High density polyethylene to study the density, Melt flow index carbon black content of high-density polyethylene raw materials at different parameters and different conditions and different environmental conditions
Improvement of Tensile Properties of Recycled Low-Density Polyethylene by Inc...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Plastics are used in versatile applications including
automobile, packaging, piping and house goods, these huge
uses attribute in the consumption of the oil reserves and the
emerged waste harm the environment when it disposed
irregularly. Recycling of plastics is one of the realistic
solutions to the aforementioned problems and to reduce
production cost. However, the reduction in mechanical
properties of recycled plastics limit their use and thus
reinforced plastics become popular because of their high
mechanical, physical and thermal properties. The effects of
calcium carbonate content from 0 to 15 wt.% on the tensile
properties of recycled low-density polyethylene (RLDPE)
were tested, the addition of calcium carbonate particles up to
15 wt.% was found to enhance the tensile strength and
modulus of elasticity of RLDPE samples. Three calcium
carbonate particle sizes (80, 200 and 500 µm) were mixed
with RLDPE to investigate the effect of particles size on the
tensile properties of RLDPE, it was found that the addition of
small filler particles resulted in a noticeable improvement of
tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of RLDPE
compared with large filler particles. It was also observed that
the addition of stearic acid slightly improves tensile
properties of RLDPE which may be related to improvement
of the interfacial adhesion between the filler and RLDPE. The
crystallization temperature and the degree of crystallinity of
RLDPE were increased by the addition of 7.5 wt.% calcium
carbonate particles because they act as nucleating agents.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
If you're scouring the internet for "hdpe granules suppliers delhi", then you are in the right place. Check Out Tirupatipolyplast.co.in. We are India's fastest growing Manufacturers and Suppliers of Plastic Granules. Polyethylene Granules, Polypropylene Granules, PPCP Granules, ABS Granules, Polycarbonate Granules, TPE Granules, and Recycled Plastic Granules are among the plastic raw materials and reprocessed plastic granules that we offer.
Improvement of Tensile Properties of Recycled Low-Density Polyethylene by Inc...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Plastics are used in versatile applications including
automobile, packaging, piping and house goods, these huge
uses attribute in the consumption of the oil reserves and the
emerged waste harm the environment when it disposed
irregularly. Recycling of plastics is one of the realistic
solutions to the aforementioned problems and to reduce
production cost. However, the reduction in mechanical
properties of recycled plastics limit their use and thus
reinforced plastics become popular because of their high
mechanical, physical and thermal properties. The effects of
calcium carbonate content from 0 to 15 wt.% on the tensile
properties of recycled low-density polyethylene (RLDPE)
were tested, the addition of calcium carbonate particles up to
15 wt.% was found to enhance the tensile strength and
modulus of elasticity of RLDPE samples. Three calcium
carbonate particle sizes (80, 200 and 500 µm) were mixed
with RLDPE to investigate the effect of particles size on the
tensile properties of RLDPE, it was found that the addition of
small filler particles resulted in a noticeable improvement of
tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of RLDPE
compared with large filler particles. It was also observed that
the addition of stearic acid slightly improves tensile
properties of RLDPE which may be related to improvement
of the interfacial adhesion between the filler and RLDPE. The
crystallization temperature and the degree of crystallinity of
RLDPE were increased by the addition of 7.5 wt.% calcium
carbonate particles because they act as nucleating agents.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
If you're scouring the internet for "hdpe granules suppliers delhi", then you are in the right place. Check Out Tirupatipolyplast.co.in. We are India's fastest growing Manufacturers and Suppliers of Plastic Granules. Polyethylene Granules, Polypropylene Granules, PPCP Granules, ABS Granules, Polycarbonate Granules, TPE Granules, and Recycled Plastic Granules are among the plastic raw materials and reprocessed plastic granules that we offer.
Abrasive jet micro-machining (AJM), in which abrasive parti-cles are accelerated by air and directed toward a target, has beenused to make components for micro-electromechanical (MEMS) and micro-fluidic capillary electrophoresis devices . One ofthe disadvantages of AJM is that the compressed air jet used topropel the erodent particles diverges significantly after the noz-zle exit, increasing the size of the blast zone and the width of thesmallest channel or hole that can be machined without the use of a patterned erosion-resistant mask that defines the micro-featureedges . Abrasive slurry jet micro-machining (ASJM) is similar to AJM except that pressurized water, instead of air, is used to accel-erate the suspended abrasive particles such as garnet or alumina(Al2O3). In both AJM and ASJM, the material removal occurs by ero-sion. However, for the same jet dimension and flow speed, slurryjets have a much lower divergence angle than air jets , allow-ing for the micro-machining of small features without the use ofpatterned masks.
2011-2014 pass out batch from CIPET Lucknow . project work on portable pipe system ,which included pipe types , compounding , processing method , trouble shooting , and testing , .Thank you for watching.
A new generation of cable grade poly(vinyl chloride) containing heavy metal f...Ali I. Al-Mosawi
Many additives are used to improve the performance of cables in terms of increasing their flame retardancy, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, and other characteristics. Unfortunately, most of these additives contain heavy metals. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to introduce a material representing a new generation of environmentally friendly heavy metal-free stabilizers for cable grade poly(vinyl chloride) that can compete with traditional materials in terms of performance and distinctive properties. This unique additive is Oxydtron, a synthetic silicate or simply nanocement. The tests performed are rheological properties represented by a capillary rheometry analysis, limiting oxygen index, and volume resistivity. The most significant improvement in Bagley correction measurements was 14.61%; 18.13%; and 27.20% more than poly(vinyl chloride) basic formulation when using 5wt.% Oxydtron at 160°C, 170°C, and 180°C, respectively. Also, the mean increases in relaxation time were 3.200 times, 8.825 times, and 12.458 times more than poly(vinyl chloride) basic formulation with 1wt.%, 3wt.%, and 5wt.% of Oxydtron, respectively. Furthermore, the Oxydtron lowered the value of the accompanying thermal gradient of the L.O.I test, reducing the heat-affected zone. The best result was with the extrusion processing method due to the uniformity of the processing conditions. However, the thermal gradient analysis showed residual heat stress in the test samples after cutting the burning layer and re-testing the samples again; this causes them to burn faster. This situation requires caution for designs that are exposed to high temperatures without burning. The optimum improvement in volume resistivity value was 14.71% and 38.24% more than poly(vinyl chloride) basic formulation after adding 5wt.% and 7wt.% of Oxydtron, respectively.
STUDY ON THE PROPERTIES OF PTMG TOUGHENER MODIFIED EPOXY RESINSijac123
The E-51 epoxy resin was modified by PTMG toughener. The resin was cured under high temperature, with
methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) as the curing agent and 2,4,6-
Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DMP-30) as the curing accelerator. Dynamic Mechanic Analysis data shows that PTMG significantly reduced the glass transition temperature of cured material. Impact strength test results shows that the presence of PTMG in the cured material increased its impact strength. The maximum impact strength was achieved while the mass fraction of PTMG is 12%. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus data indicates that the while the mass fraction was smaller than the valve value, PTMG increased the cured material’s tensile and flexural strength as well as its tensile and flexural modulus. While the mass fraction of PTMG was larger than the valve value, the increase of the mass fraction of PTMG reduced the cured material’s strength and modulus.
DESIGN OF OPEN GRADED FRICTION COURSE MIX USING POLYMER MODIFIED BITUMEN(LDPE)ARUN KANNA
Generation of plastics has increased significantly. Utilization of all types of plastics is unavoidable and it will produce non-biodegradable waste materials. The waste plastics are harmful to the environment if it is not disposed properly. It is very useful in the design and development of high quality flexible road pavement. So, adding the waste plastics as additives in the mix design of the pavement was expected to give good performance when comparing with conventional mix. In this project, advantages and development of modified bitumen is to be studied. The dosage of LDPE modified binder has taken as 6%, 8% &10% in the Open Graded Frictional Course (OGFC) mix design by wet process. The result shows the performance of OGFC mix using PMB.
fundamentals of polymer engineering lab.
To determine the mechanical behavior of common Thermoplastics (HDPE, LDPE, and PVC) in terms of their modulus, strength and elongation through tensile testing. 2. To determine the melting point of the given polymeric materials (HDPE, PP and ABS) using melting point apparatus. 3. Determine the melt flow rate of the provided ‘PP’ and ‘ABS’ by using MELT FLOW INDEXER. 4. To determine the moisture content of given polymeric material (PS, ABS and PMMA) using moisture meter. 5. To determine the hardness of the given polymer LDPE, HDPE and rubber specimens (NBR, Neoprene, NR lower thickness, NR high thickness) using hardness meter.
6. To determine the impact strength of different plastic sheets PET through Falling ball impact tester. 7. Determine the density of HDPE, PVC and PS specimens by displacement Method.
8. Determine the flow rate of different material in Flow meter.
9. To determine the viscosity of different liquids as a function of temperature and RPM.
Gravimetric, mechanical and chemical characterization of different materials used in sewers systems: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and high density polyethylene (HDPE), aged in sulfuric acid at 60°C
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
More Related Content
Similar to To study the density MFI And Carbon black content of HDPE raw materials
Abrasive jet micro-machining (AJM), in which abrasive parti-cles are accelerated by air and directed toward a target, has beenused to make components for micro-electromechanical (MEMS) and micro-fluidic capillary electrophoresis devices . One ofthe disadvantages of AJM is that the compressed air jet used topropel the erodent particles diverges significantly after the noz-zle exit, increasing the size of the blast zone and the width of thesmallest channel or hole that can be machined without the use of a patterned erosion-resistant mask that defines the micro-featureedges . Abrasive slurry jet micro-machining (ASJM) is similar to AJM except that pressurized water, instead of air, is used to accel-erate the suspended abrasive particles such as garnet or alumina(Al2O3). In both AJM and ASJM, the material removal occurs by ero-sion. However, for the same jet dimension and flow speed, slurryjets have a much lower divergence angle than air jets , allow-ing for the micro-machining of small features without the use ofpatterned masks.
2011-2014 pass out batch from CIPET Lucknow . project work on portable pipe system ,which included pipe types , compounding , processing method , trouble shooting , and testing , .Thank you for watching.
A new generation of cable grade poly(vinyl chloride) containing heavy metal f...Ali I. Al-Mosawi
Many additives are used to improve the performance of cables in terms of increasing their flame retardancy, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, and other characteristics. Unfortunately, most of these additives contain heavy metals. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to introduce a material representing a new generation of environmentally friendly heavy metal-free stabilizers for cable grade poly(vinyl chloride) that can compete with traditional materials in terms of performance and distinctive properties. This unique additive is Oxydtron, a synthetic silicate or simply nanocement. The tests performed are rheological properties represented by a capillary rheometry analysis, limiting oxygen index, and volume resistivity. The most significant improvement in Bagley correction measurements was 14.61%; 18.13%; and 27.20% more than poly(vinyl chloride) basic formulation when using 5wt.% Oxydtron at 160°C, 170°C, and 180°C, respectively. Also, the mean increases in relaxation time were 3.200 times, 8.825 times, and 12.458 times more than poly(vinyl chloride) basic formulation with 1wt.%, 3wt.%, and 5wt.% of Oxydtron, respectively. Furthermore, the Oxydtron lowered the value of the accompanying thermal gradient of the L.O.I test, reducing the heat-affected zone. The best result was with the extrusion processing method due to the uniformity of the processing conditions. However, the thermal gradient analysis showed residual heat stress in the test samples after cutting the burning layer and re-testing the samples again; this causes them to burn faster. This situation requires caution for designs that are exposed to high temperatures without burning. The optimum improvement in volume resistivity value was 14.71% and 38.24% more than poly(vinyl chloride) basic formulation after adding 5wt.% and 7wt.% of Oxydtron, respectively.
STUDY ON THE PROPERTIES OF PTMG TOUGHENER MODIFIED EPOXY RESINSijac123
The E-51 epoxy resin was modified by PTMG toughener. The resin was cured under high temperature, with
methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) as the curing agent and 2,4,6-
Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DMP-30) as the curing accelerator. Dynamic Mechanic Analysis data shows that PTMG significantly reduced the glass transition temperature of cured material. Impact strength test results shows that the presence of PTMG in the cured material increased its impact strength. The maximum impact strength was achieved while the mass fraction of PTMG is 12%. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus data indicates that the while the mass fraction was smaller than the valve value, PTMG increased the cured material’s tensile and flexural strength as well as its tensile and flexural modulus. While the mass fraction of PTMG was larger than the valve value, the increase of the mass fraction of PTMG reduced the cured material’s strength and modulus.
DESIGN OF OPEN GRADED FRICTION COURSE MIX USING POLYMER MODIFIED BITUMEN(LDPE)ARUN KANNA
Generation of plastics has increased significantly. Utilization of all types of plastics is unavoidable and it will produce non-biodegradable waste materials. The waste plastics are harmful to the environment if it is not disposed properly. It is very useful in the design and development of high quality flexible road pavement. So, adding the waste plastics as additives in the mix design of the pavement was expected to give good performance when comparing with conventional mix. In this project, advantages and development of modified bitumen is to be studied. The dosage of LDPE modified binder has taken as 6%, 8% &10% in the Open Graded Frictional Course (OGFC) mix design by wet process. The result shows the performance of OGFC mix using PMB.
fundamentals of polymer engineering lab.
To determine the mechanical behavior of common Thermoplastics (HDPE, LDPE, and PVC) in terms of their modulus, strength and elongation through tensile testing. 2. To determine the melting point of the given polymeric materials (HDPE, PP and ABS) using melting point apparatus. 3. Determine the melt flow rate of the provided ‘PP’ and ‘ABS’ by using MELT FLOW INDEXER. 4. To determine the moisture content of given polymeric material (PS, ABS and PMMA) using moisture meter. 5. To determine the hardness of the given polymer LDPE, HDPE and rubber specimens (NBR, Neoprene, NR lower thickness, NR high thickness) using hardness meter.
6. To determine the impact strength of different plastic sheets PET through Falling ball impact tester. 7. Determine the density of HDPE, PVC and PS specimens by displacement Method.
8. Determine the flow rate of different material in Flow meter.
9. To determine the viscosity of different liquids as a function of temperature and RPM.
Gravimetric, mechanical and chemical characterization of different materials used in sewers systems: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and high density polyethylene (HDPE), aged in sulfuric acid at 60°C
Similar to To study the density MFI And Carbon black content of HDPE raw materials (20)
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
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The family offers a choice of engines
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
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Halogenation process of chemical process industries
To study the density MFI And Carbon black content of HDPE raw materials
1. T O S T U D Y O F D E N S I T Y, M F I , C B C
O F H D P E R A W M A T E R I A L A T
D I F F E R E N T C O N D I T I O N S A N D A T
D I F F E R E N T P A R A M E T E R E S
2. A G E N D A
• ABSTRACT
• INTRODUCTION
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK
• MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
M O N D A Y , F E B R U A R Y 1 , 2 0 X X 2
This Photo byUnknown Author is licensed under CC BY
3. 3
1.Abstract-
This thesis investigates the effects of various conditions and parameters on the density, melt flow
index (MFI), and carbon black content of polyethylene (PE) raw materials.
-The results demonstrate that the density, MFI, and carbon black content of PE are significantly
influenced by various factors, including temperature, pressure, and the presence of additives.
-The study also explores the relationships between these properties and the processing and
performance characteristics of PE materials.
- The findings provide valuable insights into the optimization of PE production processes and the
development of new PE-based products with enhanced properties.
4. M O N D A Y , F E B R U A R Y 1 , 2 0 X X 4
2.Introduction:-
Polyethylene (PE) is a thermoplastic material that exhibits a range of properties, including high strength,
stiffness, chemical resistance, and flexibility.-These properties make PE suitable for a wide variety of
applications, including packaging, pipes, and construction materials. The properties of PE are influenced
by several factors, including density, melt flow index (MFI), and carbon black content.1.1 Density of
Polyethylene The density of PE is a measure of its mass per unit volume. It is typically expressed in grams
per cubic centimeter (g/cm³). The density of PE can range from 0.910 to 0.940 g/cm³. Higher-density PE
(HDPE) exhibits higher strength and stiffness compared to low-density polyethylene (LDPE). 1.2.MFI of PE
Melt flow index (MFI) is a measure of the flowability of a PE material. It is determined by measuring the
mass of PE that flows through a standardized capillary at a specific temperature and pressure. MFI is
typically expressed in grams per 10 minutes (g/10min).
5. 5
1.3.Carbon Black content of PE :Carbon black is a common filler used in PE to enhance its properties, particularly
its UV resistance and electrical conductivity. Carbon black is a black powder composed of fine carbon particles.
The amount of carbon black added to PE can influence the overall properties of the PE material.
Carbon black
content
6. 6
3.Literature Review
Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between density, MFI, and carbon black content in HDPE
materials.
3.1.Properties of HDPE
3.1.1 Mechanical properties:
Reference-Jennifer L Jordan, Daniel T Casem, Jermaine M Bradley, Ajmer K Dwivedi, Eric N Brown, Christopher W
JordanJournal of dynamic behavior of materials 2, 411-420, 2016-High stiffness: HDPE has a relatively high stiffness,
which means that it can withstand bending forces without deforming. This makes it a good choice for applications
where stiffness is important, such as pipes and structural components. -Low moisture absorption: HDPE has a low
moisture absorption rate, which means that it will not absorb water and swell. This makes it a good choice for
applications where moisture resistance is important, such as pipes and packaging for food and beverages. -High
chemical resistance: HDPE is resistant to a wide range of chemicals, including acids, alkalis, and solvents. This
makes it a good choice for applications where chemical resistance is important, such as pipes and tanks. -Good
fatigue resistance: HDPE has good fatigue resistance, which means that it can withstand repeated cyclic loading
without failing. This makes it a good choice for applications where fatigue resistance is important, such as pipes and
cables.
3.2 Application of HDPE pipes:
3.2.1TRANSPORTION INFRASTRUCTURE APPLICATION OF HDPE PIPE
HDPE PIPES is used in Transportion of wastewater, gas & chemicals .
Likes: Reference : https:/doi.org/10.1001(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004067POTABLE WATER DISTRIBUTIONGAS
DISTRIBUTIONROAD & BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION3.2.2APPLICATIONS OF HDPE IN
GEOMEMBRANE:REFERENCE :http://cloi.org/10.1061 Y.G Hsuan & R.M Koerner,Hunurary Journal of Geotechnical
& Geoenvironmental Engineering
7. Sample
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7
3.2.3EXPERIMENTAL & NUMERICAL ANAYLSES OF BURIED HDPE PIPE WITH USING EPS
GEOFOAM:REFERENCE : Furkam A Akyelen & havvanur kilic KSCE journal of civil engineering.
3.2.4HDPE used in geomembranes in a wide variety of application like-Land fills-Waste water treatment -plants-
Mining-Aquaculture-Agriculture
3.2.5USE OF LARGE-DIAMETER HDPE PIPE FOR WATER MAIN APPLICATIONS: REFERENCE:
https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784479360.049Large diameters HDPE pipe is become increasingly popular for water
main application because it has durability, flexibility, lightweight & long lifespam.Large HDPE pipe is becoming
popular for water applications due to its many advantages over traditional pipe materials like cast iron & steel.
Geofoam Geomembrane
applications
8. Sample
Footer
Text
8
4. Objective of the work
The objective of studying the density, melt flow index (MFI), and carbon black content of HDPE raw materials is to
determine their suitability for various applications. These properties play a crucial role in influencing the performance
and characteristics of HDPE products.
1.2 .Density test of HDPE raw materials at different conditions and parameters:
1.2.1 Effect of temperature on density of HDPE raw materials:
The density of HDPE raw materials decreases with increasing temperature. This is because the molecules in the
polymer chain become more agitated and vibrate with greater amplitude as the temperature rises. This increased
molecular motion causes the polymer chains to expand, resulting in a decrease in density. The following table shows
the density of HDPE raw materials at different temperatures
9. Sample
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Text
9
4.2MFI test of HDPE raw materials under different conditions and parameters:
The melt flow index (MFI) of HDPE raw materials can be tested under different conditions and with different
parameters to evaluate their flow behavior and suitability for various applications. Here's a breakdown of the different
methods and their implications:4.2.1High-Load MFI Test:Application: This method is used for HDPE materials with
very high MFI values, typically above 100 g/10 min.Conditions: The test is conducted at a temperature of 190°C or
230°C and a load of 10.0 kg.
Parameters:Follow the same procedure as the standard MFI test, using the appropriate weight of HDPE pellets and
load.
4.2.2Low-Load MFI Test:
Application: This method is used for HDPE materials with very low MFI values, typically below 0.1 g/10
min.Conditions: The test is conducted at a temperature of 190°C or 230°C and a load of 0.5 kg or 1.0 kg.
Parameters:Follow the same procedure as the standard MFI test, using the appropriate weight of HDPE pellets and
load.
4.2.3.Temperature Variation MFI Test:
Application: This method is used to assess the change in MFI with varying temperatures, providing insights into the
material's sensitivity to temperature changes.Conditions: The test is conducted at multiple temperatures within the
range of interest, typically from 150°C to 250°C, and a constant load.
Parameters:Perform the standard MFI test at each chosen temperature, recording the MFI values.Analyze the
relationship between MFI and temperature to understand the material's temperature sensitivity.
10. 10
4.3.CBC test of HDPE raw materials under various conditions and parameters:
4.3.1Effect of Processing Conditions on Carbon Black Content Test:
Processing conditions during extrusion can significantly impact the carbon black content test of HDPE pipes:
a)Mixing Efficiency: Effective mixing is crucial for achieving uniform dispersion of carbon black throughout the
polymer matrix. Inadequate mixing can lead to uneven distribution of carbon black, affecting the overall properties
of the pipe and the accuracy of the carbon black content test.
b)Screw Speed: The screw speed during extrusion can influence the dispersion of carbon black particles. Higher
screw speeds can generate more shear forces, which can promote better dispersion. However, if the screw speed
is too high, it can also damage the carbon black particles.
5.Materials :
5.1Specimen preparation of HDPE raw materials :
1. Sampling
2. Drying
3. Cutting
4. Machining
5. Conditioning
11. M O N D A Y , F E B R U A R Y 1 , 2 0 X X 11
5.2. Materials and Equipment required for test density of HDPE raw materials:
a)HDPE raw material specimens
b)Cleaning solutions: Isopropyl alcohol
c)Drying materials
d)Chemical reagents
Equipment:
a)Vernier calipers or a graduated cylinder or volumetric flask
b)Analytical balance
c)Density gradient column
d)Pycnometer
e)Vacuum pump
f)Thermometer
g)Safety glasses
h)Gloves
12. M O N D A Y , F E B R U A R Y 1 , 2 0 X X 12
5.3.Materials and Equipment required for test MFI of HDPE pipes:
Materials:
a)HDPE raw material specimens
b)Cleaning solutions
c)Drying materials
Equipment:
a)Melt flow indexer (MFI tester)
b)Orifice
c)Piston
d)Timer
e)Balance
f)Thermometer
g)Gloves
13. M O N D A Y , F E B R U A R Y 1 , 2 0 X X 13
5.4 CBC Test of HDPE raw materials:
Materials:
a.HDPE raw material with known carbon black content
b.Distilled water or other liquid with known density
Equipment:
a. TGA apparatus
b. Analytical balance
c. Desiccatord.Beaker or measuring cylindere.
d. Distilled water or other liquid with known density
e. Micrometer or Vernier caliper Procedure
