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This discussion is prompted by two articles. The first article entitled “Genetic variation in chromosome Y regulates susceptibility to influenza A virus infection” by Krementsov et al. introduces the genetic components of human susceptibility to Influenza A virus. The second paper by Lindor et al discusses questions surrounding the increasing genome sequencing information available to healthy individuals. Several issues arise from the availability of detailed health information including concerns about discrimination and stigmas, as well as the impact on the psychological well-being of those found to be at increased risk for infections, diseases, or conditions. Such sensitive health information also poses ethical, legal, and social challenges for the management of such information (who has access, who is allowed to view such information). The applications of personalized genome information require care and expertise in interpreting genetic data and implementing, for example, changes in lifestyle and behavior. The background reading includes first, an article titled “Ethical Consequences of Full Human Genome Testing” which discusses privacy concerns over the handling of such genomic information (which may include the quality of individual responses to disease treatment, their health susceptibilities, predictions of their future disease likelihood, their carrier status for certain genetic disease alleles, etc.). Second, an issue brief regarding workplace wellness health screening programs and the rights of workers regarding this information titled “Changing Rules for Workplace Wellness Programs: Implications for Sensitive Health Conditions”. DISCUSSION PROMPTS After receiving personalized genomic information, how might you use such knowledge with respect to your own health? Would a genetically tested family member providing children or other family members with information regarding genetic information (such as carrier status) be desirable? Might such testing be used as a prerequisite for employment, spousal selection, marriage, adoption, or IVF embryo implantation? READINGS Changing Rules for Workplace Wellness Programs - Implications for Sensitive Health Conditions 2017.pdf Ethical Consequences Of Full Human Genome Testing 2017.pdf Genetic variation in chromosome Y regulates susceptibility to influenza A virus infection 2017.pdf Whole-Genome Sequencing in Healthy People 2018.pdf ...

Education

After receiving personalized genomic information, how might
you use such knowledge with respect to your own health?
Would a genetically tested family member providing children or
other family members with information regarding genetic
information (such as carrier status) be desirable?
Might such testing be used as a prerequisite for employment,
spousal selection, marriage, adoption, or IVF embryo
implantation?
READINGS
Changing Rules for Workplace Wellness Programs -
Implications for Sensitive Health Conditions 2017.pdf
Ethical Consequences Of Full Human Genome Testing 2017.pdf
Genetic variation in chromosome Y regulates susceptibility to
influenza A virus infection 2017.pdf
Whole-Genome Sequencing in Healthy People 2018.pdf

Journal of Law and the Biosciences, 1–36 doi:10.1093/jlb/lsz007 Advance Access Publication 14 May 2019 Original Article The law of genetic privacy: applications, implications, and limitations Ellen Wright Clayton1, Barbara J. Evans2, James W. Hazel3 and Mark A. Rothstein4,∗ 1. Craig-Weaver Professor of Pediatrics, Center for Biomedical Ethics and Society, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA 2. Mary Ann and Lawrence E. Faust Professor of Law; Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Director, Center for Biotechnology & Law, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA 3. Postdoctoral Fellow, Center for Genetic Privacy and Identity in Community Settings, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA 4. Herbert F. Boehl Chair of Law and Medicine, Director, Institute for Bioethics, Health Policy & Law, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA ∗Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Recent advances in technology have significantly improved the accuracy of genetic testing and analysis, and substantially reduced its cost, resulting in a dramaticincreaseintheamountofgeneticinformationgenerated,analysed, shared, and stored by diverse individuals and entities. Given the diversity of actors and their interests, coupled with the wide variety of ways genetic data are held, it has been difficult to develop broadly applicable legal principles for genetic privacy. This article examines the current landscape of genetic privacy to identify the roles that the law does or should play, with a focus on federal statutes and regulations, including the Health Insurance Portabil- ity and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the Genetic Information Nondis- crimination Act (GINA). After considering the many contexts in which issues of genetic privacy arise, the article concludes that few, if any, applicable legal doctrines or enactments provide adequate protection or meaningful control to individuals over disclosures that may affect them. The article describes why it may be time to shift attention from attempting to control access to genetic information to considering the more challenging question of howthesedatacanbeusedandunderwhatconditions,explicitlyaddressing trade-offs between individual and social goods in numerous applications. K E Y W O R D S: DNA, genetics, genomics, GINA, HIPAA, privacy C© TheAuthor(s)2019.PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPressonbehalfofDukeUniversitySchoolofLaw,Harvard Law School, Oxford University Press, and Stanford Law School. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited D ow nloaded from https://academ ic.oup.com /jlb/article-abstract/6/1/1/5489401 by 81695661, O U P on 29 O ctober 2019 2 � The la ...

Running head SOCIAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY .docx

todd521

Running head: SOCIAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 1 SOCIAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 4 The Social and Ethical Implication of Biotechnology Melva Parker SCI-115 James Cox 11/17/2018 The newly developed molecular techniques of genetics identification, gene-splicing, and artificial procedures represent a jump in our ability to control life itself, a command by culture and faith to be the province of a divine agency (Butte & Belsky, 1987). Thus, it would be complete that gene-splicing could be a phenomenon, the genetic engineering that takes place in nature whenever a gene crosses over on chromosomes, a cistron mutates, or a microorganism. Though reproducing systems for each sort of life are utilized for a long time, they require exclusive controlled common procedures to understand their finishes. What makes biotechnology totally not quite the same as logical transformation of the edification, notwithstanding is that science not just dislodges our comprehension of the plants, it allows the United States to rebuild nature to reproduce life itself regardless of whether it’s man, creature, plant, or germ. Quality grafting methods have enabled analysis to embed qualities from absolutely random species to change life cycles and improve infection obstruction for a spread of oceanic animal categories. Some of the first encouraging strategies have ventured on the far side unobtrusive rearing and refined methods to utilize the hardware of life itself to fortify generations. Biotechnology assures to play the partner degree logically incredible job inside the extra restraining and control of our regular and our unnatural universes Farming techniques are created to support local fish species with a ton of productivity, accelerate their advancement cycles, and give protection from the spread of ailments and pathogens. It is, therefore, not stunning that because the biological sciences and biotechnology have enjoyed exceptional success throughout the past thirty years, public awareness and discomfort, notably with gene-splicing, have multiplied. The moral analysis of biotechnology cuts across two distinct ethical domains: the analysis of risks and advantages, and also the analysis of biotechnology in light-weight of broader cultural, religious, and moral principles. Social advantages can't be a basis for argument if the underlying ethical question issues the validity of corroding human advantages against the welfare of alternative species or natural ecosystems within the initial place (Leidos & Marris, 2001). To argue that gene-splicing is solely associate degree extension of natural organic process processes doesn't virtuously justify the application. There’s a very important distinction between "natural organic process processes" and "natural gene-splicing. Natural organic process processes don't build a selection, they are doing not deliberate with the intention of achieving.

Increased Awareness Concerning Patient.docx

4934bk

This document discusses the need for increased patient safety in the U.S. healthcare system. It notes that medical errors have increased significantly in recent decades. While suggestions have been made to improve policies, procedures, and oversight, leadership within individual organizations will be key to implementing new patient safety protocols. Research is also needed to better understand errors and develop solutions. A focus on leadership, data, education, and continuous improvement can help healthcare organizations strengthen patient safety standards over time.

Health behaviour models criticisims

Aymery Constant

The document discusses several models of health behavior: 1) The Basic Risk Perception Model focuses on likelihood and severity of harm from not acting. Higher risk perception predicts greater motivation to act. 2) The Health Belief Model includes perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers in predicting preventive health behaviors. Perceived barriers are the strongest predictor. 3) Protection Motivation Theory assesses threat and coping appraisal processes. Response costs have the strongest impact on health behaviors and attitudes. 4) The Transtheoretical Model proposes stages of change and processes of change to explain behavior progression. Decisional balance and self-efficacy also predict stage of change.

HUMAN GENOME PROJECT_Dr.Sonia.pdf

soniaangeline

The document summarizes information about the Human Genome Project (HGP). It discusses that the HGP aimed to map all human genes to further understand human development. The first draft of the human genome was published in 2001 and revealed there were around 20,500 genes, fewer than previous estimates. The full genome sequence was completed in 2003. The document also discusses the establishment of the Ethical, Legal and Social Implications program to examine how genetic information would be used and ensure protection of individuals. Key areas examined include privacy of genetic data, integration of genetic technologies in healthcare, issues in genetic research, and education needs regarding genetics.

Adler migge genetics research march 13-template

MorganScience

This document discusses genetic modification of foods and the implications. It begins with an overview of genetics principles like heredity, traits, and Punnett squares. It then discusses the Human Genome Project which sought to map all human genes. The project had implications for genetic screening, privacy, and potential discrimination. The document also discusses types of genetic disorders like single gene, chromosomal abnormalities, and multifactorial disorders. It provides examples like cystic fibrosis. Finally, it presents arguments for and against genetically modifying foods, noting concerns about allergic reactions, health risks, and dangers of unknown changes to molecular structures in foods.

Lecture fjms ballarat 2012

Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre @ The University of Melbourne

Health and Biomedical informatics aims to use information processing for preventative medicine. The presentation outlines current challenges in medicine including the need for earlier diagnosis, personalized therapies, and improved disease classification. It presents a vision called "Health by Equation" which uses an informatics system to calculate an individual's health profile based on genetic and environmental factors to guide prevention and treatment recommendations. Opportunities from health informatics and technology include measuring an individual's genome, phenome, and exposome over lifetime through various sensors. This enables concepts like personalized medicine, participatory health through social media, and crowdsourced clinical trials.

The document discusses several research articles that address ethical issues in various types of medical research involving human subjects. Some of the key ethical principles discussed across multiple articles include respecting participant autonomy, minimizing harm, and beneficence. The articles examine ethical considerations for research topics such as genetics, children as subjects, and the use of deception. Maintaining high scientific standards while protecting participants is emphasized.

Hardt Literature Review

Gabriel Hardt

This document reviews literature on the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). It finds that ACEs are linked to negative health outcomes later in life through their effects on stress response systems and brain development. ACEs are common, affecting up to 67% of the population, and disproportionately impact low-income communities. The impacts of ACEs are cyclical as they increase risks for future generations. While ACEs have lasting biological and behavioral effects, perception of stress may influence outcomes. More research is needed to understand impacts, develop treatments, and engage communities to address this major public health issue.

Elsi of gene therapy, stem cell research copy

jayaganesh13

The document discusses the ethical issues surrounding gene therapy, stem cell research, and the Human Genome Project. It describes how these areas of research offer promise for new medical treatments but also raise concerns about germline editing, enhancement, identity, and equitable access. Specific issues addressed include the difference between somatic and germline gene therapy; debates over therapy versus enhancement; impacts on personal identity; and concerns about eugenics, resource allocation, and social context.

Can health equity survive epidemiology? Standards of proof and social determi...

Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH

Objective. This article examines how epidemiological evidence is and should be used in the context of increasing concern for health equity and for social determinants of health. Method. A research literature on use of scientific evidence of “environmental risks” is outlined, and key issues compared with those that arise with respect to social determinants of health. Results. The issue sets are very similar. Both involve the choice of a standard of proof, and the corollary need to make value judgments about how to address uncertainty in the context of “the inevitability of being wrong,” at least some of the time, and to consider evidence from multiple kinds of research design. The nature of such value judgments and the need for methodological pluralism are incompletely understood. Conclusion. Responsible policy analysis and interpretation of scientific evidence require explicit consideration of the ethical issues involved in choosing a standard of proof. Because of the stakes involved, such choices often become contested political terrain. Comparative research on how those choices are made will be valuable.

Genomics in Society: Genomics, Cellular Networks, Preventive Medicine, and So...

Larry Smarr

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Intentions And Uptake In College Women

Kimberly Williams

This study examined factors that influence college women's intentions to receive the HPV vaccine and actual uptake of the vaccine. The researchers surveyed 447 undergraduate women who either did not intend to get the vaccine, intended to get it, or had already received it. They found that negative perceptions of the vaccine's health consequences, a doctor's recommendation, positive attitudes toward the vaccine, and social norms were associated with intentions to get vaccinated. A doctor's recommendation, social norms, and perceptions of HPV susceptibility uniquely predicted who had already been vaccinated, beyond other factors. This suggests social influences may be especially important in motivating young women to get the HPV vaccine after forming an intention.

Possible Solution for Managing the Worlds Personal Genetic Data - DNA Guide, ...

DNA Compass

World DNA Day and Genome Day, Dalian China 2011 "Possible Solution for Managing the Worlds Genetic Data" given by Alice Rathjen, Founder & President DNA Guide, Inc. Proposes genetic tests be given a rating for quality of science, medical utility and viewing risk so as to facilitate the flow of genetic information in a responsible manner from the lab to the physician and patient. Explains how technology combined with public policy could enable both privacy and personalized medicine to thrive. Advocates individual ownership over personal genetic data and suggests the genome as a data format could provide the foundation for digital human rights. tags: DNA, genetic testing, privacy, personalized medicine, FDA regulation

Ethics and Childhood Vaccination Policy in theUnited States

BetseyCalderon89

Ethics and Childhood Vaccination Policy in the United States Childhood immunization involves a balance between par- ents’ autonomy in deciding whether to immunize their children and the benefits to public healthfrommandatingvaccines. Ethical concerns about pediatric vaccination span several public health domains, including those of policymakers, clinicians, and other professionals. In light of ongoing developments and debates, we discuss several key ethical issues concerning childhood immunization in the United States and describe how they affect policy development and clinical practice. We focus on ethical considerations pertaining to herd immunity as a community good, vaccine communication, dis- missal of vaccine-refusing fam- ilies from practice, and vaccine mandates. Clinicians and policymakers need to consider the nature and timing of vaccine-related discussions and invoke delib- erative approaches to policy- making. (Am J Public Health. 2016;106:273–278. doi:10.2105/ AJPH.2015.302952) Kristin S. Hendrix, PhD, Lynne A. Sturm, PhD, Gregory D. Zimet, PhD, and Eric M. Meslin, PhD, FCAHS Following the December2014 measles outbreak at a popular amusement park in California,1,2 which spread to other states, Canada, and Mex- ico, there has been increased attention to US childhood immunization practices. A recent study attributed the outbreak to underimmunization,3 and several policymakers have called for an end to religious and phil- osophical (i.e., personal-belief) exemptions altogether, with the state of California passing legis- lation removing the option of personal-belief exemptions.4,5 Political candidates have expressed various viewpoints on vaccination.6 In light of these developments, we discuss several key ethical issues concerning childhood immunization in the United States and describe how they affect policy development and clinical practice. There are a myriad of ethical issues regarding such topics as vaccination development, administration, communication, and safety monitoring. We focus on a few key ethical issues concerning childhood immunization in the United States—what we refer to as a “vaccine ethics” approach— and describe how such an approach affects policy development and clinical immunization practice. VACCINE ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS In a time of growing hesita- tion, uncertainty, and opposition concerning childhood vaccines, the developed world is witness- ing a resurgence of vaccine- preventable illnesses.7–9 Although the spread of antivaccine and vaccine-fear sentiments has become common through social networks, both online and in person,10,11 a growing body of research argues that such sentiments are multidimensional and nuanced.12,13 Although sensible public policy is often consistent with public sentiment, there are in- stances in which empirical data can give conflicting input about the ethical acceptability of policy. In vaccine policy, this is espe ...

Ivms bms general principles usmle web map behavioral sciences

Imhotep Virtual Medical School

The document outlines Component VII of the Behavioral Sciences section which covers organic correlates of behavior, the human life cycle, human behavior in illness, patient interviewing, and medical law and ethics. It includes subsections on behavioral correlates and classification of mental illness, progression through the life cycle, human sexuality and development, influence of developmental stage on physician-patient interactions, human behavioral responses to stress and illness, approaches to patient interviewing and education, and topics in medical law and ethics including patients' rights, ethics at the beginning and end of life, human experimentation, and interactions with other health professionals. Links to external web resources are provided for each subsection to provide further information on these topics.

Adler migge genetics-researchpptx

MorganScience

This document discusses genetics and genetic modification of foods. It provides examples of genetically modified foods like Golden Rice and cows that produce more milk. It covers basic genetic principles like dominant and recessive alleles. It also discusses genetic technologies like the human genome project, cloning, genetic counseling, and debates around genetically modified organisms and foods.

Anil bl gather..dna structure

ANIL BL GATHER

DNA is a molecule that carries genetic instructions for growth, development, functioning and reproduction of living organisms. Most DNA molecules form a double helix structure with two strands coiled around each other. Watson and Crick derived the three-dimensional, double-helical model for DNA structure based on Chargaff's rules and X-ray crystallography work. Nutrigenomics is the study of how foods and their components interact with human genes. It aims to develop personalized nutrition recommendations based on genotype, but requires more research to be applied in practice due to concerns over privacy and inaccurate interpretation of genetic tests.

HLT 362V Grand Canyon University Wk5 Epidemiology Discussion.pdf

bkbk37

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in populations. It involves collecting and analyzing data to describe disease patterns and determine causes of diseases. An example is given of an epidemiological investigation of a meningitis outbreak where data was collected through surveys. This led to interventions like immunizations and hygiene education to prevent further spread. Reporting of patient safety events and use of electronic systems allows aggregation and analysis of data to identify risks and improve safety. During the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth has enabled remote triaging and care while reducing transmission risks by allowing patients to stay home.

1Concept Analysis of RiskRunning head Concept of An.docx

drennanmicah

1 Concept Analysis of Risk Running head: Concept of Analysis of Risk Concept Analysis of Risk Risk in the Adolescent Population: Significance of the Concept There is a preponderance of articles in the PubMed database using the term “risk” just in the title of the articles. The concept of risk was selected to help clarify this broad and widely utilized term. It is necessary to have an acceptable definition of the term risk and to identify the specific application of this term to its intended population. In planning education and interventions for the adolescent population it is important to expand the nurses understanding of risk and the associated decision making process. The term risk frequently is not defined and is used inconsistently and imprecisely in the medical and nursing literature. Origin of Concept The origins of risk date back to the 17th century with the French work risqué (Jacobs, 2000; Kettles, 2004; Shattell, 2004). The original meaning of risk was to “gamble” and taking a gamble meant predicting the probability of an event occurring. This was utilized in the business world to include “commercial loss of insured property and goods” (Shattell, 2004, p. 12). The business world also put an estimate on the gain and loss of an event occurring, connecting the definition to gamble. In the 19th century the word risk began to exchange its affiliation with gambling for gain (Jacobs, 2000). “Taking a gamble meant the probability of an event occurring combined with magnitude of the loss or gain that could result” (Kettles, 2004, p. 485). The healthcare field, especially in the area of epidemilogy, began to use the term to identify risk factors of disease. Consequently, the healthcare professionals began to study ways to prevent disease through the eradication of the risk factors. Framework The strategy of Walker and Avant (1995) was used in this concept analysis. This is a straightforward approach and has 8 steps in the process. These steps include: selection of concept, determination of the aims, identification of the uses, determination of attributes, the construction of a model case, and identification of related terms, description of the antecedents and consequences and empirical referents. Definitions There are several definitions of risk. “Risk: 1. The possibility of suffering harm or loss; danger. 2. A factor, thing, element, or course involving uncertain danger; a hazard: “the usual risks of the desert: rattlesnakes, the heat, and lack of water. 3. The danger or probability of loss to an insurer. The amount that an insurance company stands to lose. 4. The variability of returns from an investment. The chance of nonpayment of a debt. 5. One considered with respect to the possibility of loss: a poor risk” (Webster's New Universal Unabridged Dictionary 2nd Edition, 1972, p.1565). Risk also includes some copyrighted materials, such as the card game, RISK and strategic board game, RISK(. Attributes inclu.

Ethics in progenomi era

Dr. sreeremya S

Current practices of using “race” in pharmacogenomics research demands consideration of the ethical and social implications for understandings of group difference and for efforts to eliminate health disparities. This discussion focuses on an “infrastructure of racialization” created by current trajectories of research on genetic differences among racially identified groups, the use of race as a proxy for risk in clinical practice, and increasing interest in new market niches by the pharmaceutical industry

HLT 362V Grand Canyon University Wk5 Epidemiology Discussion Responses.docx

bkbk37

This document discusses epidemiology and provides examples of how epidemiological data is collected and used. It defines epidemiology as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in populations. Epidemiologists collect data through surveys, investigations, and statistical sources to analyze disease causes and spread. Findings are then used to design public health interventions like education campaigns, immunization programs, and infrastructure improvements to prevent future outbreaks.

Multiple Chemical Sensitivities Report

v2zq

Multiple Chemical Sensitivities Report - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~

Prudent Rx Role of Genetics in Health

PrudentRx Program

Bioethics 190227095133

Jaeriel Bersamina

This document discusses several topics in bioethics including: 1. The definition and history of bioethics as a field emerging from advances in medicine and technology. 2. The four principles of bioethics: confidentiality, beneficence, justice, and autonomy. 3. Issues raised by genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis including social stigma, employment discrimination, insurance implications, and decisions around abortion. 4. Concerns regarding gene therapy and manipulating human genes including safety, ecological impacts, and playing God.

Bioethics

Yuvaraj neelakandan

This document discusses several topics in bioethics including: 1. The definition and history of bioethics as a field emerging from advances in medicine and technology. 2. The four principles of bioethics: confidentiality, beneficence, justice, and autonomy. 3. Issues raised by genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis including social stigma, employment discrimination, insurance coverage, and decisions around abortion. 4. Concerns regarding gene therapy and playing God by tampering with human genes.

HCS 545 Ethical Health Care Issues with Biomedical Research Week 2

Julie Bentley

This document discusses ethical issues in biomedical research. It provides an overview of the Belmont Report which outlines ethical principles for research involving human subjects. The three main principles discussed are respect for persons (autonomy), beneficence (do no harm), and justice. Autonomy requires informed consent from research participants. Beneficence means minimizing risks and maximizing benefits. Justice means treating all people in a fair and equal manner. The document also discusses cases where these principles were violated, such as research conducted on indigenous communities without proper consent.

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