This document describes various skin lesions and conditions in Vietnamese. It defines macules, papules, plaques, nodules, cysts, wheals, scars, erosions, ulcers, atrophy, vesicles, bullae, pustules, scales, crusts, and lichenification. Examples are provided of each type of lesion along with relevant clinical information such as appearance, size, color, and possible causes. Images are included to illustrate some of the skin findings.

1. T H S . N G Ô M I N H V I N H
Tổn Thương Căn Bản

3. • Dát
• Sẩn
• Mảng
• Củ
• Mụn nước, bóng nước
• Mụn mủ
• Nang
Nguyên
phát
• vẩy
• Chợt
• Loét
• Sẹo
• Teo da
Thứ
phát

5. Flat
 Macule
 Patch
 Erythema
 Erythrothema

6. Dát (macule) – khoảng (patch)

7. Dát (macule) – khoảng (patch)
 Tổn thương ngang bằng da (không có sự dầy lên
hay teo lõm)  do đó không sờ được.
 Sự thay đổi màu sắc da, cấu trúc da bình thường
 Giới hạn rõ hoặc không rõ, có kích thước và màu
sắc rất đa dạng
 Dát < 0,5cm , khoảng > 0,5cm

10. Erythema
 Sự thay đổi màu sắc da hay niêm mạc do sự dãn
động mạch và tĩnh mạch trong lớp nhú , lớp lưới của
bì.

11. A 10 year old boy with low grade fever and viral symtpoms developed erythema
chronicum migrans diagnostic of Lyme disease on his forearm. His symptoms
and the rash disappeared 36 hours into a course of oral amoxicillin. erythema
migrans

12. This healthy 11-year-old boy developed erosions in
his mouth and lips and widespread target lesions
on his back, chest, and extremities. He had a
history of recurrent herpes labialis and one
previous episode of erythema multiforme.

13. Raised
 Papule
 Plaque
 Nodule
 Cyst
 Wheal
 Scar
 Comedo
 Horn
 Calcinosis

14. Sẩn (papule)

15. Sẩn (papule) – mảng (plaque)
 Tổn thương đặc
 Nhô cao trên bề mặt da  có thể sờ nắn
 Màu sắc đa dạng
 Nhiều sẩn có thể họp lại tạo thành mảng
 Sẩn < 0,5cm, mảng > 0,5cm

16. biopsy showed the typical changes of spindle and epithelial cell
nevus
A stable bluish-black papule appeared at least 5 years earlier. She had
a similar papule on her back.
Biopsy of a chronic red crusted papule on the cheek of this
70 year old light complected man with a history of
recurrent sun burns demonstrated a basal cell carcinoma.
After local excision the area healed well without recurrence
of the tumor.

17. Mảng (plaque)

18. A healthy 11 year old boy developed multiple infiltrated
papules which formed an asymptomatic oval plaque. The
plaque resolved 9 months later without leaving a scar.
granuloma annulare
This healthy 7-year-old girl developed an itchy expanding red
annular plaque with pustules at the periphery a week ago.
The plaque cleared over 10 days with the application of a
topical antifungal cream twice a day. tinea corporis tinea
faciei
This hemangioma shows early changes of
regression with subtle graying over the
center of the plaque. hemangioma
A 69 year-old-man was evaluated for an expanding
pigmented plaque on the left ear. Histology revealed a
superficial spreading melanoma with a Breslow index of
0.55mm. No metastases were noted on physical
examination, and the scar was reexcised with a 1 cm
margin. melanoma, superficial spreading melanoma

19. Cục (nodule)

20. Cục (nodule)
 Thương tổn đặc
 Có hình cầu hay trứng
 Nhô lên trên bề mặt da
 Nằm ở lớp bì hay hạ bì, nhiều khi phát hiện bằng
cách sờ nắn hơn là nhìn

21. This healthy 30-year-old woman developed a rapidly growing red
nodule on her forehead. Following several episodes of profuse
bleeding, the lesions was excised and the base was cauterized.
pyogenic granuloma
This acquired pigmented nevus on the back
had a 2 year history of increasing size and
elevation nevus, pigmented, compound
This elderly man complained of a bleeding nodule on his
back for years. A skin biopsy showed a thick melanoma
over 4mm deep. melanoma

22. Nang (cyst)

23. Nang (cyst)
 Chứa dịch hay bán dịch
 Hình tròn hay bầu dục
 Màu sắc tùy thuộc vào chất lỏng ở trong

24. This heatlhy 10-month-old boy was noted to have a small
cyst of the right nipple at birth. These lesions usually
resolve without treatment. nipple retention cyst

25. This 22-year-old man with a 2 year history of severe
nodulocystic acne was treated with oral 13-cis retinoic
acid.

26. Sẩn phù (wheal)

27. Sẩn phù (wheal)
 Sẩn hay mảng phù nề do thâm nhiễm dịch ở lớp bì
 Đặc tính quan trọng : chỉ xuất hiện thoáng qua, chỉ
kéo dài vài giờ; 24 – 48h (fitzpatrick)
 Màu hồng hay đỏ tái

28. This 4-year-old boy developed urticaria
following pressure to the buttock and thigh
urticaria dermatographism
This 34-year-old man complained of itchy skin.
Symptoms worsened with scratching. Note the linear
wheals resulting from scratching for this demonstration
of dermatographism dermatographism urticaria.

29. Sẹo (scar)

30. Sẹo (scar)
 Sự tái lập mô sợi từ khiếm khuyết do loét hay vết
thương
 Sẹo có thể phì đại do sự phát triển quá mức của
chất tạo keo, hoặc có thể teo lại.
 Trên mặt sẹo, da trơn mỏng và không có các bộ
phận phụ như lông, tuyến

31. This healthy 25-year-old woman developed a hypertrophic scar after
an accidental kerosene burn on her right hand and wrist.
keloid burn, thermal

32. This 25 year old man with acne developed keloids on his back,
shoulders, and chest as a complication of cystic acne

33. Depressed
 Erosion
 Ulcer
 Atrophy
 Poikiloderma
 Sinus
 Striae
 Burrow
 Sclerosis

34. Trợt (erosion)

35. Trợt (erosion)
 Chỉ tróc mất lớp thượng bì do đó khi lành không để
lại sẹo
 Có giới hạn rõ
 Thường do từ các mụn nước hoặc bóng nước

36. This 4 year old boy was recovering from chicken pox when he
developed a new fever and multiple expanding blisters filled with
pus. Gram stain of the pus showed Gram positive cocci in
clusters, and the culture grew Staphylococcus aureus.
varicella chicken pox impetigo, bullous

37. A 28 year old woman complained of painful and pruritic recurrent
blistering and erosions on her skin creases, back, chest, and back
of the neck and scalp. She had no lesions in her mouth, and her
general health was good. Her father had a similar eruption
confined to intertriginous areas. Histology demonstrated the
typical features of benign familial pemphigus. Hailey-Hailey
disease pemphigus, benign familial

38. Loét (ulcer)

39. Loét (ulcer)
 Bị thương tổn tới lớp bì hoặc sâu hơn nên khi lành
để lại sẹo

40. This elderly diabetic man with chronic
venous insufficiency and varicose veins
developed a large irregular ulcer with ragged
borders and red base covered with purulent
exudate on the right lower leg just above the
medial malleolus.

41. This 60 year old woman had a history of slowly growing
ulceratd plaque with hyperpigmented pearly rolled up
border involving the right side of her nose and adjacent
upper lip and lower cheeck for the last seven years.The
biopsy of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis of basal cell
carcinoma.

42. Teo da (atrophy)

43. Teo da (atrophy)
 Teo thượng bì: do có nhiều nếp nhăn, dễ xếp nếp,
hơi trong nên có khi thấy được tĩnh mạch bên dưới.
 Teo bì: da bị lõm xuống, teo bì có thể đi kèm với teo
thượng bì như vết rạn da

44. This woman with longstanding pyoderma
gangrenosum developed atrophic plaques
on her thighs and buttocks after chronic use
of moderate to high potency topical steroids

45. This young woman developed lipoatrophy
3-4 weeks following an injection of
triamcinolone acetonide into her hip.
lipoatrophy

46. Fluid filled
 Vesicle
 Bulla
 Pustule
 Furuncle
 Abscess

47. Mụn nước (vesicle) – bóng nước (bulla)

48. Mụn nước (vesicle) – bóng nước (bulla)
 Thương tổn nhô lên trên mặt da
 Chứa đầy chất lỏng, chất lỏng có thể là huyết thanh,
máu
 Sau khi hình thành một thời gian, mụn vỡ ra chảy
nước và đóng mài như trong tổ đỉa, chàm cấp
 Bóng nước có thể căng hay chùn
 Mụn nước <0,5cm; bóng nước >0,5cm

49. A healthy toddler developed a widespread
vesicular eruption with vesicles in various
stages of evolution typical of varicella.
varicella chicken pox
This healthy adolescent developed a
widespread primary Herpes simplex virus
infection 2 days after returning from a
beach vacation Herpes simplex virus
infection

50. Mụn mủ (pustule)

51. Mụn mủ (pustule)
 Thương tổn giới hạn rõ
 Trong chứa mủ (bạch cầu, +- vi khuẩn, +- tế bào)
 Tùy thuộc vào sự vô trùng, dịch tiết có thể màu
trắng, vàng hoặc vàng xanh
 Có kích thước đa dạng, có thể hợp lại với nhau

52. This adolescent was disturbed by his
worsening acne. He was begun on a topical
retinoid and oral antibiotic. acne vulgaris
This 19-year-old man complained of
painful pustules on his leg.
folliculitis Staphylococcal infection

53. Surface change
 Scale
 Crust
 Excoriation
 Fissure
 Lichenfinication
 Keratoderma
 Eschar

54. Vảy (scale)

55. Vảy (scale)
 Là những phiến thượng bì mỏng tróc trên mặt da
 Dễ tróc hoặc khó tróc
 Kích thước đa dạng

56. This 60-year-old woman had a two year history of
multiple,symmetric,salmon pink,pruritic plaques covered with
silvery scales on and around her buttocks and upper lateral
thighs.The smaller lesions coalesed to form large plaques.
psoriasis
This healthy 7-month-old boy developed coarse non-
inflammatory scale 4 months ago. ichthyosis, vulgaris

57. Mài (crust)

58. Mài (crust)
 Dịch tiết từ các mụn nước, bóng nước có thể khô lại
trên bề mặt
 Mài có thể mỏng, dễ vụn hoặc dầy, dính chặt

59. This 25-year-old man developed an itchy red
eruption on his face after applying a topical
antibiotic to areas of dry skin. The contact allergic
dermatitis became impetiginized with
Staphylococcus aureus, and cleared with oral
antibiotics, cool tap water compresses, and topical
steroids.
This 6 year old boy developed multiple expanding superficial
vesicles, pustules, and bulla with central crusting. His
brother (see related images) and subsequently 5 other
siblings developed similar lesions. All members of the family
with impetigo were treated with oral cephalexin with rapid
clearing of the rash. impetigo, bullous

60. lichenification
 Do gãi hay cọ xát thường xuyên. Da dày có màu
nâu, các rãnh ngang dọc nằm sâu vẽ thành ô không
đều. Các ô láng, bóng, sáng, đôi khi có vẩy hay vết
xước. Thương tổn thường thấy trong chàm mạn
tính.

61. A 6 year old boy with atopic dermatitis and a history of severe chronic
scratching developed lichenifiec papules, nodules and plaques on his
arms and legs. His face and torso were spared. He did not respond
well to topical steroids and lubricants and started a trial of topical
tacrolimus ointment in April.

62. A 6 year old boy with atopic dermatitis and a history of
severe chronic scratching developed lichenifiec papules,
nodules and plaques on his arms and legs. His face and
torso were spared. He did not respond well to topical
steroids and lubricants and started a trial of topical
tacrolimus ointment in April.

64. Cảm ơn đã lắng nghe!