Blood Test is one of the simplest and earlier ways of detecting any underlying medical conditions. Let us see in this article top 10 blood tests that are mostly performed in every lab or clinic.
What is erectile dysfunction and how to treat it?Amanda Boyes
The men with the erotic disorder face trouble in relationship, low self-esteem, embarrassment, stress or anxiety, unsatisfactory sex life. Men erection is a complex process.
A range of drugs and treatments are available for the treatment of erotic disorder, which range from simple oral medication to complex surgeries. The underlying cause of ED will determine which treatment is suggested.
This slide is for educational purpose prepared by medical student at Nepal. This slide include introduction, Investigation and Management of Hirsutism.
What is erectile dysfunction and how to treat it?Amanda Boyes
The men with the erotic disorder face trouble in relationship, low self-esteem, embarrassment, stress or anxiety, unsatisfactory sex life. Men erection is a complex process.
A range of drugs and treatments are available for the treatment of erotic disorder, which range from simple oral medication to complex surgeries. The underlying cause of ED will determine which treatment is suggested.
This slide is for educational purpose prepared by medical student at Nepal. This slide include introduction, Investigation and Management of Hirsutism.
Low sperm count | oligospermia | symptoms | management-a medical study martinshaji
this is a common condition observed in men now a days due to unhealthy sedentary lifestyle and also due to some environmental factors ..it is necessary to know some medical facts
please comment
thank you
Empower Pharmacy (http://www.empowerrxpharmacy.com/) is a compounding pharmacy located in Houston, TX. We are a member of the International Academy of Compounding Pharmacists and Houston's most advanced compounding pharmacy. We specialize in Weight Management, Anti-Aging, Bio-Identical Hormone Replacement Therapy (BHRT), Men's Health and Women's Health medications.
The point at which the male accomplice has low sperm count or under 15 million sperm for each ml in discharge due to Oligospermia, this impacts the male regenerative framework and can not prepare an egg. Accordingly female accomplice unfit to imagine pregnancy because of less sperm tally. Visit Indira IVF for appropriate direction to dispose of male infertility.
Call us today to schedule your FREE consultation!
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I-Introduction
II. Pharamacodynamics
III. Pharmacokinetics
IV. Therapeutic Indications
V. Precautions & Adverse Reactions
VI. Drug Interactions
VII. Summary
Hormones are chemicals made in the body. They control how cells and organs work. With respect to hormone therapies, the only significant factor is whether the molecular structure of the replacement hormone exactly matches that of the natural hormone it is replacing. Our body identifies them as human-identical hormones and metabolizes them just as if our body had made them. As information about BHRT became available, interest in BHRT increased significantly. Now a day, Pharmaceutical companies are producing the hormone based drug which is containing same molecular formula but having different brand names. And their delivery to the body is also different.
Blood test normal values and it's importanceGOPAL KHODVE
Laboratory tests check a sample of your blood, urine, or body tissues. A technician or your doctor analyzes the test samples to see if your results fall within the normal range. The tests use a range because what is normal differs from person to person. Many factors affect test results. These include
Your sex, age and race
What you eat and drink
Medicines you take
How well you followed pre-test instructions
Your doctor may also compare your results to results from previous tests. Laboratory tests are often part of a routine checkup to look for changes in your health. They also help doctors diagnose medical conditions, plan or evaluate treatments, and monitor diseases.
Interpretation and Clinical Significance of some Clinical Laboratory Tests - ...Bigin Gyawali
Certainly, clinical laboratory tests play a crucial role in assessing the function and health of various organ systems in the body. Let's discuss the clinical significance of some common laboratory tests for each of the mentioned systems:
1. **Cardiovascular System:**
- **Complete Blood Count (CBC):** Evaluating red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels can help identify anemia, which may contribute to cardiovascular issues.
- **Lipid Profile:** Measures cholesterol levels (LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol), triglycerides, and can help assess the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
2. **Endocrine System:**
- **Thyroid Function Tests (TFTs):** TSH, T3, and T4 levels are assessed to diagnose thyroid disorders. An imbalance in thyroid hormones can affect metabolism and cardiovascular function.
- **Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c):** Monitors long-term glucose control and is essential in managing diabetes, a condition that can impact multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular and renal systems.
3. **Gastrointestinal System:**
- **Liver Function Tests (LFTs):** Assess the health of the liver by measuring enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), bilirubin, and proteins. Abnormalities may indicate liver disease or dysfunction.
- **Stool Tests (e.g., fecal occult blood):** Detects blood in the stool, which may indicate gastrointestinal bleeding or conditions such as colorectal cancer.
4. **Hematologic System:**
- **Coagulation Panel (PT, aPTT, INR):** Evaluates the blood's clotting ability. Abnormalities may suggest bleeding disorders or an increased risk of thrombosis.
- **Complete Blood Count (CBC):** Assesses the cellular components of blood, including red and white blood cells and platelets, helping to diagnose anemias, infections, and blood disorders.
5. **Renal System:**
- **Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine:** Evaluate kidney function. Elevated levels may indicate impaired renal function, suggesting acute or chronic kidney disease.
- **Urinalysis:** Examines urine for abnormalities such as protein, blood, or glucose, providing insights into kidney and urinary tract health.
6. **Respiratory System:**
- **Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis:** Assesses oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, helping diagnose respiratory and metabolic disorders.
- **Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs):** Measures lung function, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Interpretation of these tests requires a comprehensive understanding of the patient's medical history and clinical presentation. Abnormal results can guide further diagnostic investigations and help healthcare professionals develop appropriate treatment plans. Regular monitoring of these parameters is vital for managing chronic conditions and preventing complications.
Low sperm count | oligospermia | symptoms | management-a medical study martinshaji
this is a common condition observed in men now a days due to unhealthy sedentary lifestyle and also due to some environmental factors ..it is necessary to know some medical facts
please comment
thank you
Empower Pharmacy (http://www.empowerrxpharmacy.com/) is a compounding pharmacy located in Houston, TX. We are a member of the International Academy of Compounding Pharmacists and Houston's most advanced compounding pharmacy. We specialize in Weight Management, Anti-Aging, Bio-Identical Hormone Replacement Therapy (BHRT), Men's Health and Women's Health medications.
The point at which the male accomplice has low sperm count or under 15 million sperm for each ml in discharge due to Oligospermia, this impacts the male regenerative framework and can not prepare an egg. Accordingly female accomplice unfit to imagine pregnancy because of less sperm tally. Visit Indira IVF for appropriate direction to dispose of male infertility.
Call us today to schedule your FREE consultation!
Testosterone Replacement Therapy Richardson, TX
Richardson Pain & Wellness
777 S. Central Expy Suite 6E
Richardson, TX 75080
(972) 907-1125
Website: https://mgyb.co/s/uZQTq
Google Site: https://mgyb.co/s/bQcWz
Google Folder: https://mgyb.co/s/7QgOh
New Google Page: https://mgyb.co/s/YNch6
Google Map: https://mgyb.co/s/zl9Up
Youtube: https://mgyb.co/s/mBOQq
I-Introduction
II. Pharamacodynamics
III. Pharmacokinetics
IV. Therapeutic Indications
V. Precautions & Adverse Reactions
VI. Drug Interactions
VII. Summary
Hormones are chemicals made in the body. They control how cells and organs work. With respect to hormone therapies, the only significant factor is whether the molecular structure of the replacement hormone exactly matches that of the natural hormone it is replacing. Our body identifies them as human-identical hormones and metabolizes them just as if our body had made them. As information about BHRT became available, interest in BHRT increased significantly. Now a day, Pharmaceutical companies are producing the hormone based drug which is containing same molecular formula but having different brand names. And their delivery to the body is also different.
Blood test normal values and it's importanceGOPAL KHODVE
Laboratory tests check a sample of your blood, urine, or body tissues. A technician or your doctor analyzes the test samples to see if your results fall within the normal range. The tests use a range because what is normal differs from person to person. Many factors affect test results. These include
Your sex, age and race
What you eat and drink
Medicines you take
How well you followed pre-test instructions
Your doctor may also compare your results to results from previous tests. Laboratory tests are often part of a routine checkup to look for changes in your health. They also help doctors diagnose medical conditions, plan or evaluate treatments, and monitor diseases.
Interpretation and Clinical Significance of some Clinical Laboratory Tests - ...Bigin Gyawali
Certainly, clinical laboratory tests play a crucial role in assessing the function and health of various organ systems in the body. Let's discuss the clinical significance of some common laboratory tests for each of the mentioned systems:
1. **Cardiovascular System:**
- **Complete Blood Count (CBC):** Evaluating red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels can help identify anemia, which may contribute to cardiovascular issues.
- **Lipid Profile:** Measures cholesterol levels (LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol), triglycerides, and can help assess the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
2. **Endocrine System:**
- **Thyroid Function Tests (TFTs):** TSH, T3, and T4 levels are assessed to diagnose thyroid disorders. An imbalance in thyroid hormones can affect metabolism and cardiovascular function.
- **Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c):** Monitors long-term glucose control and is essential in managing diabetes, a condition that can impact multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular and renal systems.
3. **Gastrointestinal System:**
- **Liver Function Tests (LFTs):** Assess the health of the liver by measuring enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), bilirubin, and proteins. Abnormalities may indicate liver disease or dysfunction.
- **Stool Tests (e.g., fecal occult blood):** Detects blood in the stool, which may indicate gastrointestinal bleeding or conditions such as colorectal cancer.
4. **Hematologic System:**
- **Coagulation Panel (PT, aPTT, INR):** Evaluates the blood's clotting ability. Abnormalities may suggest bleeding disorders or an increased risk of thrombosis.
- **Complete Blood Count (CBC):** Assesses the cellular components of blood, including red and white blood cells and platelets, helping to diagnose anemias, infections, and blood disorders.
5. **Renal System:**
- **Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine:** Evaluate kidney function. Elevated levels may indicate impaired renal function, suggesting acute or chronic kidney disease.
- **Urinalysis:** Examines urine for abnormalities such as protein, blood, or glucose, providing insights into kidney and urinary tract health.
6. **Respiratory System:**
- **Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis:** Assesses oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, helping diagnose respiratory and metabolic disorders.
- **Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs):** Measures lung function, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Interpretation of these tests requires a comprehensive understanding of the patient's medical history and clinical presentation. Abnormal results can guide further diagnostic investigations and help healthcare professionals develop appropriate treatment plans. Regular monitoring of these parameters is vital for managing chronic conditions and preventing complications.
Lab Tests are tools that provide information about the client.
Tests may be used for basic screening as part of a wellness check.
Frequently tests are used to help confirm a diagnosis, monitor an illness, and provide valuable information about the client’s response to treatment.
HIGH AND LOW BLOOD TEST RESULTS: What Do They Mean?Nelson Vergel
As patient self-education grows with access to information online, more people in the U.S. are taking charge of their health by buying their own blood tests online with no doctor visit via companies like DiscountedLabs.com . Large blood testing networks located all over the United States make it easy for empowered and educated patients to find a lab location near them where they can have their blood drawn or provide a urine or saliva sample. Discounted Labs makes it easy for those consumers to buy and interpret their blood test results so that they can have more educated discussions with their physicians.
After people buy their own blood tests and received their results, it is sometimes difficult to make sense of what high or low blood test values mean when compared with the “normal” ranges provided by blood testing companies. Searching on the Internet may only give people a limited explanation of the health consequences of these high or low blood test values. We will attempt to include the most common blood tests, their ranges and meaning of high or low values in the following article to save people time in their search for next steps.
Note: Consult your health care provider to get explanations about your blood test results and how he or she uses them to diagnose and treat your condition. This information is not meant to provide medical advice or guide any treatment decisions and it is only intended as an educational tool to enable you to have an educated discussion with your health care provider.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
2. Complete Blood Count
As the name indicates, these blood tests give the complete count of the various
types of blood cells namely white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets counts.
• Usually, a good count of WBC ranges between 4300 and 10800 cells per cubic millimetre,
for RBC is 4.2 to 5.9 million cells per cubic mm and platelet count is 150000 to 400000
per cubic mm.
• Apart from the general routine health exam it can be used to detect various health
conditions like abnormal bleeding, infection or anaemia and much more.
3. Fibrinogen
Liver makes a blood plasma protein known as Fibrinogen or Factor I which is one of
the 13 coagulation factors that are responsible for blood clotting.
• The normal range is 1.5 to 3.0 grams per litre of fibrinogen in the blood.
• When you have abnormal bleeding, this test may be recommended by your doctor.
Haemorrhage, abnormal fibrinolysis or inherited fibrinogen deficiency all some of the
causes of abnormal bleeding.
4. Haemoglobin A1C
To ensure if your blood sugar level is in control or to detect if you have diabetes your
doctor orders for this Haemoglobin A1C test. Every 2 to 3 months this test needs to
be performed to check if your diabetes is in control and your doctor may increase or
decrease the diabetes medicines according to the test results.
• The normal range of Haemoglobin A1C is between 4% and 5.6% for an average person
without diabetes, and it should be less than 7% for people with diabetes.
5. DHEA
Dehydroepiandrosterone is a special hormone that is present in adrenal glands
above the kidneys whose primary function is to make estrogen in women and
testosterone in men.
• The normal DHEA level in women is 145 to 395 micrograms per decilitre however it
continually changes with age. Similarly, for men between 20 and 29, the normal range is
280 to 640 microgram/decilitre.
• Your doctor may order for DHEA tests if he doubts you may have any adrenal
dysfunctions.
6. Prostate-Specific Antigen
The prostate gland produces a unique substance known as Prostate-Specific
Antigen(PSA) which helps to detect prostate cancer.
• The typical PSA level must be lower than 4 ng/mL anything higher than this have a
higher risk of cancer.
7. Homocysteine
The main building blocks of all proteins in the body is given by amino acids. One of
the amino acids that are produced by the body by chemically modifying the
adenosine is Homocysteine.
• The normal range of Homocysteine is 4-15 µml/L.
• These tests can be recommended by the doctor in a few rare cases like onset of blood
clot formation, strokes, atherosclerosis or heart attack.
8. C-Reactive Protein
A special protein that is produced by your liver is called as C-Reactive protein.
• The normal range of CRP level is 3 to 5 mg/L.
• Whenever your CRP level increases, it is an indication of inflammation in your body.
9. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
To check the proper functioning of your thyroid gland,TSH test is taken.
• The normal range is between 0.5 to 4.5 or 5.0 mIU/L.
• It detects if you have under reactive, i.e., hypothyroidism or, i.e., hyperthyroidism
disease.
10. Testosterone
Testosterone is the vital hormone which is responsible for sperm production in men.
• The typical range of testosterone for an average adult male is between 270-1070 ng/dL.
• These tests are recommended if you have low libido, infertility or erectile dysfunction.
11. Estradiol
One of the types of estrogen hormone is Estradiol which plays a vital role in
women’s reproductive health.
• The normal range of menstruating women is 15 to 350 pg/mL.
• This test is done if you have hot flashes, vaginal dryness or menopause symptoms.
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important-blood-tests