This document provides an overview of tourism planning. It begins with definitions of tourism, tourist, and tourism planning. Tourism is defined as the movement of people outside their usual environments for various purposes. A tourist travels at least 80km from home for over 24 hours. Tourism planning involves creating strategies and plans to develop tourism for a destination. The importance of tourism planning is discussed, including the need for integrated development, economic benefits, conservation, and sustainable development. Key concepts in planning like economic development, land use, and infrastructure planning are introduced. The basic tourism planning process is outlined as study preparation, goal determination, surveys, analysis, plan formulation, recommendations, implementation, and monitoring.

1. DCP50222 TOURISM PLANNING
Ts. Izza Shafini binti Zainal Abidin

2. Assalamualaikum & Hello!
I am Izza Shafini
Room Location : STP 4.3
Mobile Phone No : 012-4558644
Operation Hour : 8.00 am – 5.00 pm
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3. 1.0
Introduction to
tourism planning
Let’s start with the first set of slides

4. 1.1 Definition of
Tourism
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5. Definition of tourism
“the sum of the operations, mainly the economic
ones which are directly connected to the entrance,
permanence and displacement of foreigners in an
out of a country city or region” (Schullen , 1911)
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6. Definition of tourism
> A human intentional activity that serves as a mean of
communication and as a link of interaction between the
peoples, inside a country or even beyond its geographical
demarcations. It involves the temporary displacement of
people from one region to another, country or even
continent, with the objective of satisfying necessities and
not the realization of remunerated activity for the visited
country, tourism is an industry whose products are
consumed in loco, product invicible exports. ( Wahab, 1977)
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7. Definition of tourism
> Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon
which entails the movement of people to countries or
places outside their usual environment for personal or
business/professional purposes. These people are called
visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists;
residents or non-residents) and tourism has to do with
their activities, some of which involve tourism expenditure.
( United Nations World Tourism Organization, 2008 )
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8. 1.2 Definition of
Tourist
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9. Definition of tourist
Building on the definition of tourism, a commonly
accepted description of a tourist is “someone who
travels at least 80 km from his or her home for at
least 24 hours, for business or leisure or other
reasons” (LinkBC, 2008, p.8)
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10. United Nations World Tourism Organization
(UNWTO)
Who is UNWTO?
UNWTO is the United
Nations agency
responsible “for the
promotion of
responsible,
sustainable and
universally
accessible tourism”
(UNWTO, 2014b).
Memberships
156 countries and
over 400 affiliates
such as private
companies and non-
governmental
organizations.
Purpose
promotes tourism
as a way of
developing
communities while
encouraging ethical
behaviour to
mitigate negative
impacts.
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11. The United Nations World Tourism Organization (1995) helps us
break down this definition further by stating tourists can be:
> Domestic (residents of a given country travelling only
within that country)
> Inbound (non-residents travelling in a given country)
> Outbound (residents of one country travelling in another
country)
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12. TRIVIA No 1:
List the purposes of
UNWTO to the tourism
sector
( 10 minutes)
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13. 1.3 Definition of
Tourism planning
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14. > Creating strategies and
plans to increase/
develop/encourage tourism
for a destination
Definition of tourism planning
> The fundamental reason
is to make money and to
subsequently increase
the GDP of a
country/area.
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15. Definition of tourism planning
> Tourism planning is a
means of creating
quality tourist
destinations for the
enhancement of visitor
satisfaction. Gee
(1997:325)
> Planning is therefore
needed to create quality
destinations that will
meet the demands of
tourists.
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16. Tourism-related groupings
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> Accommodation
> Food and beverage services (commonly known as
“F & B”)
> Recreation and entertainment
> Transportation
> Travel services
>

17. 1.3.1 importance of
Tourism planning
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18. Importance of tourism planning
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Integrated Tourism Development
> Tourism Industry comprises of many different sectors
- A plan is needed to coordinate the activities from different sectors
towards common goal
- According to Gee(1997), there is need to plan tourism so as to “have
a common vision, direction and commitment for tourism established
through a participative process of involving many stakeholders”
(p. 325).

19. > Economic benefits
- Requires huge capital investment and good planning is
needed to ensure economic
- Revenue generation as one of the reasons tourism planning
is needed (Roday, Biwal and Joshi (2010:436)
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20. > Conservation
- Certain historic sites, cultural traits/activities, scenic
environments and tourist attractions should necessarily be
conserved or they would suffer irreparable damage or go
into extinction
- Planning helps to put policies, regulations and laws in place
that will ensure their continued maintenance and
existence.
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21. Sustainable tourism development
> Bhatia (2006) categorically states that “of all the modern
industries, tourism has the greatest need to protect the
environment of the places of natural and cultural
importance
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22. > When tourism development is not well planned, it can lead
to gradual wearing away or destruction of natural, cultural
and environmental resources, thereby jeopardizing the
ability of future generations to enjoy such resources,
thereby jeopardizing the ability of future generations to
enjoy such resources
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23. > Human resources development
- Tourism requires the services of professionals as well as
skilled and unskilled labour force
- A good plan to provide sufficient human resources with the
required skills and expertise
- Planning is needed to decipher the amount of human
resources needed in a particular site, skills required and
how they can be acquired
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24. > Security
- Tourism plan addresses internal security problems, crime
perpetrated by tourists and crime against tourists by
members of the host community. A good plan ensures
adequate security in a particular destination.
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25. - Essential for Host Community development : leads to
community development.
- Identify ethical issues – preparing guide book to tourist or
tour operators
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26. Tourism Planning is
important to :
> Tourism
stakeholders
> Business
entrepreneurs
> Government bodies
> Tourism workers
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27. TRIVIA No 2:
Define ‘Tourism
Stakeholders’
( 10 minutes)
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28. 1.4 Concepts of
planning
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29. Let’s review some concepts
• Economic
development
planning
• Physical land use
planning
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• Infrastructure
planning
> transportation facilities
and services,
> water supply
> electric power,
> sewage and solid waste
disposal
> telecommunication
• Social facility
planning
> Educational
> medical
> recreation facilities
services
• Park and
conservation
planning

30. Let’s review some concepts
• Urban and regional planning
> comprehensive planning approach integrating economic, land use,
> infrastructure, social facilities and park an conservation planning.
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• Formal Planning
> done by government agencies
• Corporate Planning
> private sector and companies-detailed shopping centres, residential areas
and tourist resort
> must meet the standards of local government and approved by it.

31. Contemporary Planning Approaches and Techniques
PREVIOUS
> emphasis on end state master plan
> too rigid
> no taking into account changing lifestyles, technology or other
circumstances
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32. Present
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a) Planning is a continuous process
> Must be flexible
> Depending on changing circumstances but still achieve basic objectives
> Incremental planning- from general to more specific levels
b) Comprehensive and integrated
> Recognize that all development sectors and supporting facilities
> interrelated with one another with natural environment and society of
the area

33. present
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c) System Approach
> in order to achieve effective development patterns
> all problems of the area or development sector being planned must be
understood and carefully integrated
> Require sufficient information in order to analyze

34. present
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d) Community involvement- in planning process and decision making
> opportunity to participate in planning
> express their views on type of future community they want to live
> concern about environmental an cultural degradation

35. Basic Planning Process
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1. Study preparation – decision to proceed with the study, writing of the
project TOR and organization of the project
2. Determination of development goals and objectives –first decided in a
preliminary manner subject to modifications results an plan
formulation
3. Surveys – surveys and inventory of existing situation and
characteristics of the development area
4. Analysis and synthesis- basis for the plan formulation
5. Plan formulation – Formulation of the development policy and physical
plan, typically based on preparation and evaluation of alternative
policies and plans

36. Basic Planning Process
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6. Recommendations- Formulation of the recommendations on plan-related
projects elements.
7. Implementation- implementation of the plan and related
recommendations, utilizing various techniques that have been identified in
the plan.
8. Monitoring –continuous monitoring and feedback

37. Tourism planning approach
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AIM - Practical application in the formulation of tourism development policies
and plan.
The elements are described as follows:
> Continuous, incremental and flexible approach
> Systems approach- as interrelated system and should be planned as
such, utilizing systems analysis technique
> Comprehensive approach- including all aspects of tourism development
including its institutional elements and environmental and
socioeconomic implications are analysed and planned comprehensively; a
holistic approach

38. Tourism planning approach
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The elements are described as follows:
> Integrated approach – Related to the systems and comprehensive
approach, is integrated into the overall plan and total developments
patterns of the area.
> Environmental and sustainable development approach- tourism is
planned developed an managed is such manner that its natural and
cultural resources are not depleted or degraded, but maintained as viable
resources on a permanents basis for continuous future use. Carrying
capacity analysis is an important techniques used.

39. 39
Thanks!