Tim Stonor The Future of Active Cities
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This set of slides is from the Active Cities Summit, organised by Sustrans and Nike, and was delivered by Tim Stonor. Tim Stonor is an architect and urban planner and is the Managing Director of Space Syntax and he tweets from @tim_stonor. The presentation explores the future of active cities and looks at 5 important lessons from history for smarter ways to design our cities.
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Tim Stonor The Future of Active Cities
- 1. Tim Stonor Architect & Urban Planner The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Space Syntax
- 2. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Lesson 1 Pompei Balanced mobility
- 3. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Lesson 1 Pompei Mixed mode traffic Lesson 2 Pompei Street shops
- 4. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Lesson 3 Pompei Street-based wealth
- 5. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Lesson 4 Pompei Integrated infrastructure
- 6. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Lesson 5 Pompei “Desire line” design
- 7. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Lesson 6 Pompei Limited pedestrianisation of central areas
- 8. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Lesson 7 Pompei Security - but only where needed
- 9. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Lesson 8 Pompei The grid
- 10. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 1. Mixed mode movement. 2. Street shops. 3. Street-based wealth. 4. Integrated infrastructure. 5. “Desire-line” design. 6. Limited pedestrianisation of central areas. 7. Security - but only where needed. 8. The grid. Connected street layouts. Street sense
- 11. Birmingham then
- 12. Birmingham now
- 13. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Albany 1950s
- 14. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Albany today
- 15. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Disconnected Layout Spatial Accessibility Score = 35 Connected layout Spatial Accessibility Score = 75 Disconnected Layout Connected Layout Difference IRR 15% 18% 3% NPV $1.1 billion $1.6 billion $0.5 billion Real estate value analysis
- 16. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015
- 18. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Spatial Accessibility High Low The creative use of scientific tools 创造性地运用科学工具 建构交通
- 19. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Spatial Accessibility High Low The creative use of scientific tools 创造性地运用科学工具 建构交通
- 20. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Spatial Accessibility High Low The creative use of scientific tools 创造性地运用科学工具 建构交通
- 21. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Spatial Accessibility High Low The creative use of scientific tools 创造性地运用科学工具 建构交通
- 22. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Spatial Accessibility High Low The creative use of scientific tools 创造性地运用科学工具 建构交通
- 23. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Spatial Strategy Elephant & Castle
- 24. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015
- 25. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Design proposal Forecast 设计方案预测 >600 300 – 600 150 – 300 100 – 150 60 – 100 0 – 60 People Per Hour 1504_PedMov_Forecast_PropMasterplan
- 26. Masterplanning Process Space Syntax © 2015 Spatial Strategy Elephant & Castle
- 27. Masterplanning Process Space Syntax © 2015 Spatial Strategy Elephant & Castle
- 28. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Designing for movement Elephant and Castle
- 29. Masterplanning Process Space Syntax © 2015 Public Realm Design Elephant & Castle Southern Junction
- 30. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Jeddah City Plan 吉达城市规划 Existing 现状 Former plan 之前的规划 New plan by Space Syntax Ssx的新规划
- 31. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Changchun 长春 Proposed growth 规划方案 Spatial Accessibility low high medium Approx. 40km 空间策略规划 规划的城市结构 城市尺度 Proposed spatial strategy Proposed city structure
- 32. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 0. Spatial Layout 1. Human behaviour 2. Land Use 3. Crime & Safety 4. Land Value 5. Carbon Emissions Integrated Urban Model
- 33. Actions 行动 Decision-taking 决策 Uncertainty 非确定性 Ideas for change 想 法交流 Consultation 咨询 Awareness 识别 People 人 1. Behaviour 行为 2. Wealth 财富 3. Health 健康 4. Safety 安全 5. Cultural identity 文化识别 Resources 资源 1。Materials 物质材料 2。Energy 能源 3。Finance 金融 4。Utilities supply 基础供给 5。Waste handling 废物利用 Urban Form 城市形态 1. Spatial Form 空间形态 2. Physical Form 物质形态 3. Capacity 能力 4. Location 地址 5. Condition 条件 6. Value 价值 v3 Environment 环境 1. Sun 太阳 2. Wind 风 3. Rainfall 雨 4. Groundform 地面形态 5. Biodiversity 生物多样性 Data Mapping 数据映射 Data Quantification 数据量化 Map 显示 Urban Data Collective 城市数据收集 Integrated platform for performance data 表象数据的整合平台 How is the place working? 场所如何运作？ Opportunities & Constraints 机遇和限制 Creation of Conceptual Options 概念方案的提出 React Urban Strategy 设想 城市战略 Integrated urban policy and practice 整合性城市政策和实践 What are the opportunities for change? 什么是改变的机遇？ Test Urban Forecast Model 预测 城市预测模型 Scenario testing & performance forecasting 情景测试和效能预测 How will performance be affected by change?改变如何影响效能？ Simulation & Optimisation of Options 模拟和优化方案 Development of Preferred Option 深化优选方案 Analyse Urban Performance Model 解释 城市效能模型 Integrated urban diagnostics: spatial analytics 城市空间诊断分析 Why does the place work the way it does? 为什么场所如此运行？ Urban Diagnosis 城市诊断 Issues, Objectives & Principles 问题、目标、原则 Urban Baseline Study 城市基础研究 Urban Impact Analysis 城市影响分析 User interface/state 使用者交互 Behaviour change 运行的变化 Decision groups Data 数 据 Data inputs 数据输入 1 2 3 4 5 6 Integrated Urban Model 整合性 城市 模型 Sense Health Wealth Happiness
- 34. @Tim_Stonor The future of active cities 8 important lessons from history Sustrans Active Cities Summit Space Syntax © 2015 Tim Stonor Architect & Urban Planner t.stonor@spacesyntax.com @Tim_Stonor www.spacesyntax.com
Editor's Notes
- In looking forwards it is important to learn the lessons of history. Look at Pompei. A city built for active and efficient mobility. A model of the 1st century with lessons for the 21st century.
- A Main Street with shops - no inward-looking shopping malls. Active frontages. About as much surface for pedestrians as for vehicles - the right balance for then. Perhaps also for now?
- A Main Street with shops - no inward-looking shopping malls. Active frontages. About as much surface for pedestrians as for vehicles - the right balance for then. Perhaps also for now?
- And shopkeepers of great wealth! It was not a compromise to open onto a Main Street. It was a sound commercial investment. Who would turn their back on the flow of the street?
- Pedestrian crossings! The deep kerbs channel water when it rains, flushing the dirt from the road and keeping it clean. Integrated infrastructure.
- Pedestrian crossings that are aligned with pedestrian desire lines - not following the convenience of traffic engineers’ vehicle turning arrangements. Pedestrians first because pedestrians carry the money, not the vehicles.
- A small, pedestrian only zone in the very heart of the city. No bigger than it needs to be.
- Unambiguously signed that this is where you have to get out of your chariot and onto your feet.
- The grid - no cul de sacs. Built for mobility. Built for commerce. Built for pedestrian mobility and interaction. More or less rectilinear - not labyrinthine. A layout that brains like. Easy to wayfind. Hard to get lost in.
- And to achieve this there are clear principles to follow: 1. Connected street layouts. 2. Mixed mode movement - not separated by tunnels and walkways. 3. Active streets ie lined with street shops not mall shops. 4. Pedestrian crossings on desire lines, not where it's most convenient for traffic turnings. 5. Limited pedestrianisation of the most important civic areas. Thank you
- But in recent times we lost our street-sense. Look at Birmingham then...
- And now. What happened to our street sense?
- And Birmingham was not alone. Look at US cities: What they were…only 60 years ago - recognisably like Pompei: simple, rectilinear grids.
- Then what they became… We became entrapped by traffic models. And a love-affair with the car. We need to regain our street-sense.
- The more we look into this the more we find of value: for example, how connected street grids create higher property values in the long run.
- Recently, at the Birmingham Health City charrette,a discussion about the location of healthcare facilities quickly became one focused less on hospitals and wards and more on streets and public spaces. On "free", preventative public health rather than expensive, clinical curative care. Free in that it comes as the byproduct of good urban development.
- The general approach of applying spatial design is firstly to understand the spatial structure of an existing urban environment and its influence on pedestrian movement, crime propensity, land and rental value, social interaction and urban buzz - in this case the Kings Cross regeneration area…
- …and then to apply our knowledge of spatial structure to provide suitable development options. For example this first grid like option…
- …produces a weak pedestrian movement structure.
- However, a more integrated route structure that links development into the right strategic connections surrounding the site…
- …is shown to produce a powerful and coherent movement structure.
- The centre is separated by a complex networks of skybridges, subways and un-constituted urban blocks that deters pedestrian movement. According to the supplementary planning guidance from the district borough, of the inhabitants living in the area only 20% of expenditure is being spent within the centre. One objective of redesign has been to increase local spend by up to 50%.
- So, in summary, what I have show you is an urban modelling system, created in the UK but now being used and developed worldwide by well over 5,000 different people. It brings together data sets from various sources and the key to its operational effectiveness is its Spatial Layout Analysis – the base layer in the data stack.