1
Name: Chem 9, Section:
Lab Partner: Experiment Date:
Synthetic Polymers and Plastics
Part A: Physical Characteristics
Find or choose one type of each of the following plastic polymers, and report the following
characteristics:
Plastic
number
Short Name
(HDPE,
LDPE, etc)
Clear
(yes or no)
Opaque
(yes or no)
Flexibility
(can be
bent?)
Durability
(hard or
soft)
Breakability
(can be
cracked?)
Recyclable
(yes or no)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Part B: Density Tests
Report for plastic samples in each liquid: sinks rapidly, sinks slowly, floats on top, floats below surface
Plastic
number
1:1 ethanol/water
density = 0.94 g/cm
3
Water
density = 1.0 g/cm
3
10% NaCl solution
density = 1.08 g/cm
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
Relative Plastic Densities:
Less than 0.94 g/cm
3
Less than 1.0 g/cm
3
Less than 1.08 g/cm
3
More than 1.08 g/cm
3
Ranking of densities:
(lowest) _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ (highest)
2
Part C: Polymer Bouncy Balls
Polymer Ball composition Approximate height bounced Physical characteristics
Ball #1:
Ball #2
Ball #3
Questions
1. Which of the Big Six plastics was the most flexible?
2. Which of the Big Six plastics would be the best material for each of the following examples?
Use short names to identify each plastic (e.g. HDPE).
a replacement for a glass window ?
a take-out container for food?
a flexible, expandable bag for carrying items?
a lightweight bottle cap?
3. An unknown plastic floats in a 10% NaCl solution but sinks in water. What is the range of
possible density values this plastic may have? Suggest the composition of this plastic.
3
4. Why is it important to dislodge any adhering bubbles in the density tests?
5. PET plastic (number 1) is the most valuable waste plastic at the present time. Suggest a way
to separate it commercially from other waste plastics.
6. Sometimes plastic containers are made from two polymers and not just one. What would
happen to the water density test if HDPE and PVC were mixed?
7. Why are plastic recyclers very concerned about identifying the different polymers and not
mixing them together?
8. The figure below depicts polymerization of polystyrene (PS). Circle the original monomers
and determine how many monomers are present.
4
9. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) is composed of the vinyl chloride monomer. The monomer
structure and general reaction are shown at right.
Draw a polyvinyl chloride polymer composed of five
monomers arrange ...
Main point of this slide
01. Introduction
02. There are some types of plastic materials such as
03. History
04. Organic Structure of Plastic
05. Mechanism of Organic Structure
06. The molecule Ethene
07. The molecule Polyvinyl chloride
08. Uses
09. Benefits
10. Uses Statistics
11. Pollutants of plastic
12. Disadvantage of plastic
13. Plastic Waste management
14. Alternative of Plastic
15. Conclusion
Thank you
Polymers Meyer (2014) suggests that a contemporary culture could n.docxChantellPantoja184
Polymers Meyer (2014) suggests that a contemporary culture could not long endure without the goods or products that the polymer industry provides (p. 607). These polymeric products include clothing, household/office, indoor and outdoor gadgets, and furnishings that are manufactured from natural and synthetic polymers. Polymers are not ordinarily considered hazardous materials since they are stable at ambient conditions; however, most of the products burn and produce toxic gases (Meyer, 2014). Because of their widespread use, it is of benefit to understand why and how they can pose hazards, especially during fires. For this unit, we will study the features and structural characteristics of commonly encountered polymers as well as the hazards that they pose when they burn. What are polymers? The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) education website defines polymers as substances or macromolecules that “are composed of very large molecules with molecular weights ranging from a few thousand to as high as millions of grams/mole” (n.d., para. 1). For additional information on polymers, visit http://www.iupac.org/polyedu/page33/page33.html. The structure of a macromolecule is essentially comprised of multiple repetitions of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low molecular mass. Polymers can be natural or synthetic, but most of us probably associate polymers with the synthetic ones such as plastic. Examples of natural polymers include protein, starch, cellulose, and DNA that make up most of the structures of living tissue. Synthetic polymers include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate, and polyethylene. UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE Chemistry of Toxic Substances BOS 3640, Interactions of Hazardous Materials 2 UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title Types of synthetic polymers: Synthetic polymers are often referred to as plastics, and most of them can be classified into the categories of elastomers, thermoplastics, and thermosets: Thermoplastics are polymers that soften when heated but return to their original condition on cooling to ambient temperature (e.g., polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene). Thermosets are polymers that cannot be remolded once they have solidified, such as polyurethane. Elastomers have elasticity like rubber (Polymer Science Learning Center, 2005). Polymerization is the chemical reaction during which monomers are linked and cross-linked to form polymers. The polymerization reaction is characterized by the macromolecule/polymer that is produced (see Figures 14.1 and 14.2 of the textbook). According to Meyer (2014), chemists have found when they examined the three-dimensional structure of polymers that the chains of repeating units are invariably cross-linked as shown in Figure 14.3 of the textbook. Note the following information about polymers: Intentional cross-linking technique for polymers is used during the production of thermoset plastics to make the polymer denser, stronger, and even elastic.
Introduction
Types of polymer
Classification of Polymer
Polymerization
Biodegradable Polymer
Application of biodegradable polymer
Natural polymer
They occur naturally and are found in plants and animals. For example, proteins, starch, cellulose, and rubber. To add up, we also have biodegradable polymers called biopolymers.
Semi-synthetic Polymers:
They are derived from naturally occurring polymers and undergo further chemical modification. For example, cellulose nitrate, and cellulose acetate.
Synthetic Polymers
These are man-made polymers. Plastic is the most common and widely used synthetic polymer. It is used in industries and various dairy products. For example, nylon-6, 6, polyether’s etc.
Thermosetting polymersThese polymers greatly improve the material’s mechanical properties. It provides enhanced chemical and heat resistance. For example, phenolics, epoxies, and silicones.Addition Polymerization: For Example, poly ethane, Teflon, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)Condensation Polymerization: Example, Nylon -6, 6, perylene, polyesters.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
1
Name: Chem 9, Section:
Lab Partner: Experiment Date:
Synthetic Polymers and Plastics
Part A: Physical Characteristics
Find or choose one type of each of the following plastic polymers, and report the following
characteristics:
Plastic
number
Short Name
(HDPE,
LDPE, etc)
Clear
(yes or no)
Opaque
(yes or no)
Flexibility
(can be
bent?)
Durability
(hard or
soft)
Breakability
(can be
cracked?)
Recyclable
(yes or no)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Part B: Density Tests
Report for plastic samples in each liquid: sinks rapidly, sinks slowly, floats on top, floats below surface
Plastic
number
1:1 ethanol/water
density = 0.94 g/cm
3
Water
density = 1.0 g/cm
3
10% NaCl solution
density = 1.08 g/cm
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
Relative Plastic Densities:
Less than 0.94 g/cm
3
Less than 1.0 g/cm
3
Less than 1.08 g/cm
3
More than 1.08 g/cm
3
Ranking of densities:
(lowest) _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ (highest)
2
Part C: Polymer Bouncy Balls
Polymer Ball composition Approximate height bounced Physical characteristics
Ball #1:
Ball #2
Ball #3
Questions
1. Which of the Big Six plastics was the most flexible?
2. Which of the Big Six plastics would be the best material for each of the following examples?
Use short names to identify each plastic (e.g. HDPE).
a replacement for a glass window ?
a take-out container for food?
a flexible, expandable bag for carrying items?
a lightweight bottle cap?
3. An unknown plastic floats in a 10% NaCl solution but sinks in water. What is the range of
possible density values this plastic may have? Suggest the composition of this plastic.
3
4. Why is it important to dislodge any adhering bubbles in the density tests?
5. PET plastic (number 1) is the most valuable waste plastic at the present time. Suggest a way
to separate it commercially from other waste plastics.
6. Sometimes plastic containers are made from two polymers and not just one. What would
happen to the water density test if HDPE and PVC were mixed?
7. Why are plastic recyclers very concerned about identifying the different polymers and not
mixing them together?
8. The figure below depicts polymerization of polystyrene (PS). Circle the original monomers
and determine how many monomers are present.
4
9. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) is composed of the vinyl chloride monomer. The monomer
structure and general reaction are shown at right.
Draw a polyvinyl chloride polymer composed of five
monomers arrange ...
Main point of this slide
01. Introduction
02. There are some types of plastic materials such as
03. History
04. Organic Structure of Plastic
05. Mechanism of Organic Structure
06. The molecule Ethene
07. The molecule Polyvinyl chloride
08. Uses
09. Benefits
10. Uses Statistics
11. Pollutants of plastic
12. Disadvantage of plastic
13. Plastic Waste management
14. Alternative of Plastic
15. Conclusion
Thank you
Polymers Meyer (2014) suggests that a contemporary culture could n.docxChantellPantoja184
Polymers Meyer (2014) suggests that a contemporary culture could not long endure without the goods or products that the polymer industry provides (p. 607). These polymeric products include clothing, household/office, indoor and outdoor gadgets, and furnishings that are manufactured from natural and synthetic polymers. Polymers are not ordinarily considered hazardous materials since they are stable at ambient conditions; however, most of the products burn and produce toxic gases (Meyer, 2014). Because of their widespread use, it is of benefit to understand why and how they can pose hazards, especially during fires. For this unit, we will study the features and structural characteristics of commonly encountered polymers as well as the hazards that they pose when they burn. What are polymers? The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) education website defines polymers as substances or macromolecules that “are composed of very large molecules with molecular weights ranging from a few thousand to as high as millions of grams/mole” (n.d., para. 1). For additional information on polymers, visit http://www.iupac.org/polyedu/page33/page33.html. The structure of a macromolecule is essentially comprised of multiple repetitions of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low molecular mass. Polymers can be natural or synthetic, but most of us probably associate polymers with the synthetic ones such as plastic. Examples of natural polymers include protein, starch, cellulose, and DNA that make up most of the structures of living tissue. Synthetic polymers include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate, and polyethylene. UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE Chemistry of Toxic Substances BOS 3640, Interactions of Hazardous Materials 2 UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title Types of synthetic polymers: Synthetic polymers are often referred to as plastics, and most of them can be classified into the categories of elastomers, thermoplastics, and thermosets: Thermoplastics are polymers that soften when heated but return to their original condition on cooling to ambient temperature (e.g., polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene). Thermosets are polymers that cannot be remolded once they have solidified, such as polyurethane. Elastomers have elasticity like rubber (Polymer Science Learning Center, 2005). Polymerization is the chemical reaction during which monomers are linked and cross-linked to form polymers. The polymerization reaction is characterized by the macromolecule/polymer that is produced (see Figures 14.1 and 14.2 of the textbook). According to Meyer (2014), chemists have found when they examined the three-dimensional structure of polymers that the chains of repeating units are invariably cross-linked as shown in Figure 14.3 of the textbook. Note the following information about polymers: Intentional cross-linking technique for polymers is used during the production of thermoset plastics to make the polymer denser, stronger, and even elastic.
Introduction
Types of polymer
Classification of Polymer
Polymerization
Biodegradable Polymer
Application of biodegradable polymer
Natural polymer
They occur naturally and are found in plants and animals. For example, proteins, starch, cellulose, and rubber. To add up, we also have biodegradable polymers called biopolymers.
Semi-synthetic Polymers:
They are derived from naturally occurring polymers and undergo further chemical modification. For example, cellulose nitrate, and cellulose acetate.
Synthetic Polymers
These are man-made polymers. Plastic is the most common and widely used synthetic polymer. It is used in industries and various dairy products. For example, nylon-6, 6, polyether’s etc.
Thermosetting polymersThese polymers greatly improve the material’s mechanical properties. It provides enhanced chemical and heat resistance. For example, phenolics, epoxies, and silicones.Addition Polymerization: For Example, poly ethane, Teflon, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)Condensation Polymerization: Example, Nylon -6, 6, perylene, polyesters.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
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This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
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Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
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We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
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The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.