This document summarizes a research project involving a consortium studying the valorization of sargassum seaweed through vacuum pyrolysis. The consortium includes groups studying tribology, fluorination, characterization, and economics. The project aims to develop new lubricants, battery electrodes, and other products from the pyrolysis by-products. Research will characterize biomass and pyrolysis outputs, study tribological properties with and without fluorination, and test battery performance of fluorinated carbons. Economic modeling will assess a production process given the discontinuous sargassum supply and impacts of project outputs. The consortium expects results like friction reduction from additives and capacity results for fluorinated graphite electrodes.

1. SarTrib
Thierry CESAIRE, GTSI
International Joint call on Sargassum, 19/10/241

2. Plan
 The consortium
 Aims
 Management of the project
 Research questions addressed
 Results expected
 Added value/Dissemination/perspective for
development
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
2

3. International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24 3
AIMS of SarTrib
valorisation of vacuum pyrolysis by-products of sargasso
seaweed
Liquid
phase
Bio oil
Solid carbon
phase
Nitrogen rich
aqueous phase
Gaseous
phase
Carbon particles
Fluorinatio
n
Tribological testElectrochemical
test
Electrode for Li batteries
New generation of
lubricant

4. The consortium : GTSI
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
4
Director Pr Laurence
ROMANA
Tribology Nano-mechanics
Physico-chemical
Characterization
Friction reduction
mechanisms and
anti-wear
New lubrication
strategy
Multi-scale mechanical
approach
Carbon nano
additives
Carbon friction
reducers derived
from local biomass
Raman IR Spectroscopies, TEM SEM
X RD, X ray Fluorescence
Home build
devicesC3MAG

5. The consortium : : ICCF
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24 5
Fluoridation and
fluorinated matérials
Pr. Marc DUBOIS
Hybrid nanocarbon or
nanocarbon / nano-oxide
materials as filters or materials
sensitive to pollution gases.
Surface treatment of polymers to
obtain one or more properties
(hydrophobicity, CO2, O2 and
water gas barrier, antibacterial,
...)
Fluorinated materials for energy Surface engineering
(Nano) fluorinated carbons as
electrode for primary batteries
Fluorides and oxyfluorides of
transition metals as electrode
materials for secondary batteries
Carbide-derived carbons
obtained by fluorination for use in
supercapacitors
Fluoridation of carbons and
nanocarbons for tribology
Fluoridation of graphene,
nanotubes, nanofibers and
carbon nanodiscs
Incorporation of fluorinated
nanocarbons in polymers

6. The consortium : LCA
UMR 1010 INRA/INP-ENSIACET
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
Director DR Zephirin
MOULOUNGUI
Fractionation Chemical reactivity Analysis
Biomass Bio products
Agriculture
Agro-industry
Forest
Food waste
Microalgae
Algae
Agromaterials
Surfactants
Additives
Solvents
Lubricants
Aromas
Adhesives
Pigments
6

7. International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
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CREDDI
Center for Research in Economics and Law on Island
Development - Laboratory of Economics Applied to
Development
Director : Pr. Jean Gabriel MONTAUBAN
The consortium : CREDDI-LEAD
Economic project
Impact analysis
Surveys and econometric modelling
Structural Funds,
Preparation of various financing plan
contracts,
Development of models applied
to the outermost regions

8. Management of the project
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
8
GTSI
WP A : Collection and project monitoring
Task A1: Project coordination GTSI
Task A2 Collection, subcontractor SARA
GTSI
WP B : Pyrolysis
Task A1: Characterization of biomass before pyrolisis GTSI
and LCA
Task A2 : Pyrolysis, subcontractor Pyrovac
GTSI
WP C : Characterization and Tribology
Task C1: Characterization of pyrolysed liquid phase
LCA
Task C2 : Characterization of pyrolysed solid phase
GTSI
Task C3 : Tribology GTSI
ICCF
WP D : Fluorination and electrochemistry
Task D1: Fluorination of porous carbons
Task D2 : Characterization of fluorinated carbons
Task C3 : Electrochemistry test
CREDDI
WP E : Economic model
Task E1 : Production of discontinuous supplies
Task E2 : Impact analysis of the use of fluorinated particles and
bio-oil
GTSI
WP A : Collection and project monitoring
Fluorinated
particles

9. Research questions addressed
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
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We will focus on the
answers to the following
questions:
Advantages of Sargassum derived additives
compared to conventional ones
Tribological properties of oils issued from
Sargassum pyrolysis
Effect of fluorination on lubricating performances
Efficiency of Sargassum derived carbons as
electrode materials in Li primary batteries.
Economic viability of the under vacuum pyrolysis
process

10. Results expected
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
10
6 mm s-1
AISI 52100 stainless steel
Solid lubricant
Normal force 10 N
Stainless ball 100C6
Contact Surface of 140 µm (Hertz) Averaged contact pressure 0.65 G
μ=0, 1
μ=0, 14 ± 0,02
μ= FN/FL
0,08
0,12
0,4
Steel/steel
Nanofibers, Bagasse
Fluorination
Graphite

11. International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
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Results expected
Accommodation of formed LiF
CFx + xLi  C + xLiF
Lithium battery
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
1,6
1,8
2,0
2,2
2,4
2,6
2,8
3,0
3,2
3,4
C(550)
C(350)
C
Voltage(V)
Capacity (Ah.kg
-1
)
Fluorinated graphite prepared with IF5
Comparison of specific capacities
Porosity

12. International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
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Added value/Dissemination/
perspective for development
could be used as fertilizer if there are no
heavy metals after LCA analysis
Not studied in this project
Possibilities
vacuum pyrolysis by-products with high added
value
Two pyrolysed phases not exploited
A nitrogen rich aqueous phaseA gaseous phases composed of
incondensable gases
Dissemination
Congress (oral and poster)
National and international
publications

13. International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
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Thank you for your attention

14. The consortium : GTSI
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
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15. The consortium : ICCF
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
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16. The consortium : ICCF
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
16
Inorganic materials
Director : Pr. Marc
DUBOIS
Fluoridation and
fluorinated
materials
Materials, plasma
and processes
Lamellar double
hydroxides
Luminescent
Materials
The MI team is positioned on promising topics with high societal challenges such as
energy storage and management, eco-energy lighting, depollution, and reducing
the environmental impact of processes.

17. International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
17 International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
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Processes
Mecanisms & modeling
Analysis
Fractionatio
n
Chemical
reactivity
Biomass
• Agriculture
• Agro-industry
• Forest
• Food waste
• Microalgae
• Algae
Bioproducts
• Agromaterials
• Surfactants
• Additives
• Solvents
• Lubricants
• Aromas
• Adhesives
• Pigments
• …Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Environmental
LCA ; Life Cycle Costing ; Social LCA

18. International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
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The consortium : LCA
LCA : UMR 1010 INRA/INP-ENSIACET
Director Pr. Carlos VACA-GARCIA
Research area
renewable carbon chemistry mainly derived from plant
biomass
"Fragmentation of Agroresources
and Processes of Agro-industrial
Transformation" team
FAPTA
"Chemical Reactivity of
Agromolecules - Lipochemistry"
team
RCAML
‘’Analytical Engineering and
Environmental Becoming of Agro-
constituents’’
GADEA

19. The consortium LCA
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
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Chemical Reactivity Team of
Agromolecules – Lipochemistry
Manager DR Zephirin
MOULOUNGUI

20. The consortium
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
20
 GTSI (Groupe des Technologies des
Surfaces et des Interfaces) Université des
Antilles
Tribology, Nanomechanic, Physico-Chemical
characterization
 ICCF (Clermont-Ferrand Institute
Chemistry)
 LCA (Agro-industrial Chemistry Laboratory)
 CREDDI (Center for Research in
Economics and Law on Insular
Development) Université des Antilles

21. International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
21
AIMS of SarTrib
PYROVAC : Pyrolysis under vacuum Created by Christian ROY QUEBEC
A nitrogen rich aqueous phase
A liquid phase
(bio-oil)
A solid carbon phase
(bio-char)
Tribologic
valorization
Electrochemical
valorization A gaseous phase of incondensable
gases

22. WP A : Collection and project
monitoring GTSI
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
22
Task A1 : Project
coordination
GTSI
This involves organizing project monitoring and control, organizing
project coordination meetings, specimen transfer procedures and
planning progress reports. We plan at least one meeting every 6
months.
Task A2 : Collection
GTSI (subcontractor SARA)
The collection will be devoted the Anonymous Company of the Refinery
of Antilles, (SARA). It participates in the creation of an industrial unit of
conditioning and recovery allowing the reception, the grinding and the
dehydration of Sargassum algae.

23. WP B : Pyrolisis GTSI
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
23
Task B1 : Characterization of the biomass before
pyrolysis
GTSI-LCA
After separating the algae according to their collection locations and
their decomposition states, the GTSI will mainly perform elemental
analysis by X-ray fluorescence, to detect traces of arsenic or other
heavy element.
The LCA will make the determination of the chemical composition of
the biomass
Task B2 : Pyrolysis
GTSI (subcontractor
PyroVac)
The pyrolysis will be done with our provider the company PyroVac in
Quebec, Canada. The pyrolysis process is under vacuum, but we have
the opportunity to vary the atmosphere and pressure. Particular care
will be given to the setting up of pyrolysis parameters as they will be
decisive for the physico-chemical properties of the by-products.

24. WP C : Characterization and
Tribology GTSI
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
24
Task C1 : Characterization of pyrolized liquid
phases
LCA
LCA has all the skills to analyze and characterize the different
compounds present in bio-oils and will also be able to carry out the
elemental analysis of the pyrolyzed aqueous phase, in order to
detect heavy metalsTask C2 : Characterization of pyrolized solid
phases
GTSI
These analyses will be performed using the equipment of the GTSI
and the C3MAG. This step will also consist in selecting the particles
intended for fluorination
Task C3 : Tribology
GTSI
- A sphere on plane tribometer that can measure the friction
coefficient possibly at different temperatures The use of an
environmental tribometer able to visualize a contact in real time and
to realize Raman 'in-situ' spectroscopy in order to follow the
structural evolution of the coal in a confined inter-facial space, under
different pressures.
- The use of an atomic force microscope capable of performing
mechanical measurements in a liquid medium
AFM
Tribometer
TEM
Raman, NIR,FT-IR

25. WP D Fluorination and electrochemistry
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
25
Task D 1 : Fluorination of porous biobased carbons, ICCF
Carbones de SarTrib
N2F2F2
N2F2F2
F2
F2
F2
F2
F2
F
2
F2
F
2
N2
F2
F2
Sampl
e
Sample
F2
F2
F2
F2
F2
F2
F2
F2
F2
F2
N2
F2
F2N
2
F2
F2
F2
Static fluorination Dynamic fluarination

26. International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
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WP D Fluorination and electrochemistry
Task D 2 : Characterzation of fluorinated carbon particles,
ICCF
Multitude of combinations  various applications
Li primary batteries
Nano-composites, adsorption of micro-pollutants, gas barrier
(super) hydrophobicity, …
Sensors, contaminameters, microelectronics
x dans
CFx
(x= F/C)
Lubrication
0 0.1 0.5 1.0
C(s) + x/2F2(g)  CFx x<4
GTSI
ICCF

27. WP Economic model, CREDDI
International Joint call on Sargassum,
19/10/24
27
Task E 1 : Production of discontinuous supplies
Multi-dimensional approach
of a commercial productiive
process
random arrival Sargassum
discontinuity of raw material
supplies.
material and environmental
specificities.
Task E 2 : Impact analysis of the use of fluorinated
carbonaceous particles and bio-oil
Macro-economic impact of
particles and bio-oils produced
Macro-economic model development to
assess the diversity of issues