Electronics and Hardware

1.  Hand Tools
 Multi-Meter
 Clamp meter
 TDS Meter
 Soldering Iron and wire
 Soldering and de-soldering
CONTENT
S
 TOPIC: TOOLS &
EQUIPMENT
Prep. By: Er. Tanveer Ahmad
Vocational Teacher at LAQSH ACADEMY

2. Introduction to Tools & Equipments
Tools and equipment are not only two
words that are often used in day to day
life, but also two utensils that are often
used every day as well.
Any physical item that is used to
achieve a goal but is not consumed
during this process can be defined as a
TOOL.
The idea of equipment represents all
sorts of machinery, functional devices
or accessories which serve an
individual, household or a community
purpose. Usually, a set of tools that are
designated for a specific task is known
as EQUIPMENT.

3. HAND TOOLS:
Hand tools are fairly simple tools which
you use with your hands , which are
usually not powered. Categories of hand
tools include :
Screwdrivers,
Pliers
Wire Stripper
Wire Cutters
Phase Tester
Pipe Wrench
Wire Lugs
Drill machine
Drill bits etc.

4. SCREWDRIVERS:
Screwdrivers are designed for loosening
or tightening screws.
A typical simple screwdriver has a handle
and a shank, ending in a tip the user puts
into the screw head before turning the
handle. The shank is often made up of
chrome plated with vanadium steel.
There are several varieties of screw-
heads. To a given screw-head design
corresponds one type of screwdriver tip
which will perfectly fit in.

5. PLIERS
Pliers is a tool with two handles at one
end and two hard, flat, metal parts at the
other. Pliers are used for holding or
pulling out things such as nails, or for
bending or cutting wire.

6. TYPES OF PLIERS
Needle-Nose Pliers
Flat-Nose Pliers

7. Needle-Nose Pliers
Needle-nose pliers (also known as pointy-
nose pliers, long-nose pliers, pinch-nose
pliers or snipe-nose pliers) are both
cutting and holding pliers used by
artisans, jewelry designers, electricians,
network engineers and other tradesmen
to bend, re-position and snip wire.

8. Flat-Nose Pliers
These flat nose pliers are designed for
making sharp bends and right angles in
wire. Flat nose pliers can also grip flat
objects and work well for straightening
bent wire. These pliers are essential for
wire work.

9. WIRE STRIPPER
A wire stripper is a small, hand-held
device used to strip the electrical
insulation from electric wires.

10. WIRE CUTTER
Wire cutters are tools for cutting wire.
They may be a dedicated tool, such as
diagonal cutters, they may be one of
several tools on a multi-tool, or they may
be a secondary function on a tools whose
main function is something else (often a
pair of pliers).

11. PHASE TESTER
It is a device, often built into a
screwdriver, used to check for electric
current.

12. PIPE WRENCH
The pipe wrench or pipe spanner is
designed to be used on pipes or similar
round surfaces. The surface of the jaws
on the spanner has sharp cutting teeth
used to grip the pipe. When the wrench is
placed around the pipe, and pressure is
placed on the handle, the wrench clamps
onto the pipe. This wrench should never
be used on fasteners or any equipment
with a surface that must not be damaged
or marred.

13. WIRE LUGS
Cable or wire lugs are devices that are
used for connecting cables to electrical
appliances, other cables, surfaces, or
mechanisms. The clamps that connect
wires to an automotive battery are
common example of a cable lug, as are
the ends of battery jumper cables

14. DRILL MACHINE
A drill is a tool primarily used for making
round holes or driving fasteners. It is fitted
with a bit, either a drill or driver,
depending on application, secured by a
chuck. Some powered drills also include a
hammer function. Drills are commonly
used in woodworking, metalworking,
machine tool fabrication, construction and
utility projects.

15. DRILL BITS
Drill bits are cutting tools used to remove
material to create holes, almost always of
circular cross-section. Drill bits come in
many sizes and shapes and can create
different kinds of holes in many different
materials. In order to create holes drill bits
are usually attached to a drill, which
powers them to cut through the
workpiece, typically by rotation. The drill
will grasp the upper end of a bit called the
shank in the chuck.

16. MULTIMETERS
A multimeter is a measuring instrument.
An ammeter measures current,A
voltmeter measures the potential
difference (voltage) between two points,
and An ohmmeter measures resistance.
A multimeter combines these functions
and possibly some additional ones as
well, into a single instrument.

17. Types of Multimeter
Analog Multimeter:
An analog multimeter moves a needle
along a scale.
Digital multimeter:
Digital meters give an output in numbers,
usually on a liquid crystal display.

18. Example of measuring resistance of a Resistor with a multimeter

19. Clamp Meter
Clamp meter is often known as Tong
Tester also. It is an easy to use test
equipment and is useful in the
measurement of a live-conductor without
damaging / powering down the circuit.
One of the biggest advantage of this
equipment is that one may take the
measurement of a high value current even
without powering off/shutting down the
circuitry under test.

20. Types of Clamp Meter (Tong
Tester)
There are two basic types of tong testers
available in the market depending on the
nature of current to be measured. They
are: –
1. Current Transformer Clamp Meter
It is Used to measure AC current.
2. Hall Effect Clamp Meter:
It is used to measure AC as well as DC
current.

21. TDS METER
A TDS meter is a small hand-held device
used to indicate the Total Dissolved Solids
in a solution, usually water. Since
dissolved ionized solids, such as salts
and minerals, increase the conductivity of
a solution, a TDS meter measures the
conductivity of the solution and estimates
the TDS from that reading.

22. Soldering Iron
Soldering is a process in which two or more
metal items are joined together by melting and
flowing a filler metal into the joint, the filler metal
having a relatively low melting point.
A soldering iron is used to heat the connections
to be soldered.
For electronic circuits, you should use a 25- to
40-watt (W) soldering iron.
Higher wattage soldering irons are not
necessarily hotter; they are just able to heat
larger components.
A 40-W soldering iron makes joints faster than a
25-W soldering iron does.

23. Solder/Soldering Wire
Solder has a lower melting point than the
metals that are being connected .
The solder melts when it is heated by the
soldering iron, but the metals being joined
will not melt.
For most electronics work, a solder with a
diameter of 0.75 millimeters (mm) to 1.0
mm is best.
An alloy of 60/40 (60% tin, 40% lead) is
used for most electronics work, but lead-
free solders are available as well.

24. Soldering Process
Heat both items at the same time by
applying the soldering iron to the copper
pad and the component lead.
Continue heating and apply a few
millimeters of solder. Remove the iron and
allow the solder joint to cool naturally.

25. Soldering Process
It only takes a second or two to make the
perfect joint, which should appear shiny.
A GOOD SOLDER JOINT.

26. Desoldering Process
The good thing about using solder is the
fact that it can be removed easily in a
technique known as desoldering.
This comes in handy if you need to
remove a component or make a
correction to your electronic circuit.
To desolder a joint, you will need solder
wick which is also known as desoldering
braid or a solder sucker.

27. De-Solder Process: Solder
Sucker
Apply heat to the connection to be de-
soldered. When the solder melts, trigger
the solder sucker.
Repeat de-soldering as needed until all
solder is removed. Remove soldering iron
& solder sucker from area.
Remove component lead.

28. De-Solder Process: Solder
Wick
Solder wick is finely braided copper that is
used to wick away excess solder from a
de-soldered connection.
Apply the solder wick and
soldering iron to the de-soldered
connection. The solder wick will
draw the excess solder off of the
PCB pad.
De-soldered PCB pad

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For Questions, Discussions &
Confusions.
You Can Mail At
20anveer@gmail.com
Tanveer Ahmad

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