At the end of the lesson, you should be able learn:
1. recognize and recall a moral experience;
2. detect a moral dilemma;
3 .identify the three levels of moral dilemmas.
This presentation aims to let the students appreciate the existence of Man. Needless to say, they will understand more the complexity of man as human being.
At the end of the lesson, you should be able learn:
1. recognize and recall a moral experience;
2. detect a moral dilemma;
3 .identify the three levels of moral dilemmas.
This presentation aims to let the students appreciate the existence of Man. Needless to say, they will understand more the complexity of man as human being.
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. Capture and analyze your feelings in personal moral experiences;
2. compare reasonable and emotional responses;
3. check real-life cases against the 7-step model;
Human Acts and Acts of Man are both man's actions...Are they moral or immoral? Check out what to learn about the morality and the standard of morality based on the Christian moral perspectives- from Aristotelian to Thomisian...
I. Basic Concepts
Ethics define
- Human Act vs Act of Man
- Essential Elements of Human Act
- Determinants of Morality
- Modifiers of Human Act
- Norms of Morality
II. Rules
GE8 Ethics
Report PPT
What's involved?
The Compulsory Nature of Conscience
Conscience and Authority
Education of Conscience
It was already trimmed to the extent of leaving the important details.
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. Capture and analyze your feelings in personal moral experiences;
2. compare reasonable and emotional responses;
3. check real-life cases against the 7-step model;
Human Acts and Acts of Man are both man's actions...Are they moral or immoral? Check out what to learn about the morality and the standard of morality based on the Christian moral perspectives- from Aristotelian to Thomisian...
I. Basic Concepts
Ethics define
- Human Act vs Act of Man
- Essential Elements of Human Act
- Determinants of Morality
- Modifiers of Human Act
- Norms of Morality
II. Rules
GE8 Ethics
Report PPT
What's involved?
The Compulsory Nature of Conscience
Conscience and Authority
Education of Conscience
It was already trimmed to the extent of leaving the important details.
Relativism and Medical Ethics Exploring the Nature of Trut.docxsodhi3
Relativism and Medical
Ethics
Exploring the Nature of Truth & Euthanasia
When in Rome, Do as Romans Do
What is Relativism?
Relativism grounds the truth of something in the individual. So that,
when we want to know whether or not something is right or wrong,
who has the final say so? The individual. One of the major goals of
relativism is that it seeks to take away harsh judgment and replace it
with tolerance and peace.
Some Positive Aspects About Relativism
Living in America, our culture is a melting pot. Relativism reminds us
that we should not take our standards as being obvious for others.
Relativism can raise the question of whether or not we believe
something because it's actually true, or just because we are
comfortable with it.
Another example could be that we should not think of ourselves as
morally (or in any other way) superior because of our technological
advances. The temptation may be that we look down on primitive
tribes as being simple and uneducated. However their convictions and
beliefs run as deep as ours.
There are many kinds of relativism. Ultimately, the main tenants of
relativism are that:
1 There are no objective truths.
2 Objective truths are those truths which are true even if no one wants
to believe it.
3 Relativism says that because all truths are determined by
themselves, their cultures, language, etc. that objective truths
are actually an illusion.
4 Even truths such as 2+2=4 isn't necessarily truth, other than the fact
that we have all agreed historically that it is true.
• Because of this, "Man is the measure of all things". No one person's
ethics is better than another's. But with this we have to mean
that my ethics is no better than someone who lived 1500 years
ago in another country. One is no better than the other, just
different. A Buddhists' ethics are equal in merit to an American
atheist.
• Culture is responsible for the way we see and experience the world,
including our morality. Thus, we never really see things as they
really are, we always place our interpretation on reality. No
absolute standard for how we should act can be given because
we are not in a position to know (because knowledge of
universal truths is impossible) which system is "better." There is
no "better" - only different.
• As we will see, many ethical systems refer to some sort of absolute
"yardstick" to ground the correctness of their view. As we have
seen, relativism rejects any yardstick altogether. In relativism, we
are not burdened with trying to defend any sort of ethical system.
Instead we look at a common practice within a society.
• However, we should not conclude that just because there are no
moral absolutes, that therefore we should never make moral
judgements. For order and stability in our lives, we need rules,
and we life is best when we work together. This is why, for
example, it is okay in one culture to cut off the hand of ...
An Introduction to Philosophy
Lecture 07: Applied Ethics
James Mooney
Open Studies
The University of Edinburgh
j.mooney@ed.ac.uk
www.filmandphilosophy.com
@film_philosophy
In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
What Should be the Christian View of Anime?Joe Muraguri
We will learn what Anime is and see what a Christian should consider before watching anime movies? We will also learn a little bit of Shintoism religion and hentai (the craze of internet pornography today).
Exploring the Mindfulness Understanding Its Benefits.pptxMartaLoveguard
Slide 1: Title: Exploring the Mindfulness: Understanding Its Benefits
Slide 2: Introduction to Mindfulness
Mindfulness, defined as the conscious, non-judgmental observation of the present moment, has deep roots in Buddhist meditation practice but has gained significant popularity in the Western world in recent years. In today's society, filled with distractions and constant stimuli, mindfulness offers a valuable tool for regaining inner peace and reconnecting with our true selves. By cultivating mindfulness, we can develop a heightened awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, leading to a greater sense of clarity and presence in our daily lives.
Slide 3: Benefits of Mindfulness for Mental Well-being
Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety levels, improving overall quality of life.
Mindfulness increases awareness of our emotions and teaches us to manage them better, leading to improved mood.
Regular mindfulness practice can improve our ability to concentrate and focus our attention on the present moment.
Slide 4: Benefits of Mindfulness for Physical Health
Research has shown that practicing mindfulness can contribute to lowering blood pressure, which is beneficial for heart health.
Regular meditation and mindfulness practice can strengthen the immune system, aiding the body in fighting infections.
Mindfulness may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity by reducing stress and improving overall lifestyle habits.
Slide 5: Impact of Mindfulness on Relationships
Mindfulness can help us better understand others and improve communication, leading to healthier relationships.
By focusing on the present moment and being fully attentive, mindfulness helps build stronger and more authentic connections with others.
Mindfulness teaches us how to be present for others in difficult times, leading to increased compassion and understanding.
Slide 6: Mindfulness Techniques and Practices
Focusing on the breath and mindful breathing can be a simple way to enter a state of mindfulness.
Body scan meditation involves focusing on different parts of the body, paying attention to any sensations and feelings.
Practicing mindful walking and eating involves consciously focusing on each step or bite, with full attention to sensory experiences.
Slide 7: Incorporating Mindfulness into Daily Life
You can practice mindfulness in everyday activities such as washing dishes or taking a walk in the park.
Adding mindfulness practice to daily routines can help increase awareness and presence.
Mindfulness helps us become more aware of our needs and better manage our time, leading to balance and harmony in life.
Slide 8: Summary: Embracing Mindfulness for Full Living
Mindfulness can bring numerous benefits for physical and mental health.
Regular mindfulness practice can help achieve a fuller and more satisfying life.
Mindfulness has the power to change our perspective and way of perceiving the world, leading to deeper se
The PBHP DYC ~ Reflections on The Dhamma (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma Reflections for the PBHP DYC for the years 1993 – 2012. To motivate and inspire DYC members to keep on practicing the Dhamma and to do the meritorious deed of Dhammaduta work.
The texts are in English.
For the Video with audio narration, comments and texts in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2g_43NEa0
The Book of Joshua is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.
The Chakra System in our body - A Portal to Interdimensional Consciousness.pptxBharat Technology
each chakra is studied in greater detail, several steps have been included to
strengthen your personal intention to open each chakra more fully. These are designed
to draw forth the highest benefit for your spiritual growth.
HANUMAN STORIES: TIMELESS TEACHINGS FOR TODAY’S WORLDLearnyoga
Hanuman Stories: Timeless Teachings for Today’s World" delves into the inspiring tales of Hanuman, highlighting lessons of devotion, strength, and selfless service that resonate in modern life. These stories illustrate how Hanuman's unwavering faith and courage can guide us through challenges and foster resilience. Through these timeless narratives, readers can find profound wisdom to apply in their daily lives.
The Good News, newsletter for June 2024 is hereNoHo FUMC
Our monthly newsletter is available to read online. We hope you will join us each Sunday in person for our worship service. Make sure to subscribe and follow us on YouTube and social media.
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way.pptxCelso Napoleon
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way
SBs – Sunday Bible School
Adult Bible Lessons 2nd quarter 2024 CPAD
MAGAZINE: THE CAREER THAT IS PROPOSED TO US: The Path of Salvation, Holiness and Perseverance to Reach Heaven
Commentator: Pastor Osiel Gomes
Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace
2. Definition of Dilemma
• is a situation where a person is forced
to choose between two or more
conflicting options, neither of which is
acceptable.
• the key here is that the person has
choices to make that will all have results
she does not want.
3. Definition of Dilemma
• For example:
A town mayor faces a dilemma
about how to protect and
preserve a virgin forest and at the
same time allow miners and
loggers for economic development
in the town.
4. Definition of Dilemma
• if a person is in a difficult situation but is not
forced to choose between two or more
options, then that person is not in a
dilemma.
– we can say is that the person is just experiencing
a problematic or distressful situation.
– the most logical thing to do for that person is to
look for alternatives or solutions to address the
problem.
5. Definition of Moral Dilemma
• are situations where persons, who are called
“moral agent” in ethics, are forced to choose
between two or more conflicting options,
neither of which resolves the situation in a
morally acceptable manner.
• When dilemmas involve human actions which
have moral implications, they are called
ethical or moral dilemmas.
6. Example
Lindsay is a deeply religious person; hence, she considers
killing humans absolutely wrong. Unfortunately, it is found
out that Lindsay is having an ectopic pregnancy. As is well
known, an ectopic pregnancy is a type of pregnancy that
occurs outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian
tube. In other words, in ectopic pregnancy, the fetus does not
develop in the uterus. Now, if this happens, the development
of the fetus will definitely endanger the mother. Thus, if
Lindsay continues with her pregnancy, then there is a big
possibility that she will die. According to experts, the best
way to save Lindsay’s life is to abort the fetus, which
necessarily implies killing the fetus, then Lindsay, as well as
the fetus, will die.
7. Three Conditions That Must Be Present For
Situations To Be Considered Moral Dilemmas.
1. The person or the agent of a moral action is
obliged to make a decision about which
course of action is best.
the moral agent must choose the best
option and act accordingly.
E.g. Lindsay may opt to abort the fetus
as the best course of action.
8. Three Conditions That Must Be Present For
Situations To Be Considered Moral Dilemmas.
2. There must be different courses of action to
choose from.
3. No matter what course of action is taken,
some moral principles are always
compromised.
by choosing one of the possible moral requirements, the
person also fails on others
9. Types of Moral Dilemma
There are several types of moral dilemmas, but
the most common of them are categorized into
the following:
1) epistemic and ontological dilemmas,
2) self-imposed and world-imposed dilemmas,
3) obligation dilemmas and prohibition
dilemmas,
4) single agent and multi-person dilemmas.
10. Epistemic Moral Dilemma
Involve situations wherein two or more moral
requirements conflict with each other and that
the moral agent hardly knows which of the
conflicting moral requirements takes
precedence over the other.
In other words, the moral agent here does not
know which options is morally right or wrong.
11. Epistemic Moral Dilemma
For example:
A father is ought to honor his
promise to his son to be home early,
but on his way home he saw a sick
old man who needs to be brought to
the hospital. Where does his actual
duty lie?
12. Epistemic Moral Dilemma
We need to note that we want a fuller knowledge
of the situation:
• Is an important purpose being served by my getting
home early?
• How serious is the condition of the sick old man?
One option must be better than the other; only,
it needs fuller knowledge of the situation.
13. Ontological Moral Dilemma
Involve situations wherein two or more moral
requirements conflict with each other, yet
neither of these conflicting moral
requirements overrides each other.
Neither of the moral requirement is stronger
than the other; hence, the moral agent can
hardly choose between the conflicting moral
requirements.
14. Ontological Moral Dilemma
For example:
A military doctor is attending to the needs
of the wounded soldiers in the middle of
the war. Unfortunately, two soldiers
urgently need a blood transfusion.
However, only one bag of blood is
available at the moment. To whom shall
the doctor administer the blood
transfusion?
15. We could not tell whether administering
a blood transfusion to soldier A is more
moral than administering a blood
transfusion to soldier B and vice versa.
Ontological Moral Dilemma
17. Self – Imposed Moral Dilemma
For example:
David is running for the position of town mayor.
During the campaign period, he promised the
indigenous peoples in his community to protect their
virgin forest just to gain their votes, but at the same
time, he seeks financial support from a mining
corporation. Fortunately, David won the elections, yet
he is faced with the dilemma of fulfilling his promise
to the indigenous peoples and at the same time
allowing mining corporation to destroy their forest.
18. Self –Imposed Moral Dilemma
through his own actions, David
created a situation in which it is
impossible for him to be discharged
from both obligations.
19. World – Imposed Moral Dilemma
means that certain events in the
world place the agent in a situation
of moral conflict.
20. For example:
Sophie Zawistowska has been asked to choose which
of her two children, Eva or Jan, will be sent to the gas
chamber in Auschwitz. An SS doctor, Fritz Jemand
von Niemand, will grant a dispensation to only one of
Sophies’ children. If she does not choose which one
should live, Dr. von Niemand will send both to their
death. Sophie chooses her daughter Eva to go to the
gas chamber. Her son, Jan, is sent to the Children’s
Camp.
World – Imposed Moral Dilemma
21. Obligation and Prohibition Dilemma
Obligation dilemma are situations
in which more than one feasible
action is obligatory.
Prohibition dilemmas involve
cases in which all feasible actions
are forbidden.
22. The French student's brother was killed in 1940 by the
Germans, but his father nonetheless later abandoned the
family to the Germans. The student had to choose between
staying in France with his mother, who "found her only
comfort in him," and leaving to fight with the Free French
against the German occupation. After realizing he was
caught between moral principles-family and nation, or the
obligation to care for his mother and the obligation to
avenge his brother's death-he came to Sartre for advice. The
philosopher told his student that there was no correct or
incorrect decision. Neither moral codes nor the strength of
his affections for one or the other party could determine
what to do; rather, the student had to "invent" his own
solution to the problem.
“Sartre’s Students”
23. the agent "ought, all things considered,
to do A, ought, all things considered, to
do B, and she cannot do both A and B".
the moral agent is compelled to act on
two or more equally the same moral
options but she cannot choose both.
Single - Agent Dilemma
24. For example:
A medical doctor found out that her patient has
HIV. For sure, the medical doctor may
experience tension between the legal
requirement to report the case and the desire to
respect confidentiality, although the medical
code of ethics acknowledges our obligation to
follow legal requirements and to intervene to
protect the vulnerable.
Single - Agent Dilemma
25. occurs in situations that involve
several persons like a family, an
organization, or a community who
are expected to come up with a
consensual decision on a moral
issue at hand.
Multi – person Dilemma
26. requires more than choosing what
is right, it also entails that the
persons involved reached a general
consensus.
the moral obligation to do what is
right becomes more complicated.
Multi – person Dilemma
27. For example:
A family may be torn between choosing to
terminate or prolong the life of a family member.
An organization may have to choose between
complying with the wage law by cutting its
workforce or by retaining its current workforce
by paying them below the required minimum
wage.
Multi – person Dilemma
28. On the one hand, the integrity of
the decision ought to be defended on
moral grounds.
On the other hand, the decision
must also prevent the organization
from breaking apart.
Multi – person Dilemma