6. Source: LSE Cities 2014
Source: LSE Cities
Urban form and carbon emissions
Editor's Notes
…congestion here too, but one which wealthy citizens prefer.
Requires infrastructure, mind-sets and leadership. Chicken and egg?
CLOSE slide
Opportunity al
Air pollution costs high globally
social costs estimated ~4% of GDP in OECD, higher in BRIICS;
China more than 10% of annual GDP lost from pollution. Kirk Hamilton World Bank. Staggering!
so comes from tackling problems from incumbent energy systems…
…and transport systems. Congestion…
Nowhere is this better exemplified than in cities.
Lock in
Makes a tangible difference.
Climate not a primary driver.
These benefits and affordable technologies as well as growing business support is what drove Paris, but Paris will drive further national and local action, which sets an inevitable virtuous spiral which is difficult and certainly risky to resist.
political leadership (US China climate, Obama. Executive action was all he had left, so he could do it) but part of greater forces.