; this tells the reader how the paragraph
functions in the context of the argument (e.g. “One way
in which Augustine’s confessions are still relevant to
modern society is his greed, shown in his willingness to
steal the pears despite being well-fed and otherwise
content”).
4. Each paragraph should have distinct content based on
some organizational principle (e.g. ethics, history,
financial, legal, biblical, thematic (as in this example),
etc.)
5. If your thesis is controversial, you may also opt to
include a concession. This acknowledges a typical
argument your opposition would present to you (e.g.
“However, some theologians have claimed that the
realities of the modern world have made Augustine less
relevant to modern theological dilemmas. One example
is Dr. NoName, who states…”).
6. Immediately following, and in about as much space,
refute the opposition using evidence which undermines
their criticism.
7. Conclude and broaden the scope of your argument,
and this time, contextualize it in terms of relevance to
your audience and society.
*The example above is for illustration only.
Placement of the thesis my vary; the number of
points (and paragraphs composing them) can change.
The Center for Writing
3 Bockman Hall
651.641.3465
www.luthersem.edu/writing
Context & Relevance:
Concession:
Refutation:
Topic Sentence 3:
Supporting claims:
Topic Sentence 2:
Supporting claims:
Topic Sentence 1:
Supporting claims:
Relevance & Context:
Thesis:
marci
Note
Note: This template lacks a Background Section. This section answers the questions: (1) Why is this a problem?; (2) What are the origins/causes of the problem?Aristoteli ...
ARGUMENTATION.pdf
The document outlines the key elements of constructing an argument: a claim, explanation, evidence, and link. It explains that an argument provides a structured flow of information to support a stance on a motion. Specifically, it notes that a claim is the core reason for embracing a position, an explanation elaborates on how the claim relates to the motion, evidence in the form of logical thoughts or facts supports the claim, and a link ties it all together by showing the validity and relevance to the motion.
Presenting Reasonable Arguments (group 4).pptx
This document discusses presenting reasonable arguments supported by evidence. It begins by defining logical fallacies that weaken arguments. It then lists 22 common logical fallacies. Next, it outlines factors for determining the authenticity and validity of evidence, such as the relevance and authority of sources, and accuracy of information. It emphasizes using credible sources like academic journals. Finally, it provides principles for presenting arguments, such as having a clear position, assessing opposing views, and organizing arguments for the audience.
Dean R Berry Danger in the Crib part 2 problem solving
This document provides instructions for writing a five-paragraph essay on the topic of whether companies should be held responsible for deaths caused by poorly designed products. It outlines the key points to address in the essay, including existing laws and court decisions on company liability and what the appropriate punishment should be. It then provides guidance on organizing ideas, developing a writing plan, using transition words, conducting peer reviews, and writing a final draft.
READING & WRITING 11 module 3.pptx
This document discusses defining claims and critical reading. It defines a claim as the central argument or thesis of a text that a writer is trying to persuade the reader of. There are three main types of claims: claims of fact which are verifiable statements, claims of value which make judgments about what is good/bad, and claims of policy which suggest actions to solve problems. Critical reading involves engaging with what an author is trying to say by asking questions about the main argument and thinking within and beyond the text. Effective readers form evaluative statements by making assertions about a text's content/properties and counterclaims that respond to the author's claims.
Rebuttal argument
This document provides guidance for writing an essay that requires choosing between a rebuttal, causal, or ethical argument. It outlines the key components and approaches for each type of argument. For a rebuttal argument, students can choose to conduct a refutation, focusing on the shortcomings of an opposing viewpoint, or a counterargument, emphasizing the strengths of their own position. Causal arguments demonstrate how one event leads to another through a chain of causes and effects. Ethical arguments examine the morality of an issue from different value systems. The document provides examples and tips for effectively structuring each type of argument.
Dean R Berry Danger in the Crib part 1 problem solving
This document provides an educational lesson plan about product liability and dangerous products. It discusses a hypothetical situation where a faulty baby crib design results in 16 baby deaths. Students are asked to consider who is responsible, whether safety issues were covered up, and if punishment is warranted. They research product liability laws and standards to analyze arguments around holding companies accountable for dangerous products. The goal is for students to write a short essay using evidence from their research.
How to Conduct a Bullet Proof Harassment Investigation
How to Conduct a Bullet Proof Harassment Investigation includes Who Should Investigate?, Develop the Procedural Script, Develop the Substantive Script, Interview the Respondent and Witnesses, Draft the Report and How to Document?
What is toulmin
The document discusses the Toulmin method of argumentation, which was developed by British philosopher Stephen Toulmin. The Toulmin model examines arguments through claim, data, and warrant. It aims to describe how people make reasonable arguments in real-life situations, where qualifications are often needed. The model breaks down an argument into a claim supported by data, with the warrant justifying why the data supports the claim. It provides a practical tool for understanding and constructing arguments.
Rogerian argumentpp[1]
The document discusses three common approaches to argumentation - the Classical, Toulmin, and Rogerian approaches. It then focuses on explaining the key principles and structure of the Rogerian approach. The five key elements of a Rogerian argument are: 1) a brief, objective statement of the issue; 2) exploring common ground; 3) a complete description of the opposing position; 4) a complete description of your own position; 5) presenting a solution that considers both positions and finds compromise. The goal of the Rogerian approach is to have a less confrontational discussion through understanding different perspectives and finding common ground.
The Toulmin Model
The document introduces the Toulmin Model of argumentation, which breaks down arguments into the following components: grounds, warrant, claim, backing, reservation, and qualifier. The goal in introducing this model is to help readers understand that arguments are based on reasoning and evidence, analyze arguments by examining the foundation rather than just disagreeing with the conclusion, determine an argument's strengths and weaknesses, and assess the validity of a claim.
The toulmin model
The document outlines the Toulmin model of argument evaluation. It explains that the model was developed by philosopher Stephen Toulmin and breaks arguments down into six parts: claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal. These components allow for better understanding of arguments in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses.
The toulmin model
Stephan Toulmin was a British philosopher who developed theories of reasoning that are still used today. In his book The Uses of Argument, he proposed the Toulmin model, which outlines six components of a successful argument: claim, grounds, warrant, backing, rebuttal, and qualifiers. A claim is the statement being argued, while grounds provide supporting evidence. A warrant explains the logic connecting the grounds to the claim. Backing provides further support, rebuttal considers exceptions, and qualifiers moderate the claim's strength.
Toulmin’s Model of ArgumentHow to use this worksheetKnowi.docx
Toulmin’s Model of Argument
How to use this worksheet:
Knowing the elemental structure of your argument is an essential step toward producing an effective argument. The Toulmin model is an effective tool to help you outline the essential elements of your Claim of Values argument essay.
First, decide on a topic and have it approved before beginning your research. After your topic is approved and your research complete, you should be able to identify the specific parts of your argument: the claims, data, and warrants (along with any qualifiers, rebuttals, or backing). You will use this worksheet to
plan your essay. You must turn this handout with your essay.
Topic: (Record your teacher-approved topic here)__________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
List the primary claim made in your Claim of Values argument (i.e. your thesis statement). __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
List the data/evidence you will used to support your claim.___________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Identify your warrant(s). (What are the assumptions that connect the data to your claim? What assumed values must your readers have in order to agree that the evidence you provide is acceptable for defending the claims you make?) These warrants may be implicit (implied) or explicit (clearly stated) in your essay, but you need to know what they are. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Record any backing (i.e. evidence that proves your assumptions/warrants)______________ _Skip this section. Backing is hard to explain online. _______________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
List any qualifiers (i.e. ways in which your claim does not apply to everyone or has exceptions)____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ...
IDENTIFYING REASONS AND CONCLUSION JUNE 10 2022.pdf
The passage describes a situation where a semiconductor manufacturing company plans to bring in 100 workers from Bangladesh who do not speak English or Malay. At a recent production meeting, a local supervisor expressed concern that this could lead to production problems due to miscommunication. The problem statement is to analyze the supervisor's concerns and identify root causes in order to offer suggestions for improvement. This will involve applying critical thinking skills to write an essay addressing the issue, proposing solutions, and drawing a conclusion with references.
Formulating Claims of Fact, Policy and Value.pptx
The document outlines a lesson on differentiating and formulating different types of claims. It discusses three main types of claims: claims of fact which refer to past, present or future conditions and can be verified; claims of value which are based on opinions of what is good or bad and require standards of evaluation; and claims of policy which argue a certain condition should exist and are specific measurable actions. Examples of each type of claim are provided. The document concludes with directions to identify 10 statements as claims of fact, value or policy.
Types-of-claims-in-a-written-text.pptx
This document discusses types of claims in written texts. It identifies three main types: claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy. It provides examples for each type and exercises for students to identify the type of claim in given statements. The document also discusses identifying explicit and implicit claims in a text and constructing arguments with different types of claims.
Types of Arguments (1).pptx
If there is something that would be considered difficult by most of the students but even young researchers, that would be to clearly define an argument and also manage to convey it without sounding judgemental or racist.
Argumentative Writing
This document provides an overview of argumentative writing elements and structures for students in a WRIT 122 college course. It defines key elements like claims, reasons, evidence and addressing opposition. It also explains the structures of Toulmin, classical and Rogerian arguments, highlighting their different components and approaches. The document aims to help students learn and apply these concepts in their own argumentative writing.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
KHUSWANT SINGH.pptx ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT KHUSHWANT SINGH
INDIA`S OWN LITERARY GENIUS MR.KHUSHWANT SINGH WAS TRULY A VERY BRAVE SOUL AND WAS AWARDED WITH THE MAGIC OF WORDS BY GOD.
More Related Content
Similar to Toulmin's model
Argument structure The Aristotelian argument The Ar
Argument structure: The Aristotelian argument
The Aristotelian argument is the framework upon which most academic, thesis-driven
writing is based. You can use this template any time you need to take a position on a
topic.* Before getting started, make sure that your thesis is argumentative and non-
obvious. When determining how to support your thesis, try to group all of your
supporting evidence into distinct piles which have thematic similarities. Finally, develop
each claim in its own section of text, making sure that each point is proportionate to the
others. The back of this handout contains a template you can use to get started.
1. Start broad and contextualizes the argument (e.g. Why
is your topic relevant to the course content?).
2. End with a specific argumentative claim--your thesis
(e.g. “In Augustine’s Confessions, we find many personal
dilemmas still relevant to modern life.”). You may also
opt to preview the progression of your argument (e.g. “In
Augustine’s Confessions, we find many personal
dilemmas still relevant to modern culture, evidenced by
his greed, his theological experimentation, and his sense
of despair when faced with personal loss.”)
3. Start each body paragraph with a distinct topic
sentence; this tells the reader how the paragraph
functions in the context of the argument (e.g. “One way
in which Augustine’s confessions are still relevant to
modern society is his greed, shown in his willingness to
steal the pears despite being well-fed and otherwise
content”).
4. Each paragraph should have distinct content based on
some organizational principle (e.g. ethics, history,
financial, legal, biblical, thematic (as in this example),
etc.)
5. If your thesis is controversial, you may also opt to
include a concession. This acknowledges a typical
argument your opposition would present to you (e.g.
“However, some theologians have claimed that the
realities of the modern world have made Augustine less
relevant to modern theological dilemmas. One example
is Dr. NoName, who states…”).
6. Immediately following, and in about as much space,
refute the opposition using evidence which undermines
their criticism.
7. Conclude and broaden the scope of your argument,
and this time, contextualize it in terms of relevance to
your audience and society.
*The example above is for illustration only.
Placement of the thesis my vary; the number of
points (and paragraphs composing them) can change.
The Center for Writing
3 Bockman Hall
651.641.3465
www.luthersem.edu/writing
Context & Relevance:
Concession:
Refutation:
Topic Sentence 3:
Supporting claims:
Topic Sentence 2:
Supporting claims:
Topic Sentence 1:
Supporting claims:
Relevance & Context:
Thesis:
marci
Note
Note: This template lacks a Background Section. This section answers the questions: (1) Why is this a problem?; (2) What are the origins/causes of the problem?Aristoteli ...
ARGUMENTATION.pdf
The document outlines the key elements of constructing an argument: a claim, explanation, evidence, and link. It explains that an argument provides a structured flow of information to support a stance on a motion. Specifically, it notes that a claim is the core reason for embracing a position, an explanation elaborates on how the claim relates to the motion, evidence in the form of logical thoughts or facts supports the claim, and a link ties it all together by showing the validity and relevance to the motion.
Presenting Reasonable Arguments (group 4).pptx
This document discusses presenting reasonable arguments supported by evidence. It begins by defining logical fallacies that weaken arguments. It then lists 22 common logical fallacies. Next, it outlines factors for determining the authenticity and validity of evidence, such as the relevance and authority of sources, and accuracy of information. It emphasizes using credible sources like academic journals. Finally, it provides principles for presenting arguments, such as having a clear position, assessing opposing views, and organizing arguments for the audience.
Dean R Berry Danger in the Crib part 2 problem solving
This document provides instructions for writing a five-paragraph essay on the topic of whether companies should be held responsible for deaths caused by poorly designed products. It outlines the key points to address in the essay, including existing laws and court decisions on company liability and what the appropriate punishment should be. It then provides guidance on organizing ideas, developing a writing plan, using transition words, conducting peer reviews, and writing a final draft.
READING & WRITING 11 module 3.pptx
This document discusses defining claims and critical reading. It defines a claim as the central argument or thesis of a text that a writer is trying to persuade the reader of. There are three main types of claims: claims of fact which are verifiable statements, claims of value which make judgments about what is good/bad, and claims of policy which suggest actions to solve problems. Critical reading involves engaging with what an author is trying to say by asking questions about the main argument and thinking within and beyond the text. Effective readers form evaluative statements by making assertions about a text's content/properties and counterclaims that respond to the author's claims.
Rebuttal argument
This document provides guidance for writing an essay that requires choosing between a rebuttal, causal, or ethical argument. It outlines the key components and approaches for each type of argument. For a rebuttal argument, students can choose to conduct a refutation, focusing on the shortcomings of an opposing viewpoint, or a counterargument, emphasizing the strengths of their own position. Causal arguments demonstrate how one event leads to another through a chain of causes and effects. Ethical arguments examine the morality of an issue from different value systems. The document provides examples and tips for effectively structuring each type of argument.
Dean R Berry Danger in the Crib part 1 problem solving
This document provides an educational lesson plan about product liability and dangerous products. It discusses a hypothetical situation where a faulty baby crib design results in 16 baby deaths. Students are asked to consider who is responsible, whether safety issues were covered up, and if punishment is warranted. They research product liability laws and standards to analyze arguments around holding companies accountable for dangerous products. The goal is for students to write a short essay using evidence from their research.
How to Conduct a Bullet Proof Harassment Investigation
How to Conduct a Bullet Proof Harassment Investigation includes Who Should Investigate?, Develop the Procedural Script, Develop the Substantive Script, Interview the Respondent and Witnesses, Draft the Report and How to Document?
What is toulmin
The document discusses the Toulmin method of argumentation, which was developed by British philosopher Stephen Toulmin. The Toulmin model examines arguments through claim, data, and warrant. It aims to describe how people make reasonable arguments in real-life situations, where qualifications are often needed. The model breaks down an argument into a claim supported by data, with the warrant justifying why the data supports the claim. It provides a practical tool for understanding and constructing arguments.
Rogerian argumentpp[1]
The document discusses three common approaches to argumentation - the Classical, Toulmin, and Rogerian approaches. It then focuses on explaining the key principles and structure of the Rogerian approach. The five key elements of a Rogerian argument are: 1) a brief, objective statement of the issue; 2) exploring common ground; 3) a complete description of the opposing position; 4) a complete description of your own position; 5) presenting a solution that considers both positions and finds compromise. The goal of the Rogerian approach is to have a less confrontational discussion through understanding different perspectives and finding common ground.
The Toulmin Model
The document introduces the Toulmin Model of argumentation, which breaks down arguments into the following components: grounds, warrant, claim, backing, reservation, and qualifier. The goal in introducing this model is to help readers understand that arguments are based on reasoning and evidence, analyze arguments by examining the foundation rather than just disagreeing with the conclusion, determine an argument's strengths and weaknesses, and assess the validity of a claim.
The toulmin model
The document outlines the Toulmin model of argument evaluation. It explains that the model was developed by philosopher Stephen Toulmin and breaks arguments down into six parts: claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal. These components allow for better understanding of arguments in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses.
The toulmin model
Stephan Toulmin was a British philosopher who developed theories of reasoning that are still used today. In his book The Uses of Argument, he proposed the Toulmin model, which outlines six components of a successful argument: claim, grounds, warrant, backing, rebuttal, and qualifiers. A claim is the statement being argued, while grounds provide supporting evidence. A warrant explains the logic connecting the grounds to the claim. Backing provides further support, rebuttal considers exceptions, and qualifiers moderate the claim's strength.
Toulmin’s Model of ArgumentHow to use this worksheetKnowi.docx
Toulmin’s Model of Argument
How to use this worksheet:
Knowing the elemental structure of your argument is an essential step toward producing an effective argument. The Toulmin model is an effective tool to help you outline the essential elements of your Claim of Values argument essay.
First, decide on a topic and have it approved before beginning your research. After your topic is approved and your research complete, you should be able to identify the specific parts of your argument: the claims, data, and warrants (along with any qualifiers, rebuttals, or backing). You will use this worksheet to
plan your essay. You must turn this handout with your essay.
Topic: (Record your teacher-approved topic here)__________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
List the primary claim made in your Claim of Values argument (i.e. your thesis statement). __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
List the data/evidence you will used to support your claim.___________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Identify your warrant(s). (What are the assumptions that connect the data to your claim? What assumed values must your readers have in order to agree that the evidence you provide is acceptable for defending the claims you make?) These warrants may be implicit (implied) or explicit (clearly stated) in your essay, but you need to know what they are. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Record any backing (i.e. evidence that proves your assumptions/warrants)______________ _Skip this section. Backing is hard to explain online. _______________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
List any qualifiers (i.e. ways in which your claim does not apply to everyone or has exceptions)____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ...
IDENTIFYING REASONS AND CONCLUSION JUNE 10 2022.pdf
The passage describes a situation where a semiconductor manufacturing company plans to bring in 100 workers from Bangladesh who do not speak English or Malay. At a recent production meeting, a local supervisor expressed concern that this could lead to production problems due to miscommunication. The problem statement is to analyze the supervisor's concerns and identify root causes in order to offer suggestions for improvement. This will involve applying critical thinking skills to write an essay addressing the issue, proposing solutions, and drawing a conclusion with references.
Formulating Claims of Fact, Policy and Value.pptx
The document outlines a lesson on differentiating and formulating different types of claims. It discusses three main types of claims: claims of fact which refer to past, present or future conditions and can be verified; claims of value which are based on opinions of what is good or bad and require standards of evaluation; and claims of policy which argue a certain condition should exist and are specific measurable actions. Examples of each type of claim are provided. The document concludes with directions to identify 10 statements as claims of fact, value or policy.
Types-of-claims-in-a-written-text.pptx
This document discusses types of claims in written texts. It identifies three main types: claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy. It provides examples for each type and exercises for students to identify the type of claim in given statements. The document also discusses identifying explicit and implicit claims in a text and constructing arguments with different types of claims.
Types of Arguments (1).pptx
If there is something that would be considered difficult by most of the students but even young researchers, that would be to clearly define an argument and also manage to convey it without sounding judgemental or racist.
Argumentative Writing
This document provides an overview of argumentative writing elements and structures for students in a WRIT 122 college course. It defines key elements like claims, reasons, evidence and addressing opposition. It also explains the structures of Toulmin, classical and Rogerian arguments, highlighting their different components and approaches. The document aims to help students learn and apply these concepts in their own argumentative writing.
Similar to Toulmin's model (20)
Argument structure The Aristotelian argument The Ar
Argument structure The Aristotelian argument The Ar
Dean R Berry Danger in the Crib part 2 problem solving
Dean R Berry Danger in the Crib part 2 problem solving
Dean R Berry Danger in the Crib part 1 problem solving
Dean R Berry Danger in the Crib part 1 problem solving
How to Conduct a Bullet Proof Harassment Investigation
How to Conduct a Bullet Proof Harassment Investigation
Toulmin’s Model of ArgumentHow to use this worksheetKnowi.docx
Toulmin’s Model of ArgumentHow to use this worksheetKnowi.docx
IDENTIFYING REASONS AND CONCLUSION JUNE 10 2022.pdf
IDENTIFYING REASONS AND CONCLUSION JUNE 10 2022.pdf
Recently uploaded
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
KHUSWANT SINGH.pptx ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT KHUSHWANT SINGH
INDIA`S OWN LITERARY GENIUS MR.KHUSHWANT SINGH WAS TRULY A VERY BRAVE SOUL AND WAS AWARDED WITH THE MAGIC OF WORDS BY GOD.
220711130082 Srabanti Bag Internet Resources For Natural Science
Internet resources for natural science
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
BPSC-105 important questions for june term end exam
BPSC-105 important questions for june term end exam
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف أحرف الخلاف للقراء العشرةأعد أحرف الخلاف بالتلوين وصلا سمير بسيوني غفر الله له
Educational Technology in the Health Sciences
Plenary presentation at the NTTC Inter-university Workshop, 18 June 2024, Manila Prince Hotel.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
220711130083 SUBHASHREE RAKSHIT Internet resources for social science
Internet resources for social science
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
IT WILL BE HELPFULL FOR THE NUSING STUDENTS
IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 - CẢ NĂM - FRIENDS PLUS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (B...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 - CẢ NĂM - FRIENDS PLUS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (B...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/nrwz52lilmrw6m5kqeqn83q6vbdp8yzpRecently uploaded (20)
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
KHUSWANT SINGH.pptx ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT KHUSHWANT SINGH
KHUSWANT SINGH.pptx ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT KHUSHWANT SINGH
220711130082 Srabanti Bag Internet Resources For Natural Science
220711130082 Srabanti Bag Internet Resources For Natural Science
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17
BPSC-105 important questions for june term end exam
BPSC-105 important questions for june term end exam
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
220711130083 SUBHASHREE RAKSHIT Internet resources for social science
220711130083 SUBHASHREE RAKSHIT Internet resources for social science
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 - CẢ NĂM - FRIENDS PLUS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (B...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 - CẢ NĂM - FRIENDS PLUS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (B...
220711130088 Sumi Basak Virtual University EPC 3.pptx
220711130088 Sumi Basak Virtual University EPC 3.pptx
Toulmin's model
- 1. TOULMIN’S MODEL DEVELOPED BY : STEPHEN E . TOULMIN PRESENTATION BY: MALA DEEP UPADHAYA 2017-SEPTEMBER-4
- 2. WHO WAS TOULMIN? Stephen E. Toulmin, (1922-2009 )originally a British logician. He became frustrated with the inability of formal logic to explain everyday arguments, which prompted him to develop his own model of practical reasoning.
- 3. TOULMIN MODEL Toulmin model is valuable adjunct to modern rhetoric with heuristic ability to generate new ideas by focusing on audience and its flexibility.
- 4. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY COMPONENTS PRIMARY • CLAIM • GROUNDS • WARRENT SECONDARY • BACKING • REBUTTAL • QUALIFIERS
- 7. CLAIM VS GROUND CLAIM : 1. Assertive 2. Stand as Thesis BASED ON : 1. FACTS 2. VALUE 3. POLICY 4. DEFINATION GROUND : Foundation of Arguments BASED ON : 1. EVIDENCES 2. SPECIFIC FACTS “SUPPORTS CLAIM”
- 8. WARRANT AND BACKING WARRANT : 1. Links Claim and Ground 2. Unstated part of Model BASED ON: • ethos: source credibility, authority • logos: reason-giving, induction, deduction • pathos: emotional or motivational appeals • value premises: values shared by, or presumed to be shared by, the receiver(s) BACKING : 1. Warrant Supporter 2. Establish reliability of Warrants
- 9. REBUTTAL VS QUALIFIERS REBUTTAL : • It is a tool • Potential objection to Claim • Acknowledge exception that might invalided claim QUALIFIERS : • It is a tool • Limits put on Claim
- 10. SUBSUMES OF MODEL The model’s ability to subsumes these logics result in idea generating . • INDUCTIVE REASEONING • DEDUCTIVE REASEONING • ANALOGICAL REASONING
- 13. ANALOGICAL REASONING SHOWS SEVERAL SIMILARITES BETWEEN TWO OBJECTS ,BACKED BY GENERAL CONCLUSION FOR SPECIFIC CLAIM
- 14. CHECKING ARGUMENT'S CLARITY AND EFFICACY Toulmin suggest applying the following questions at each step : 1. What Position do I want my audience to take? 2. Where must my audience begin so that they will take the step I want them to take and agree to my claim? 3. What is the linking idea between grounds and claim? 4. Is the move from ground to claim safe and reliable? 5. What possibilities might upsets the arguments? 6. Is a qualification necessary?
- 15. LIMITATION OF MODEL • Depends upon the arguer’s willingness to think critically and creatively. • Helpful for creating the OUTLINE of an arguments , not the WHOLE things.
- 16. WORKS CITED karbach, Joan . ”Using Toulmin’s Model Of Argumentation” (type: Pdf). Wright, David . “The Toulmin Model Of Argument” StudioLab, Furman University (2012).