This document provides conversions between U.S. customary and metric units of measurement for volume, weight, temperature, and length. It also outlines best practices for accurate measuring techniques using measuring cups, spoons, and scales. Key steps include leveling off ingredients, checking that scales are set to zero, and calibrating measuring devices according to the manufacturer's instructions.

3. CUPS U.S METRIC
2 tablespoons 1 fluid ounces 30 ml
¼ cup 2 fluid ounces 60 ml
3 fluid ounces 90 ml
½ cup 4 fluid ounces 125 ml
5 fluid ounces 150 ml
5 ½ fluid ounces 170 ml
¼ cup 6 fluid ounces 185 ml
7 fluid ounces 220 ml
1 cup 8 fluid ounces 250 ml
2 cups 16 fluid ounces (1 pint) 500 ml
2 ½ cups 20 fluid ounces 625 ml
4 cups 32 fluid ounces (1 quart) 1liter

5. ½ oz 15 g ¼ inch 5 mm
1 oz 30 g ½ inch 1 cm
2 oz 60 g ¾ inch 2 cm
3 oz 90 g 1 inch 2.5 cm
4 oz (¼ lbs) 125 g 2 inches 5 cm
5 oz 155 g 2 ½ inches 6 cm
6 oz 185 g 3 ¼ inches 8 cm
7 oz 220 g 4 inches 10 cm
8 oz (½ lbs) 250 g 5 inches 12 cm
9 oz 280 g 6 inches 15 cm
10 oz 315 g 7 inches 18 cm
11 oz 345 g 8 inches 20 cm
12 oz (¾ lbs) 375 g 9 inches 22 cm
13 oz 410 g 10 inches 25 cm
14 oz 440 g 11 inches 28 cm
15 oz 470 g 12 inches (1 foot) 30 cm
16 oz (1 lb) 500 g 18 inches 46 cm
24 oz (1 ½ lbs) 750 g 20 inches 50 cm
32 oz (2 lbs) 1 kg 24 inches (2 feet) 61 cm
30 inches 77 cm

7. ¼ cup 2 fluid ounces 60 ml ¼ teaspoon 1 ml
1/3 cup 2 ½ fluid
ounces
85 ml ½ teaspoon 2.5 ml
½ cup 4 fluid ounces 125 ml 1 teaspoon 5 ml
1 cup 8 fluid ounces 250 ml 1 tablespoon 15 ml

8. Fahrenheit (°F) Celsius (°C) Temperatures
250 120 Very slow
300 150 Slow
325 – 350 160 – 180 Moderately slow
375 – 400 190 – 200 Moderate
425 – 450 220 – 230 Moderately Hot
475 – 500 250 – 260 Hot

10. Accurate techniques in measuring are as
important as the tools for measuring.
Therefore, always observe the following
procedures:
 Rice and flour. Fill the cup to overflowing, level – off
with a spatula or with a straight edged knife.

11.  Sifted flour. Most cake recipes call for sifted flour. In this
case, sift flour 2 or 3 times. Spoon into cup overflowing,
level off with a spatula.
 Refined sugar. Sift sugar once to take out lamps, if any.
Spoon into cup and level off with a spatula. Do not pack
or tap the sugar down.

12.  Brown sugar. Pack into cup just enough to
hold its shape when turned out off cup.
Level off with a spatula before emptying.

13.  Level a measuring spoon with straight edge of a knife to measure small
amounts of salt, pepper, leavening agents or solid fats.
 Liquid ingredients. Liquid measuring cup – a glass or plastic cup with
graduated markings on the side. Place the cup on a flat, level surface. Hold
the cup firmly and pour the desired amount or liquid into the cup. Lean over
and view the liquid at eye level to make sure it is the proper amount.
 Check and calibrate timers/thermometers, scales and other measuring
devices according to measuring devices according to manufacturer’s manual
before using.
 Ingredients which measure by volume and by weight demand standardized
measuring tools and equipment.
 Do not shake the dry measuring cup to level off dry
ingredients.
 It is easier to weigh fat, butter, margarine, if bought in
pre – measured sticks. If fat does not come in ,
pre – measured sticks, use a scale to weigh the needed
amount.
 Liquids should be poured into cup in desired level.
Cup should stand on a flat surface.

14.  Spring scales should be adjusted so that pointer is at
zero (0). Place pan, bowl, or piece of waxed paper on
scale to hold ingredient to be measured.
 When using balance scales, place the pan on the left –
hand side and the pan weight on the right – hand side.
Add the required weights to the right – hand side and
adjust the beam on the bar so that the total is the
weight needed.

15.  Ranges, sometimes called stoves, provide heat for
cooking on top and in the oven. The controls for
range heat must be accurate and easy to operate.
Tools and utensils needed for cooking on the
range and work space should be within easy
reach.
 Learn to match the size of pan to the size of the
unit and to select the right amount of heat for
cooking job to be done.
 In microwave cooking, time schedules must be
followed exactly because every second is
important. The microwaves shut off
automatically when the door is opened.

16.  Refrigerators are operated electricity. The unit that does
the cooling is underneath the box behind the grill.
 Dishwashers are a great help if food is rinsed from dishes
before stacking them. Follow the plan for stacking as
suggested in the direction by manufacturer’s manual.
 Mixers are the most useful machines in commercial
kitchens and even at home. It is good for making salad
dressings, sandwich fillings, for sauces, mashing potatoes,
beat batter and eggs. Attachments are also available to
chop, whip, squeeze out juice, and make purees.
 Coffee makers mostly are automatic, requiring only the
measurement of coffee and water.
 In preparing foods on the range or in the fryer, heat is
transferred by conduction.

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