Indian School of Public Policy is the first design thinking-focused school of public policy in India to develop policy professionals for India’s enduring policy and governance challenges.
The MIT School of Government offers Carrier opportunities in politics Punegraduate and graduate programs of study leading to the Bachelor Political Science and the Master of Political degree Pune. MIT-SOG participants up to a period of six months are provided with Political Leaders & Political Party Offices. MBA in Politics Pune - MIT-SOG - MIT SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT
The Certificate Program in Community Development and Civic Empowerment (CDCE) is a three-month intensive training program designed to provide community development workers, NGO managers, and grassroots leaders from Myanmar with conceptual foundations and practical skills. The program begins with two weeks of lectures in Myanmar's capital of Naypyitaw to promote understanding of the country's political transition. Participants then travel to Chiang Mai University in Thailand for in-class lectures, field trips, and a team project. The training aims to equip participants with tools for participatory policymaking, advocacy, and strengthening relationships between civil society and government.
WHY STUDY PUBLIC POLICY? WHAT MAKES IT IMPORTANT NOW MORE THAN EVER?Indian School
Indian School of Public Policy throwing light on the importance of public policy, why it must be studied, and its scope.
Read more - https://www.ispp.org.in/blog-post/why-study-public-policy-what-makes-it-important-now-more-than-ever/
This document provides information about a public policy course organized by the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA) in collaboration with Africa University. The 3-week course aims to provide leaders in civil society, public, and private sectors with fundamental public policy analysis skills. It will cover topics such as policy formulation and implementation, governance, leadership, and influencing policy change. The course will take place in June 2014 in Johannesburg, South Africa and certificates will be awarded to participants who successfully complete the requirements.
This document summarizes a study on Indian investments and investor behavior regarding different investment avenues in India. The objectives of the study were to understand available investment options, how investors get information, what types of investments they prefer, preferred duration of investments, savings objectives, and the relationship between demographic factors like age and risk tolerance. Both primary data collected through surveys and secondary data from publications and websites were used. Key findings included that most investors are male, educated, discuss investments with family/friends, investment amount depends on income, and decisions are self-driven. The study confirms a relationship between age and risk tolerance.
+ A rigorous implementation of financial management in social projects are very important for the project’s financial accountability & life-long sustainability
+ For one social project to execute a rigorous accountable system, budgeting and accounting process needs to be done with high discipline
+ A robust finance organization structure needs to be in place for control and monitoring purposes
+ Monitoring process is one crucial thing to implement an accountable system
+ By designing and implementing the financial system described in this document, it is expected that the organization will become a responsible and professional organization so that it can focus mainly to deliver its goals efficiently
The Indian Economic Service (IES) is an organized Group 'A' Central Service constituted in 1961 to undertake economic analysis and advise the government on development policies. The UPSC conducts a combined competitive exam for recruitment to the IES. Candidates must have a post-graduate degree in economics or related fields and be between 21-30 years old. The exam has two parts - a written exam of 1000 marks testing knowledge of English, general studies, and economics; and an optional 200 mark viva-voce for selected candidates. The written exam papers cover topics in microeconomics, macroeconomics, public finance, industrial organization, and the Indian economy.
The MIT School of Government offers Carrier opportunities in politics Punegraduate and graduate programs of study leading to the Bachelor Political Science and the Master of Political degree Pune. MIT-SOG participants up to a period of six months are provided with Political Leaders & Political Party Offices. MBA in Politics Pune - MIT-SOG - MIT SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT
The Certificate Program in Community Development and Civic Empowerment (CDCE) is a three-month intensive training program designed to provide community development workers, NGO managers, and grassroots leaders from Myanmar with conceptual foundations and practical skills. The program begins with two weeks of lectures in Myanmar's capital of Naypyitaw to promote understanding of the country's political transition. Participants then travel to Chiang Mai University in Thailand for in-class lectures, field trips, and a team project. The training aims to equip participants with tools for participatory policymaking, advocacy, and strengthening relationships between civil society and government.
WHY STUDY PUBLIC POLICY? WHAT MAKES IT IMPORTANT NOW MORE THAN EVER?Indian School
Indian School of Public Policy throwing light on the importance of public policy, why it must be studied, and its scope.
Read more - https://www.ispp.org.in/blog-post/why-study-public-policy-what-makes-it-important-now-more-than-ever/
This document provides information about a public policy course organized by the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA) in collaboration with Africa University. The 3-week course aims to provide leaders in civil society, public, and private sectors with fundamental public policy analysis skills. It will cover topics such as policy formulation and implementation, governance, leadership, and influencing policy change. The course will take place in June 2014 in Johannesburg, South Africa and certificates will be awarded to participants who successfully complete the requirements.
This document summarizes a study on Indian investments and investor behavior regarding different investment avenues in India. The objectives of the study were to understand available investment options, how investors get information, what types of investments they prefer, preferred duration of investments, savings objectives, and the relationship between demographic factors like age and risk tolerance. Both primary data collected through surveys and secondary data from publications and websites were used. Key findings included that most investors are male, educated, discuss investments with family/friends, investment amount depends on income, and decisions are self-driven. The study confirms a relationship between age and risk tolerance.
+ A rigorous implementation of financial management in social projects are very important for the project’s financial accountability & life-long sustainability
+ For one social project to execute a rigorous accountable system, budgeting and accounting process needs to be done with high discipline
+ A robust finance organization structure needs to be in place for control and monitoring purposes
+ Monitoring process is one crucial thing to implement an accountable system
+ By designing and implementing the financial system described in this document, it is expected that the organization will become a responsible and professional organization so that it can focus mainly to deliver its goals efficiently
The Indian Economic Service (IES) is an organized Group 'A' Central Service constituted in 1961 to undertake economic analysis and advise the government on development policies. The UPSC conducts a combined competitive exam for recruitment to the IES. Candidates must have a post-graduate degree in economics or related fields and be between 21-30 years old. The exam has two parts - a written exam of 1000 marks testing knowledge of English, general studies, and economics; and an optional 200 mark viva-voce for selected candidates. The written exam papers cover topics in microeconomics, macroeconomics, public finance, industrial organization, and the Indian economy.
POST GRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PUBLIC POLICY, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENTIndian School
ISPP Delhi was formed with the purpose to produce policy professionals with the primary and necessary skillset through masters in public policy program in India
India sudar career_guidance_english_ver_1.1IBM India
Material Name: Career Guidance Material for India
About the Material: This material will be used to create career awareness for Indian Education system students between 8th to 12th standards.
Published Version: 1.1
Copyrights: Published under India Sudar Open Charity Platform License (OCPL)
The Impact of Education Policy on India’s Economic Growth.pdfIndian School
There is a growing movement to enhance the basic education of the population, fueled by the belief that everyone has the right to education. Countries worldwide are increasingly prioritising the development of education systems that can equip individuals with the skills needed in emerging industries, particularly in science and technology.
This document discusses hybrid delivery models for social organizations that maximize both social impact and financial return. It explores three types of hybrid models with varying degrees of integration between social and profit goals. Case studies of Visionspring, Mobile School, and Learnvest are presented, analyzing their hybrid models. Visionspring uses a low integration model with cross-subsidization between products. Mobile School operates separate social and profit organizations with a medium integration. Learnvest fully integrates social and profit goals through its financial services business model. The document omits some sections and invites the reader to contact Forum for Indonesia to learn more about hybrid delivery strategies.
This document discusses the introduction of a project component in the Advanced Certificate in Pre-School Education (ACPE) program. The project is intended to help students develop competencies in identifying issues related to early childhood through applied, practical learning. It outlines various areas and topics that could be explored in a project, such as case studies of children or institutions. It also provides guidance on planning a project, including developing aims and objectives, choosing a research method, sampling, data collection techniques like questionnaires and interviews, and writing the final report. Students are encouraged to complete a project related to the ACPE courses, teaching situations, or creative works like storybooks.
1. The document discusses the need for education reform in Malaysia to better prepare students for the modern world. It argues that current schools are outdated and not teaching students important skills like critical thinking, communication, and adaptability.
2. A proposed new secondary school is described that would focus on developing both "book smart" and "street smart" skills. It would emphasize practical, affordable, and relevant education covering areas like pitching, futurism, financial intelligence, family values, and developing a philanthropic mindset.
3. The school aims to provide a well-rounded education at an affordable cost to address gaps in Malaysia's current education system and better prepare students for future success and contribution to society.
Explained: India’s National Education Policy, 2020
New Education Policy 2020: A look at the proposals on curriculum, courses and medium of instruction, and the takeaways for students, schools and universities.
This document summarizes the award for excellence in the Summer Internship Program (SIP) given by the IBS Alumni Federation. It provides details on the award, including that it recognizes the best SIPs across IBS campuses, carries a cash prize of Rs. 10,000 and a trophy, and that this year there are 31 awardees selected from over 3,000 competing students. It also lists the names and organizations of the award recipients.
This document provides an introduction to an evaluation project of the "Look After The Pennies" online course aimed at older learners. The course was developed with funding from Comic Relief to improve older adults' computer/internet skills and financial habits. The evaluation will analyze whether the course achieved these goals by surveying 100-150 participants, with interviews of 5 case studies. Data will be collected at learner centers over 4 stages from May-August 2013 to assess impact on skills, finances, and quality of life. Centers participating in the evaluation will aid recruitment and complete a baseline workshop and follow-up survey. The evaluation aims to provide an engaging report of the study's findings to funders.
This document provides information about an evaluation project for the "Look After The Pennies" online course aimed at older learners. The evaluation will analyze whether the course improved learners' computer/internet knowledge and financial habits. It will involve collecting both qualitative and quantitative data from 100-150 learners and centers through baseline interviews/surveys, follow-up surveys, and 5 learner case studies to understand the course's social impact on learners' quality of life. The research will be conducted between May-August 2013 at various centers participating in the course.
The document discusses India's National Education Policy of 2020. It aims to reform the education system to align with 21st century needs and goals. Key points include:
- India follows a regular attendance system in schools and has exams in classes 2, 5, 8, and board exams in classes 10 and 12.
- Higher education will allow multiple entry and exit points with certificates, diplomas, and degrees of different durations.
- The policy promotes introducing coding in class 6, experiential learning, and improving health and counseling resources for students.
- It aims to increase focus on teachers' qualifications, standards, and continuous professional development.
- The medium of instruction will be regional languages until class 8 to promote
Four-month, part-time programme in Policy, Data & Behaviour ChangeIndian School
Lokneeti (4-month public policy course in India) is providing new career options to the students with a wide range of opportunities and evaluating public policy program.
The document provides an overview of the National Education Policy 2020 in India. It discusses the history and types of education systems in India. The policy aims to reform education structure through a new 5+3+3+4 model replacing 10+2. It focuses on reducing curriculum pressure, introducing coding in class 6, expanding mid-day meals. For higher education, it proposes 4-year multidisciplinary degrees with multiple exits and discontinuing MPhil. It also outlines reforms for teacher education, internationalization of education, and establishing new regulatory and academic bodies. The policy envisions contributing to transforming India into an equitable and knowledgeable society through high-quality education for all.
This document is a project report submitted by V. Sandeep Kumar to Indus Business Academy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Post-Graduate Diploma in Management. The report examines customer awareness of mutual funds in India through a study conducted at ICICI Securities. It includes certificates from the director and internal guide of the project, an acknowledgment, table of contents, and introduction on the history and concept of mutual funds in India.
V25 jul2012- Investment Patterns of ITES EmployeesSunia Mukherjee
This document summarizes a study conducted on the investment patterns of ITES employees in Bangalore. It includes sections on the objectives of the study, research methodology, data analysis and findings. A survey was conducted of 202 ITES employees to understand how much of their salary they invest, their preferred investment avenues, and factors influencing their choices. The data found that most employees invest between 5-15% of salary, with insurance and fixed deposits being most popular. However, only 10% preferred mutual funds despite having a medium-risk profile. The conclusions recommend that employees should save and invest more to plan for the future, and consider mutual funds to gain from equity returns.
Project Why is a nonprofit organization in Delhi that operates 5 community centers serving over 1050 children and 150 women. The centers provide after-school academic support, vocational training, early education programs, and more. Project Why aims to empower underprivileged communities by building the centers with local help and tailoring programs to community needs. It also works to develop local leadership and improve infrastructure, education quality, and staff capabilities over time with donor support.
The purpose of the Eli Lilly and Company Scholarship for BDPA Students is to recognize outstanding minority students, with an interest in information technology, who make significant contributions to society. Applicants must excel academically, show exceptional leadership potential, and make an impact on their communities through service to others.
Lilly/BDPA Scholars will be awarded a one-time $2,500 scholarship that may be used to pursue an information technology focused degree at an accredited four-year college or university of their choice. The Lilly/BDPA scholarship may be used to supplement benefits from the college or university a student plans to attend and fellowships from other foundations or organizations. Students may use the scholarship to cover the cost of tuition, fees, books, room and board, and other college-related expenses.
Scholarship winners will be selected based on the completed application, official transcript, essay, letters of recommendation, and involvement in the BDPA organization.
Career guideinterestinventory schools_v080114Maanveer Singh
The document discusses Career Guide Online, an interest inventory that helps users identify careers that best fit their interests. It does this through a user-friendly online process where users select activities they are interested in from 14 lists. This generates a report that ranks their interests across 16 career clusters and provides career guidance. The inventory is suggested as a solution to help students evaluate potential courses of study and careers by providing an objective analysis of their interests to guide their choices.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
POST GRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PUBLIC POLICY, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENTIndian School
ISPP Delhi was formed with the purpose to produce policy professionals with the primary and necessary skillset through masters in public policy program in India
India sudar career_guidance_english_ver_1.1IBM India
Material Name: Career Guidance Material for India
About the Material: This material will be used to create career awareness for Indian Education system students between 8th to 12th standards.
Published Version: 1.1
Copyrights: Published under India Sudar Open Charity Platform License (OCPL)
The Impact of Education Policy on India’s Economic Growth.pdfIndian School
There is a growing movement to enhance the basic education of the population, fueled by the belief that everyone has the right to education. Countries worldwide are increasingly prioritising the development of education systems that can equip individuals with the skills needed in emerging industries, particularly in science and technology.
This document discusses hybrid delivery models for social organizations that maximize both social impact and financial return. It explores three types of hybrid models with varying degrees of integration between social and profit goals. Case studies of Visionspring, Mobile School, and Learnvest are presented, analyzing their hybrid models. Visionspring uses a low integration model with cross-subsidization between products. Mobile School operates separate social and profit organizations with a medium integration. Learnvest fully integrates social and profit goals through its financial services business model. The document omits some sections and invites the reader to contact Forum for Indonesia to learn more about hybrid delivery strategies.
This document discusses the introduction of a project component in the Advanced Certificate in Pre-School Education (ACPE) program. The project is intended to help students develop competencies in identifying issues related to early childhood through applied, practical learning. It outlines various areas and topics that could be explored in a project, such as case studies of children or institutions. It also provides guidance on planning a project, including developing aims and objectives, choosing a research method, sampling, data collection techniques like questionnaires and interviews, and writing the final report. Students are encouraged to complete a project related to the ACPE courses, teaching situations, or creative works like storybooks.
1. The document discusses the need for education reform in Malaysia to better prepare students for the modern world. It argues that current schools are outdated and not teaching students important skills like critical thinking, communication, and adaptability.
2. A proposed new secondary school is described that would focus on developing both "book smart" and "street smart" skills. It would emphasize practical, affordable, and relevant education covering areas like pitching, futurism, financial intelligence, family values, and developing a philanthropic mindset.
3. The school aims to provide a well-rounded education at an affordable cost to address gaps in Malaysia's current education system and better prepare students for future success and contribution to society.
Explained: India’s National Education Policy, 2020
New Education Policy 2020: A look at the proposals on curriculum, courses and medium of instruction, and the takeaways for students, schools and universities.
This document summarizes the award for excellence in the Summer Internship Program (SIP) given by the IBS Alumni Federation. It provides details on the award, including that it recognizes the best SIPs across IBS campuses, carries a cash prize of Rs. 10,000 and a trophy, and that this year there are 31 awardees selected from over 3,000 competing students. It also lists the names and organizations of the award recipients.
This document provides an introduction to an evaluation project of the "Look After The Pennies" online course aimed at older learners. The course was developed with funding from Comic Relief to improve older adults' computer/internet skills and financial habits. The evaluation will analyze whether the course achieved these goals by surveying 100-150 participants, with interviews of 5 case studies. Data will be collected at learner centers over 4 stages from May-August 2013 to assess impact on skills, finances, and quality of life. Centers participating in the evaluation will aid recruitment and complete a baseline workshop and follow-up survey. The evaluation aims to provide an engaging report of the study's findings to funders.
This document provides information about an evaluation project for the "Look After The Pennies" online course aimed at older learners. The evaluation will analyze whether the course improved learners' computer/internet knowledge and financial habits. It will involve collecting both qualitative and quantitative data from 100-150 learners and centers through baseline interviews/surveys, follow-up surveys, and 5 learner case studies to understand the course's social impact on learners' quality of life. The research will be conducted between May-August 2013 at various centers participating in the course.
The document discusses India's National Education Policy of 2020. It aims to reform the education system to align with 21st century needs and goals. Key points include:
- India follows a regular attendance system in schools and has exams in classes 2, 5, 8, and board exams in classes 10 and 12.
- Higher education will allow multiple entry and exit points with certificates, diplomas, and degrees of different durations.
- The policy promotes introducing coding in class 6, experiential learning, and improving health and counseling resources for students.
- It aims to increase focus on teachers' qualifications, standards, and continuous professional development.
- The medium of instruction will be regional languages until class 8 to promote
Four-month, part-time programme in Policy, Data & Behaviour ChangeIndian School
Lokneeti (4-month public policy course in India) is providing new career options to the students with a wide range of opportunities and evaluating public policy program.
The document provides an overview of the National Education Policy 2020 in India. It discusses the history and types of education systems in India. The policy aims to reform education structure through a new 5+3+3+4 model replacing 10+2. It focuses on reducing curriculum pressure, introducing coding in class 6, expanding mid-day meals. For higher education, it proposes 4-year multidisciplinary degrees with multiple exits and discontinuing MPhil. It also outlines reforms for teacher education, internationalization of education, and establishing new regulatory and academic bodies. The policy envisions contributing to transforming India into an equitable and knowledgeable society through high-quality education for all.
This document is a project report submitted by V. Sandeep Kumar to Indus Business Academy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Post-Graduate Diploma in Management. The report examines customer awareness of mutual funds in India through a study conducted at ICICI Securities. It includes certificates from the director and internal guide of the project, an acknowledgment, table of contents, and introduction on the history and concept of mutual funds in India.
V25 jul2012- Investment Patterns of ITES EmployeesSunia Mukherjee
This document summarizes a study conducted on the investment patterns of ITES employees in Bangalore. It includes sections on the objectives of the study, research methodology, data analysis and findings. A survey was conducted of 202 ITES employees to understand how much of their salary they invest, their preferred investment avenues, and factors influencing their choices. The data found that most employees invest between 5-15% of salary, with insurance and fixed deposits being most popular. However, only 10% preferred mutual funds despite having a medium-risk profile. The conclusions recommend that employees should save and invest more to plan for the future, and consider mutual funds to gain from equity returns.
Project Why is a nonprofit organization in Delhi that operates 5 community centers serving over 1050 children and 150 women. The centers provide after-school academic support, vocational training, early education programs, and more. Project Why aims to empower underprivileged communities by building the centers with local help and tailoring programs to community needs. It also works to develop local leadership and improve infrastructure, education quality, and staff capabilities over time with donor support.
The purpose of the Eli Lilly and Company Scholarship for BDPA Students is to recognize outstanding minority students, with an interest in information technology, who make significant contributions to society. Applicants must excel academically, show exceptional leadership potential, and make an impact on their communities through service to others.
Lilly/BDPA Scholars will be awarded a one-time $2,500 scholarship that may be used to pursue an information technology focused degree at an accredited four-year college or university of their choice. The Lilly/BDPA scholarship may be used to supplement benefits from the college or university a student plans to attend and fellowships from other foundations or organizations. Students may use the scholarship to cover the cost of tuition, fees, books, room and board, and other college-related expenses.
Scholarship winners will be selected based on the completed application, official transcript, essay, letters of recommendation, and involvement in the BDPA organization.
Career guideinterestinventory schools_v080114Maanveer Singh
The document discusses Career Guide Online, an interest inventory that helps users identify careers that best fit their interests. It does this through a user-friendly online process where users select activities they are interested in from 14 lists. This generates a report that ranks their interests across 16 career clusters and provides career guidance. The inventory is suggested as a solution to help students evaluate potential courses of study and careers by providing an objective analysis of their interests to guide their choices.
Similar to Things to know before applying to ISPP (20)
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
2. * 2
The Indian School of Public Policy was founded with a vision
to develop policy professionals who can comprehend,
design, and implement viable solutions to India’s enduring
policy and governance challenges.
3. * 3
Filling out an application is
tedious. Read further if you wish
to join the ISPP community of
tomorrow's policy leaders.
4. * 4
Yes, the Indian School of Public
Policy is in Delhi - The campus is
located at the heart of the
nation’s capital
6. * 6
A One Year-Full Time Programme -
ISPP’s Postgraduate Programme in Public
Policy is an immersive and rigorous
programme divided into 8 terms.
7. * 7
Admission criteria are
background agnostic - As far
as you’re an Indian national,
you’re eligible to apply to ISPP.
8. * 8
There is an Admission Test - The
final admissions offer will be made
to successful candidates who clear
all rounds of the admission test.
9. * 9
There are scholarships and financial
aid available - ISPP supports
candidates with demonstrated
excellence both inside and
outside the classroom.
10. * 10
Know us better - Follow ISPP on
social media to get a more
profound comprehension of who
they are and what they do.