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Topic: Expressionism in ‘Mourning
becomes Electra’
● Name: Malek Hinaben Ibrahimbhai
● Paper no. : 10 The American literature
● Roll no. : 8
● Semester: MA Semester 3
● Year: 2019-21
● Enrollment no. : 2069108420200026
● Email Id: hinamalek21@gmail.com
● Submitted to: Department of English M.K.
Bhavanagar University
Introduction of the play
● Eugene O’Neill’s famed Mourning Becomes Electra is a complex and
tragic play in three parts.
● Set in New England at the close of the Civil War, it was first published
and staged in 1931.
● The play is based off Aeschylus’s Greek tragedy The Oresteia and its
three sections:
1. “Homecoming,”
2. “The Hunted,”
3. “The Haunting”
Regarding the title, O’Neill
explained,
“By the title Mourning Becomes
Electra I sought to convey that
mourning benefits Electra; it becomes
Electra to mourn; it is her fate; black is
becoming to her and it is the color that
becomes her destiny.”
What is Expressionism?
Expressionism, in a way, symbolizes the
post-World War I disillusionment. One of
the symptomatic features of this
disillusionment is the protest against the
stultifying patriarchal concept of a family.
The protest is invariably directed against
family relationships and the way in which
these relationships prevent the youth from
developing their individuality.
Historical context of the play:
● Mourning Becomes Electra was completed after O'Neill's
prolonged stay outside the United States. This trilogy is largely
inspired by Aeschylus's Oresteia but it is set in a Puritan New
England town at the end of the Civil War.
● The reference to Greek theatre illustrates the playwright's
determination to bring a serious and adult mode to the American
stage which was, according to him, plagued by superficial
melodrama.
● Eugene O'Neill's late plays usually deal with the revelation of grim,
intimate secrets that unfold in the stifling atmosphere of isolated
barrooms and family living rooms.
In Historical sense of Expressionism
● Expressionism, in a way, symbolizes the post-World War I
disillusionment. One of the symptomatic features of this disillusionment is
the protest against the stultifying patriarchal concept of a family.
● Expressionism itself was not a concerted or well defined movement.
● Frederick Nietzsche, a German philosopher, played a key role in
originating modern ‘expressionism’ by clarifying and serving as a conduit
for previously neglected currents in ancient art.
● The arrival of Expressionism announced new a standards in the creation
and judgment of art.
According to Nietzsche,
The basic characteristics of expressionism are
● Dionysian:
bold colors, distorted forms in dissolution, two-dimensional,
without experience.
Art and paintings
● Naturalism & Realism
● a state of mind, an inner crisis, a psychological condition
● Expressions involved of the dream state
● Subjective emotions
● The artist accomplishes this aim through distortion,
exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy and through the
vivid. jarring, violent, or dynamic application of formal
elements.
Subject of Expressionism
Anxiety
Agony
Distorted
Death
Characteristics of the Expressionism
Anti- Realism
Individuality
Utopia
Exaggeration and distortion
Symbolism in the play
Death
Characters
Mask-
technique
House-Tomb
References:
● Chirico, Miriam M. “Moving Fate into the Family: Tragedy Redefined in O'Neill's
‘Mourning Becomes Electra.’” The Eugene O'Neill Review, vol. 24, no. 1/2, 2000, pp.
81–100. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/29784685. Accessed 1 Dec. 2020.
● Jeevan, Kumar Talanki, Expressionism in O’Neill’s Mourning Becomes Electra (March
7, 2012). The IUP Journal of American Literature, Vol. IV, No. 2, pp. 63-73, May
2011, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2017458
● O’Neill. Morning Becomes Electra, The Plays of Eugene O’Neill, New Delhi: East
West Press. 1974; 1.
● Osborne-Bartucca, Kristen. Suduiko, Aaron ed. "Mourning Becomes Electra Study
Guide". GradeSaver, 27 March 2018 Web. 2 December 2020.
Topic  expressionism-in_mourning_becomes_electra

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Topic expressionism-in_mourning_becomes_electra

  • 1. Topic: Expressionism in ‘Mourning becomes Electra’ ● Name: Malek Hinaben Ibrahimbhai ● Paper no. : 10 The American literature ● Roll no. : 8 ● Semester: MA Semester 3 ● Year: 2019-21 ● Enrollment no. : 2069108420200026 ● Email Id: hinamalek21@gmail.com ● Submitted to: Department of English M.K. Bhavanagar University
  • 2. Introduction of the play ● Eugene O’Neill’s famed Mourning Becomes Electra is a complex and tragic play in three parts. ● Set in New England at the close of the Civil War, it was first published and staged in 1931. ● The play is based off Aeschylus’s Greek tragedy The Oresteia and its three sections: 1. “Homecoming,” 2. “The Hunted,” 3. “The Haunting”
  • 3. Regarding the title, O’Neill explained, “By the title Mourning Becomes Electra I sought to convey that mourning benefits Electra; it becomes Electra to mourn; it is her fate; black is becoming to her and it is the color that becomes her destiny.”
  • 4. What is Expressionism? Expressionism, in a way, symbolizes the post-World War I disillusionment. One of the symptomatic features of this disillusionment is the protest against the stultifying patriarchal concept of a family. The protest is invariably directed against family relationships and the way in which these relationships prevent the youth from developing their individuality.
  • 5. Historical context of the play: ● Mourning Becomes Electra was completed after O'Neill's prolonged stay outside the United States. This trilogy is largely inspired by Aeschylus's Oresteia but it is set in a Puritan New England town at the end of the Civil War. ● The reference to Greek theatre illustrates the playwright's determination to bring a serious and adult mode to the American stage which was, according to him, plagued by superficial melodrama. ● Eugene O'Neill's late plays usually deal with the revelation of grim, intimate secrets that unfold in the stifling atmosphere of isolated barrooms and family living rooms.
  • 6. In Historical sense of Expressionism ● Expressionism, in a way, symbolizes the post-World War I disillusionment. One of the symptomatic features of this disillusionment is the protest against the stultifying patriarchal concept of a family. ● Expressionism itself was not a concerted or well defined movement. ● Frederick Nietzsche, a German philosopher, played a key role in originating modern ‘expressionism’ by clarifying and serving as a conduit for previously neglected currents in ancient art. ● The arrival of Expressionism announced new a standards in the creation and judgment of art.
  • 7. According to Nietzsche, The basic characteristics of expressionism are ● Dionysian: bold colors, distorted forms in dissolution, two-dimensional, without experience.
  • 8. Art and paintings ● Naturalism & Realism ● a state of mind, an inner crisis, a psychological condition ● Expressions involved of the dream state ● Subjective emotions ● The artist accomplishes this aim through distortion, exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy and through the vivid. jarring, violent, or dynamic application of formal elements.
  • 10. Characteristics of the Expressionism Anti- Realism Individuality Utopia Exaggeration and distortion
  • 11. Symbolism in the play Death Characters Mask- technique House-Tomb
  • 12. References: ● Chirico, Miriam M. “Moving Fate into the Family: Tragedy Redefined in O'Neill's ‘Mourning Becomes Electra.’” The Eugene O'Neill Review, vol. 24, no. 1/2, 2000, pp. 81–100. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/29784685. Accessed 1 Dec. 2020. ● Jeevan, Kumar Talanki, Expressionism in O’Neill’s Mourning Becomes Electra (March 7, 2012). The IUP Journal of American Literature, Vol. IV, No. 2, pp. 63-73, May 2011, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2017458 ● O’Neill. Morning Becomes Electra, The Plays of Eugene O’Neill, New Delhi: East West Press. 1974; 1. ● Osborne-Bartucca, Kristen. Suduiko, Aaron ed. "Mourning Becomes Electra Study Guide". GradeSaver, 27 March 2018 Web. 2 December 2020.