The document summarizes a study conducted by TNO for the Dutch Ministry of Interior on open data policies in six countries. It finds that while many agencies hesitate to adopt open data policies, strategies in frontier countries focus on public services and democracy. Countries implement policies through a mix of voluntary and mandatory approaches like guidelines, legislation, and economic incentives. The top drivers of open data include strategies in other countries and political leadership, while barriers include closed government culture and privacy concerns. Potential effects are economic, more efficient government, and increased democracy, but more empirical evidence is still needed.

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Open data momentum in the Netherlands

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Many agencies, however, seem to hesitate...
Ministry of interior asked TNO to study open data policies in six countries:
US, UK, Australia, Denmark, Spain and Estonia (not enough evidence).
Research questions:
! Strategy: what open data strategies are in place?
! Implementation: what instruments are in place to implement these
strategies?
! Drivers and barriers: what drives or hampers the implementation of
open data policies?
! Effects: what are the effects of open data policies?
! Advice: what can the Dutch government learn from these international
experiences?

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Open data strategies
! Public services and democracy are the most important goals

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Open data implementation
! Policy instruments focused on:
! External change, e.g. stimulating Re-use of PSI
! Internal change, e.g. preparing governments to open up
! Countries showed a broad mix of policy instruments:
! Education & training: guidelines, awards, knowledge exhange
! Voluntary approaches: policy programmes, publication schedules,
! Economic instruments: hackdays, App contests, financing open data
portals
! Legislation and control: PSI law, FoI law, standards, monitoring

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Open data drivers & barriers
# Top 10 drivers Top 10 barriers
1 Strategies and experiences in front runner Closed government culture
countries
2 Political leadership Privacy legislation
3 Regional initiatives Limited quality of data
4 Citizen initiatives Limited user-friendliness/info overload
5 Market initiatives. Lack of standardisation of open data
policy.
6 Emerging technologies. Security threats.
7 European legislation. Existing charging models.
8 Thought leaders Uncertain economic impact.
9 Possibility of monitoring government Digital divide.
10 Budgets cuts. Network overload.

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Open data effects
! Economic, Efficient/Effective government, Democratic, Social
! Little empirical evidence! Too early?
! Evidence needed on micro level (i.e. case study) to determine effects
Policy
Sharing Practice
Impact
Significant progress measurement
Progress
Some key shortcomings

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Questions?
! Thanks for your attention!
! More information: tijs.vandenbroek@tno.nl, +31 88 86 67 324
http://www.epractice.eu/en/journal/volume/12