There Is No Unmarked Woman
(originally titled "Marked Women, Unmarked Men")
by Deborah Tannen, The New York Times Magazine, June 20, 1993.
Some years ago I was at a small working conference of four women and eight men. Instead of concentrating on the discussion I found myself looking at the three other women at the table, thinking how each had a different style and how each style was coherent.
One woman had dark brown hair in a classic style, a cross between Cleopatra and Plain Jane. The severity of her straight hair was softened by wavy bangs and ends that turned under. Because she was beautiful, the effect was more Cleopatra than plain.
The second woman was older, full of dignity and composure. Her hair was cut in a fashionable style that left her with only one eye, thanks to a side part that let a curtain of hair fall across half her face. As she looked down to read her prepared paper, the hair robbed her of bifocal vision and created a barrier between her and the listeners.
The third woman's hair was wild, a frosted blond avalanche falling over and beyond her shoulders. When she spoke she frequently tossed her head, calling attention to her hair and away from her lecture.
Then there was makeup. The first woman wore facial cover that made her skin smooth and pale, a black line under each eye and mascara that darkened already dark lashes. The second wore only a light gloss on her lips and a hint of shadow on her eyes. The third had blue bands under her eyes, dark blue shadow, mascara, bright red lipstick and rouge; her fingernails flashed red.
I considered the clothes each woman had worn during the three days of the conference: In the first case, man-tailored suits in primary colors with solid-color blouses. In the second, casual but stylish black T-shirts, a floppy collarless jacket and baggy slacks or a skirt in neutral colors. The third wore a sexy jump suit; tight sleeveless jersey and tight yellow slacks; a dress with gaping armholes and an indulged tendency to fall off one shoulder.
Shoes? No. 1 wore string sandals with medium heels; No. 2, sensible, comfortable walking shoes; No. 3, pumps with spike heels. You can fill in the jewelry, scarves, shawls, sweaters -- or lack of them.
As I amused myself finding coherence in these styles, I suddenly wondered why I was scrutinizing only the women. I scanned the eight men at the table. And then I knew why I wasn't studying them. The men's styles were unmarked.
THE TERM "MARKED" IS a staple of linguistic theory. It refers to the way language alters the base meaning of a word by adding a linguistic particle that has no meaning on its own. The unmarked form of a word carries the meaning that goes without saying -- what you think of when you're not thinking anything special.
The unmarked tense of verbs in English is the present -- for example, visit. To indicate past, you mark the verb by adding ed to yield visited. For future, you add a word: will visit. Nouns are presumed to be sin.
Essay About Your Name. About The Namesake - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.comJanet Jackson
Stunning My Name Essay Thatsnotus. 013 My Name Essay Example English Books Essays On Throughout College .... Writing A Narrative Essay About Your Name. Where to put your name on an essay. What is a good title for a .... Essay about your name. My Name Essay. 2019-01-05. Essay name. Whats In A Name Essay. 2022-11-06. Two paragraph essay about my name. My Name Essay Sample Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com. 014 Essay Example My Name Tok Sample Paper Mla Format Papers Write For .... Narrative essay about your name - deaththesis.x.fc2.com. How To Write An Essay About My Name - Ca.EduBirdie.com. Whats In A Name Essay Online - tophelpwritingessaylife. Why I Should Be Named Victor Essay Example Topics and Well Written .... The Namesake Summary Essay Example - PHDessay.com. Mr. JBs Literature Class: Proper Journal and Essay Format. 10 Tips to Write an Essay and Actually Enjoy It. Whats In A Name Essay Short and Long Essay on Whats In A Name for .... Whats In A Name? - PHDessay.com. About The Namesake - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.com. Your Name - english1180asher. 009 My Name Essay Sample Mba Service Admission Writing 4h Whartons Duke ... Essay About Your Name Essay About Your Name. About The Namesake - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.com
Gender Roles Essay
Essay on Gender Role Development
Gender Roles
Gender Roles Essay
Gender Roles Essay
Essay on Gender Roles in Society
Gender Role Theory
Stereotype Essay
What is a Stereotype? Essay
Essay about Stereotypes
Stereotypes Essay examples
Essay On Stereotypes
What is Stereotyping? Essay
Stereotypes Essay
Essay About Your Name. About The Namesake - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.comJanet Jackson
Stunning My Name Essay Thatsnotus. 013 My Name Essay Example English Books Essays On Throughout College .... Writing A Narrative Essay About Your Name. Where to put your name on an essay. What is a good title for a .... Essay about your name. My Name Essay. 2019-01-05. Essay name. Whats In A Name Essay. 2022-11-06. Two paragraph essay about my name. My Name Essay Sample Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com. 014 Essay Example My Name Tok Sample Paper Mla Format Papers Write For .... Narrative essay about your name - deaththesis.x.fc2.com. How To Write An Essay About My Name - Ca.EduBirdie.com. Whats In A Name Essay Online - tophelpwritingessaylife. Why I Should Be Named Victor Essay Example Topics and Well Written .... The Namesake Summary Essay Example - PHDessay.com. Mr. JBs Literature Class: Proper Journal and Essay Format. 10 Tips to Write an Essay and Actually Enjoy It. Whats In A Name Essay Short and Long Essay on Whats In A Name for .... Whats In A Name? - PHDessay.com. About The Namesake - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.com. Your Name - english1180asher. 009 My Name Essay Sample Mba Service Admission Writing 4h Whartons Duke ... Essay About Your Name Essay About Your Name. About The Namesake - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.com
Gender Roles Essay
Essay on Gender Role Development
Gender Roles
Gender Roles Essay
Gender Roles Essay
Essay on Gender Roles in Society
Gender Role Theory
Stereotype Essay
What is a Stereotype? Essay
Essay about Stereotypes
Stereotypes Essay examples
Essay On Stereotypes
What is Stereotyping? Essay
Stereotypes Essay
Gender and Age10CHAPTERIn Tunis, the capital of Tunisi.docxhanneloremccaffery
Gender and Age10CHAPTER
In Tunis, the capital of Tunisia, on Africa’s north-
ern coast, I met some U.S. college students and spent a couple
of days with them. They wanted to see the city’s red light
district, but I wondered whether it would be worth the trip. I
already had seen other red light districts, including the unusual
one in Amsterdam where a bronze statue of a female prostitute
lets you know you’ve entered the area; the state licenses the
women and men, requiring that they have medical checkups
(certificates must be posted); and the prostitutes add sales tax
to the receipts they give customers. The prostitutes sit behind
lighted picture windows while customers stroll along the nar-
row canal side streets and do “window shopping” from the out-
side. Tucked among the brothels are day care centers, bakeries,
and clothing stores. Amsterdam itself is an unusual place—in
cafes, you can smoke marijuana but not tobacco.
I decided to go with
them. We ended up on a
wharf that extended into the
Mediterranean. Each side was
lined with a row of one-room
wooden shacks, crowded one
against the next. In front
of each open door stood a
young woman. Peering from
outside into the dark inte-
riors, I could see that each
door led to a tiny room with
an old, well-worn bed.
The wharf was crowded
with men who were eyeing the
women. Many of the men wore sailor uniforms from countries
that I couldn’t identify.
As I looked more closely, I could see that some of the
women had runny sores on their legs. Incredibly, with such vis-
ible evidence of their disease, customers still sought them out.
With a sick feeling in my stomach and the desire to vomit,
I kept a good distance between the beckoning women and
myself. One tour of the two-block area was more than
sufficient.
Somewhere nearby, out of sight, I knew that there were
men whose wealth derived from exploiting these women who
were condemned to live short lives punctuated by fear and
misery.
The prostitutes sit
behind lighted picture
windows while cus-
tomers stroll along
the narrow canal side
streets and do “win-
dow shopping” from
the outside.
Afghanistan
276 CHAPTER 10 Gender and Age
Differences in how we display gender
often lie below our awareness. How
males and females use social space
is an example. In this unposed
photo from Grand Central Station
in New York City, you can see how
males tend to sprawl out, females
to enclose themselves. Why do you
think this difference exists? Biology?
Socialization? Both?
In the previous chapter, we considered how race–ethnicity affects people’s well-being
and their position in society. In this chapter, we examine gender stratification—males’
and females’ unequal access to property, power, and prestige.
We also explore the prejudice and discrimination directed to people because of their
age. Gender and age are especially significant because, like race–ethnicity, they are master
statuses; that is, they cut ...
What is a Stereotype? Essay
Essay On Stereotypes
Essay about Stereotypes
Stereotypes In English
Stereotypes Stereotypes
Stereotypes Essay
Stereotyping
Stereotypes Essay examples
The Handsomest Drowned Man In The World Essay.pdfJennifer Smith
⇉"The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez .... handsomest Drowned Man in The World. PPT - The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World PowerPoint Presentation .... The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World Essay Example | Topics and Well .... The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World by Katherine Gutierrez. (DOC) analysis of the handsomest drowned man in the world | Puteri .... The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World STYLE_paper. The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World by Malena Howerton. The Handsomest Drowned Man in The World. The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World by Gabriel García Márquez. The Handsomest Drowned Man In The World Essay – Telegraph. "The Handsomest Drowned Man In The World" by rodriguezc. The Handsomest Drowned Man In The World.doc. The Handsomest Drowned Man In The World Storyboard. "The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World" Close Reading | Teaching .... The Handsomest Drowned Man In The World - slidesharetrick. The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World Concept Board by Mathew Jacob. "The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World" Quiz | Teaching Resources.
There have been several outbreaks of Legionnaires Disease. Legionna.docxrelaine1
There have been several outbreaks of Legionnaires' Disease. Legionnaires' Disease is a type of pneumonia caused by bacteria (legionella) that grow in warm water. Discuss how local officials, the health department, the mayor's office, handled the outbreak. Discuss the following questions: What factors may have caused this problem? What was identified as the source of the outbreak? Who is at risk for the disease? How long did the outbreak in NYC last?
250 word count.
.
There is 15 word each word need to have definition from 100 word t.docxrelaine1
There is 15 word each word need to have definition from 100 word to 150 words with the mane information for each word. and theses words are from middle east history. that was part one, part 2 I need 2 essay you choose 2 of the three topics and write 2 pages for each essay which means 2 essays.
. due thursday noon. please no plagrized work .
thank you
.
There have been many decisions by the courts that have significantly.docxrelaine1
There have been many decisions by the courts that have significantly changed elements of the criminal justice system over the past 25 years. Choose
a legal case
(written in the past 10
years)
that you feel has had a major impact on American justice. Read the case and conduct research on its implications. Critically evaluate the change from the perspective of a variety of actors in the criminal justice system (judges, attorneys, offenders, victims, etc).
Paper should be a minimum of two pages in length (double spaced; Times New Roman 12 point font; one inch margins on all sides) and submitted in a folder using the APA citation system.
.
There have been many illuminating debates over the years conce.docxrelaine1
There have been many illuminating debates over the years concerning the differences or
similarities of leadership and management. Many people would argue that there are major
differences in the concepts and precepts of leadership and management because you lead and
love people from the emotional state of mind (heart) and manage processes, ideas, and things
through a logical state of mind (head). Having said this, one could postulate that leadership and
management debates will probably continue well into the future because the opposing
differences in philosophical viewpoints are based on unique organizational dynamics.
Sometimes you hear the expression “natural-born leader.” Leadership is a learned process, but
people must be born with the ability to absorb and apply the leadership concepts they have
learned. UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE Developing Leaders MHR 6551, Training and Development 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title Those who have served as leaders and managers for many years
are oftentimes inclined to believe that there are similarities as well as differences in leadership
and management. Equally important, experience has proven that in some cases leadership and
management overlap because organizations are composed of behavior (emotional) and task
(production) relationships. However, some do not believe that they are one and the same. Some
similarities of leadership and management are that they are both influential, work with others,
and work towards meeting the organizational goals (Northouse, 2010). Leadership and
management skills are required to be an effective leader. Moye (2004) echoed this point by
stating that not only are the best leaders good managers, but the strongest managers are also
great leaders. It is also important to note that managing is a subset of leading, meaning that
management is just one part of leadership. She went on to say that managers have authority
with employees or projects, whereas leaders motivate those people and projects (Moye, 2004).
Warren Bennis is famous for his one-liners about leadership and management. His one-liners
demonstrate that the differences between managers and leaders. While managers enforce the
expectations, leaders are inspiring and innovative. If you are interested in studying Bennis
further, consider reading his book listed in the Suggested Readings. Remember that
management is a subset of leading. It is the leaders who grow and develop as well as motivate
and connect with their employees. Management, on the other hand, enforces and maintains
guidelines and rules. However, it is important to note that Northouse (2004) stated that effective
organizations need to nourish competent management and leadership skills. Briner and
Pritchard (1997) stated that leaders lead and managers manage. Interestingly, they also stated
that often one person will fill both roles in an organization. Many believe that not all managers
can be considered leaders, and that while there a.
There have been many social protests over the last seven years in ou.docxrelaine1
There have been many social protests over the last seven years in our country. There causes were noble, but what have they accomplished besides drawing attention to their cause. Choose a social protest that occurred over the past seven years and define their cause, and explain what political or social changes they have made in our country at a city, state or national level. Do you think they were effective? Why or why not?
.
There have been a lot of challenges that this nation has faced in th.docxrelaine1
There have been a lot of challenges that this nation has faced in the last two to three months with the advent and sustainment of covid 19 virus. To face that challenge, many emerging leaders have come to the forefront of our television viewing and media attention. Based upon what you have witnessed provide me three uos and downs on how they have done. Because hinsigt is always 20/20 and Monday morning quaterbacjibg wins every game. How would you have wanted our current covid 19 national response leadership to apply the principles you have learned in class to mitigate the effects experienced during this crisis.
.
There have been many books and opinion pieces writ-ten about the imp.docxrelaine1
There have been many books and opinion pieces writ-ten about the impact of AI on jobs and ideas for societal responses to address the issues. Two ideas were mentioned in the chapter – UBI and SIS. What are the pros and cons of these ideas? How would these be implemented?
.
There have been many books and opinion pieces writ-ten about the.docxrelaine1
There have been many books and opinion pieces writ-ten about the impact of AI on jobs and ideas for societal responses to address the issues. Two ideas were mentioned in the chapter – UBI and SIS. What are the pros and cons of these ideas? How would these be implemented?
.
There has been much debate on the value of using solitary confinemen.docxrelaine1
There has been much debate on the value of using solitary confinement as part of the juvenile justice rehabilitation process. After reviewing the chapter readings and watching the video on solitary confinement, discuss your position on the value of using solitary confinement with a juvenile.
.
There has been an increase in AI and bots that are ingesting informa.docxrelaine1
There has been an increase in AI and bots that are ingesting information and creating their own content. Click the links below and read the content. Then, express your thoughts about this concept. Do you think AI can really take in existing information and create something original? Should the original sources be credited since it is technology driven, or is it similar to a person learning about a topic and creating their own work? How do you think this can evolve in the future?
https://twitter.com/KeatonPatti/status/1072877290902745089
https://twitter.com/KeatonPatti/status/1050396467674968064
.
there could be room for even more stores. Given such concen-.docxrelaine1
there could be room for even more stores. Given such concen-
tration, it is likely to take annual same-store sales increases of
10 percent or more if the company is going to match its historic
overall sales growth. That, as they might say at Starbucks, is a tall
order to fi ll.
Indeed, the crowding of so many stores so close together has
become a national joke, eliciting quips such as this headline in The
Onion , a satirical publication: “A New Starbucks Opens in Rest-
room of Existing Starbucks.” And even the company admits that
while its practice of blanketing an area with stores helps achieve
market dominance, it can cut sales at existing outlets. “We prob-
ably self-cannibalize our stores at a rate of 30 percent a year,”
Schultz says. Adds Lehman Brothers Inc. analyst Mitchell Speiser:
“Starbucks is at a defi ning point in its growth. It’s reaching a level
that makes it harder and harder to grow, just due to the law of large
numbers.”
To duplicate the staggering returns of its fi rst decade, Starbucks
has no choice but to export its concept aggressively. Indeed, some
analysts gave Starbucks only two years at most before it saturates
the U.S. market. The chain now operates 5,507 international out-
lets, from Beijing to Bristol. That leaves plenty of room to grow.
Most of its planned new stores will be built overseas, represent-
ing a 35 percent increase in its foreign base. Most recently, the
chain has opened stores in Vienna, Zurich, Madrid, Berlin, and
even in far-off Jakarta. Athens comes next. And within the next
year, Starbucks plans to move into Mexico and Puerto Rico. But
global expansion poses huge risks for Starbucks. For one thing, it
makes less money on each overseas store because most of them are
operated with local partners. While that makes it easier to start up
on foreign turf, it reduces the company’s share of the profi ts to only
20 percent to 50 percent.
Moreover, Starbucks must cope with some predictable chal-
lenges of becoming a mature company in the United States. After
riding the wave of successful baby boomers through the 1990s,
the company faces an ominously hostile reception from its future
consumers, the twenty- or thirty-somethings of Generation X. Not
only are the activists among them turned off by the power and
image of the well-known brand, but many others say that Star-
bucks’ latte-sipping sophisticates and piped-in Kenny G music are
a real turnoff. They don’t feel wanted in a place that sells designer
coffee at $3 a cup.
Even the thirst of loyalists for high-price coffee cannot be taken
for granted. Starbucks’ growth over the early part of the past de-
cade coincided with a remarkable surge in the economy. Consumer
spending tanked in the downturn, and those $3 lattes were an easy
place for people on a budget to cut back.
Starbucks also faces slumping morale and employee burnout
among its store managers and its once-cheery army of baristas.
Stock options for .
There has been a health outbreak! Choose an at-risk population, .docxrelaine1
There has been a health outbreak! Choose an at-risk population, an epidemic, and respond to the following objectives from the CDC Epidemic Intelligence Service. You are to write a 2- 3 page paper, in APA format, include at least 5 references, and address the objectives below. You will include the primary NCHEC Area of Responsibility and Competency you are addressing in this assignment as a title on the first page of your document. What is the epidemic, who does it adversely affect, what is the first response to this epidemic, etc.
After you complete the paper, create a 1-page outbreak communication flyer, radio announcement, commercial transcript, etc. to release to the public (this is the presentation portion and is a separate submission) (follow the CDC and WHO outline for help, located in the Module 5 Resources).
Possible Epidemics in the US:
Salmonella
Lung injury associated with e-cigarette use or vaping
Listeria
Brucella
Measles
Hepatitis A
Hurricane
Possible Epidemics Outside the US:
Dengue
Polio
Chikungunya
Typhoid fever (drug-resistant)
Hurricane
Situational Awareness
At the start of an investigation, you will need to assess the situation (
11 (Links to an external site.)
). The following steps will help you perform this task quickly:
Identify affected or potentially affected populations (i.e., target audiences)
. Ask yourself, “Who is most at risk by the outbreak or public health threat?” “What populations are most vulnerable or at the highest risk and need to be reached first?”
Identify behavioral factors that might place persons at risk.
Ask yourself, “Are behavioral factors placing persons at risk?” If so, “What are they?” Can you recommend actions that persons and healthcare providers can take to confront these behavioral factors and thus reduce their risk (e.g., get vaccinated or wash their hands frequently)? If the risk is unknown, can you provide information to the public and media about what is being done in the investigation to identify what places persons at risk?
Identify partners who might be able to reach affected persons or populations.
In an ideal situation, strong relationships will exist. However, if such relationships do not yet exist, quickly identify what relationships are crucial for containing and stopping the outbreak. Ask yourself, “Are healthcare providers available who might reach the affected persons or populations quickly?” “Who are the community leaders who can help reach the affected persons or populations?” “Will the public look to specific partners or persons for advice or direction (e.g., religious leaders or local thought leaders)?” Decide who should talk with those influential persons and what the timing should be for doing so.
Identify perceptions in the community that might affect communications
. Listen to community members. Work to get a better understanding of how local authorities, affected persons, and community leaders perceive the situation (
7 (Links to an ext.
There has been a health outbreak! Choose an at-risk population, an e.docxrelaine1
There has been a health outbreak! Choose an at-risk population, an epidemic, and respond to the following objectives from the CDC Epidemic Intelligence Service. You are to write a 2- 3 page paper, in APA format, include at least 5 references, and address the objectives below. You will include the primary NCHEC Area of Responsibility and Competency you are addressing in this assignment as a title on the first page of your document. What is the epidemic, who does it adversely affect, what is the first response to this epidemic, etc.
After you complete the paper, create a 1-page outbreak communication flyer, radio announcement, commercial transcript, etc. to release to the public (this is the presentation portion and is a separate submission) (follow the CDC and WHO outline for help, located in the Module 5 Resources).
Possible Epidemics in the US:
Salmonella
Lung injury associated with e-cigarette use or vaping
Listeria
Brucella
Measles
Hepatitis A
Hurricane
Possible Epidemics Outside the US:
Dengue
Polio
Chikungunya
Typhoid fever (drug-resistant)
Hurricane
Situational Awareness
At the start of an investigation, you will need to assess the situation (
11
). The following steps will help you perform this task quickly:
Identify affected or potentially affected populations (i.e., target audiences)
. Ask yourself, “Who is most at risk by the outbreak or public health threat?” “What populations are most vulnerable or at the highest risk and need to be reached first?”
Identify behavioral factors that might place persons at risk.
Ask yourself, “Are behavioral factors placing persons at risk?” If so, “What are they?” Can you recommend actions that persons and healthcare providers can take to confront these behavioral factors and thus reduce their risk (e.g., get vaccinated or wash their hands frequently)? If the risk is unknown, can you provide information to the public and media about what is being done in the investigation to identify what places persons at risk?
Identify partners who might be able to reach affected persons or populations.
In an ideal situation, strong relationships will exist. However, if such relationships do not yet exist, quickly identify what relationships are crucial for containing and stopping the outbreak. Ask yourself, “Are healthcare providers available who might reach the affected persons or populations quickly?” “Who are the community leaders who can help reach the affected persons or populations?” “Will the public look to specific partners or persons for advice or direction (e.g., religious leaders or local thought leaders)?” Decide who should talk with those influential persons and what the timing should be for doing so.
Identify perceptions in the community that might affect communications
. Listen to community members. Work to get a better understanding of how local authorities, affected persons, and community leaders perceive the situation (
7
). Listen to concerns, critiques, and fears..
There are various types of water pollution. Water pollution occurs w.docxrelaine1
There are various types of water pollution. Water pollution occurs when contaminants enter a water body and the water body becomes impacted; farms, industries, and even homes can be a source of pollution.
Part 1
Pollutants can harm ecosystem function and may also harm human health.
Give 1 example of an environmental pollutant that you have heard about, and explain why it concerns you.
What are its harmful effects?
How did you hear about this pollutant?
Do you feel that adequate steps are being taken to control this type of pollution?
Why or why not?
Part 2
Visit the
EPA's Web site: Final National Priorities List (NPL) Sites - by State
Choose 1 state and 1 superfund site in that state. Using information from the Web site, briefly describe the site, including the following:
Name
Location
Some of the contaminants
Whether the site clean-up is under way or complete
Are human exposures at the site under control? How might you use this type of information about contaminated sites in your area?
List and cite sources in APA style.
Comment substantively on other posts.
.
More Related Content
Similar to There Is No Unmarked Woman(originally titled Marked Women, Unma.docx
Gender and Age10CHAPTERIn Tunis, the capital of Tunisi.docxhanneloremccaffery
Gender and Age10CHAPTER
In Tunis, the capital of Tunisia, on Africa’s north-
ern coast, I met some U.S. college students and spent a couple
of days with them. They wanted to see the city’s red light
district, but I wondered whether it would be worth the trip. I
already had seen other red light districts, including the unusual
one in Amsterdam where a bronze statue of a female prostitute
lets you know you’ve entered the area; the state licenses the
women and men, requiring that they have medical checkups
(certificates must be posted); and the prostitutes add sales tax
to the receipts they give customers. The prostitutes sit behind
lighted picture windows while customers stroll along the nar-
row canal side streets and do “window shopping” from the out-
side. Tucked among the brothels are day care centers, bakeries,
and clothing stores. Amsterdam itself is an unusual place—in
cafes, you can smoke marijuana but not tobacco.
I decided to go with
them. We ended up on a
wharf that extended into the
Mediterranean. Each side was
lined with a row of one-room
wooden shacks, crowded one
against the next. In front
of each open door stood a
young woman. Peering from
outside into the dark inte-
riors, I could see that each
door led to a tiny room with
an old, well-worn bed.
The wharf was crowded
with men who were eyeing the
women. Many of the men wore sailor uniforms from countries
that I couldn’t identify.
As I looked more closely, I could see that some of the
women had runny sores on their legs. Incredibly, with such vis-
ible evidence of their disease, customers still sought them out.
With a sick feeling in my stomach and the desire to vomit,
I kept a good distance between the beckoning women and
myself. One tour of the two-block area was more than
sufficient.
Somewhere nearby, out of sight, I knew that there were
men whose wealth derived from exploiting these women who
were condemned to live short lives punctuated by fear and
misery.
The prostitutes sit
behind lighted picture
windows while cus-
tomers stroll along
the narrow canal side
streets and do “win-
dow shopping” from
the outside.
Afghanistan
276 CHAPTER 10 Gender and Age
Differences in how we display gender
often lie below our awareness. How
males and females use social space
is an example. In this unposed
photo from Grand Central Station
in New York City, you can see how
males tend to sprawl out, females
to enclose themselves. Why do you
think this difference exists? Biology?
Socialization? Both?
In the previous chapter, we considered how race–ethnicity affects people’s well-being
and their position in society. In this chapter, we examine gender stratification—males’
and females’ unequal access to property, power, and prestige.
We also explore the prejudice and discrimination directed to people because of their
age. Gender and age are especially significant because, like race–ethnicity, they are master
statuses; that is, they cut ...
What is a Stereotype? Essay
Essay On Stereotypes
Essay about Stereotypes
Stereotypes In English
Stereotypes Stereotypes
Stereotypes Essay
Stereotyping
Stereotypes Essay examples
The Handsomest Drowned Man In The World Essay.pdfJennifer Smith
⇉"The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez .... handsomest Drowned Man in The World. PPT - The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World PowerPoint Presentation .... The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World Essay Example | Topics and Well .... The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World by Katherine Gutierrez. (DOC) analysis of the handsomest drowned man in the world | Puteri .... The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World STYLE_paper. The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World by Malena Howerton. The Handsomest Drowned Man in The World. The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World by Gabriel García Márquez. The Handsomest Drowned Man In The World Essay – Telegraph. "The Handsomest Drowned Man In The World" by rodriguezc. The Handsomest Drowned Man In The World.doc. The Handsomest Drowned Man In The World Storyboard. "The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World" Close Reading | Teaching .... The Handsomest Drowned Man In The World - slidesharetrick. The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World Concept Board by Mathew Jacob. "The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World" Quiz | Teaching Resources.
There have been several outbreaks of Legionnaires Disease. Legionna.docxrelaine1
There have been several outbreaks of Legionnaires' Disease. Legionnaires' Disease is a type of pneumonia caused by bacteria (legionella) that grow in warm water. Discuss how local officials, the health department, the mayor's office, handled the outbreak. Discuss the following questions: What factors may have caused this problem? What was identified as the source of the outbreak? Who is at risk for the disease? How long did the outbreak in NYC last?
250 word count.
.
There is 15 word each word need to have definition from 100 word t.docxrelaine1
There is 15 word each word need to have definition from 100 word to 150 words with the mane information for each word. and theses words are from middle east history. that was part one, part 2 I need 2 essay you choose 2 of the three topics and write 2 pages for each essay which means 2 essays.
. due thursday noon. please no plagrized work .
thank you
.
There have been many decisions by the courts that have significantly.docxrelaine1
There have been many decisions by the courts that have significantly changed elements of the criminal justice system over the past 25 years. Choose
a legal case
(written in the past 10
years)
that you feel has had a major impact on American justice. Read the case and conduct research on its implications. Critically evaluate the change from the perspective of a variety of actors in the criminal justice system (judges, attorneys, offenders, victims, etc).
Paper should be a minimum of two pages in length (double spaced; Times New Roman 12 point font; one inch margins on all sides) and submitted in a folder using the APA citation system.
.
There have been many illuminating debates over the years conce.docxrelaine1
There have been many illuminating debates over the years concerning the differences or
similarities of leadership and management. Many people would argue that there are major
differences in the concepts and precepts of leadership and management because you lead and
love people from the emotional state of mind (heart) and manage processes, ideas, and things
through a logical state of mind (head). Having said this, one could postulate that leadership and
management debates will probably continue well into the future because the opposing
differences in philosophical viewpoints are based on unique organizational dynamics.
Sometimes you hear the expression “natural-born leader.” Leadership is a learned process, but
people must be born with the ability to absorb and apply the leadership concepts they have
learned. UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE Developing Leaders MHR 6551, Training and Development 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title Those who have served as leaders and managers for many years
are oftentimes inclined to believe that there are similarities as well as differences in leadership
and management. Equally important, experience has proven that in some cases leadership and
management overlap because organizations are composed of behavior (emotional) and task
(production) relationships. However, some do not believe that they are one and the same. Some
similarities of leadership and management are that they are both influential, work with others,
and work towards meeting the organizational goals (Northouse, 2010). Leadership and
management skills are required to be an effective leader. Moye (2004) echoed this point by
stating that not only are the best leaders good managers, but the strongest managers are also
great leaders. It is also important to note that managing is a subset of leading, meaning that
management is just one part of leadership. She went on to say that managers have authority
with employees or projects, whereas leaders motivate those people and projects (Moye, 2004).
Warren Bennis is famous for his one-liners about leadership and management. His one-liners
demonstrate that the differences between managers and leaders. While managers enforce the
expectations, leaders are inspiring and innovative. If you are interested in studying Bennis
further, consider reading his book listed in the Suggested Readings. Remember that
management is a subset of leading. It is the leaders who grow and develop as well as motivate
and connect with their employees. Management, on the other hand, enforces and maintains
guidelines and rules. However, it is important to note that Northouse (2004) stated that effective
organizations need to nourish competent management and leadership skills. Briner and
Pritchard (1997) stated that leaders lead and managers manage. Interestingly, they also stated
that often one person will fill both roles in an organization. Many believe that not all managers
can be considered leaders, and that while there a.
There have been many social protests over the last seven years in ou.docxrelaine1
There have been many social protests over the last seven years in our country. There causes were noble, but what have they accomplished besides drawing attention to their cause. Choose a social protest that occurred over the past seven years and define their cause, and explain what political or social changes they have made in our country at a city, state or national level. Do you think they were effective? Why or why not?
.
There have been a lot of challenges that this nation has faced in th.docxrelaine1
There have been a lot of challenges that this nation has faced in the last two to three months with the advent and sustainment of covid 19 virus. To face that challenge, many emerging leaders have come to the forefront of our television viewing and media attention. Based upon what you have witnessed provide me three uos and downs on how they have done. Because hinsigt is always 20/20 and Monday morning quaterbacjibg wins every game. How would you have wanted our current covid 19 national response leadership to apply the principles you have learned in class to mitigate the effects experienced during this crisis.
.
There have been many books and opinion pieces writ-ten about the imp.docxrelaine1
There have been many books and opinion pieces writ-ten about the impact of AI on jobs and ideas for societal responses to address the issues. Two ideas were mentioned in the chapter – UBI and SIS. What are the pros and cons of these ideas? How would these be implemented?
.
There have been many books and opinion pieces writ-ten about the.docxrelaine1
There have been many books and opinion pieces writ-ten about the impact of AI on jobs and ideas for societal responses to address the issues. Two ideas were mentioned in the chapter – UBI and SIS. What are the pros and cons of these ideas? How would these be implemented?
.
There has been much debate on the value of using solitary confinemen.docxrelaine1
There has been much debate on the value of using solitary confinement as part of the juvenile justice rehabilitation process. After reviewing the chapter readings and watching the video on solitary confinement, discuss your position on the value of using solitary confinement with a juvenile.
.
There has been an increase in AI and bots that are ingesting informa.docxrelaine1
There has been an increase in AI and bots that are ingesting information and creating their own content. Click the links below and read the content. Then, express your thoughts about this concept. Do you think AI can really take in existing information and create something original? Should the original sources be credited since it is technology driven, or is it similar to a person learning about a topic and creating their own work? How do you think this can evolve in the future?
https://twitter.com/KeatonPatti/status/1072877290902745089
https://twitter.com/KeatonPatti/status/1050396467674968064
.
there could be room for even more stores. Given such concen-.docxrelaine1
there could be room for even more stores. Given such concen-
tration, it is likely to take annual same-store sales increases of
10 percent or more if the company is going to match its historic
overall sales growth. That, as they might say at Starbucks, is a tall
order to fi ll.
Indeed, the crowding of so many stores so close together has
become a national joke, eliciting quips such as this headline in The
Onion , a satirical publication: “A New Starbucks Opens in Rest-
room of Existing Starbucks.” And even the company admits that
while its practice of blanketing an area with stores helps achieve
market dominance, it can cut sales at existing outlets. “We prob-
ably self-cannibalize our stores at a rate of 30 percent a year,”
Schultz says. Adds Lehman Brothers Inc. analyst Mitchell Speiser:
“Starbucks is at a defi ning point in its growth. It’s reaching a level
that makes it harder and harder to grow, just due to the law of large
numbers.”
To duplicate the staggering returns of its fi rst decade, Starbucks
has no choice but to export its concept aggressively. Indeed, some
analysts gave Starbucks only two years at most before it saturates
the U.S. market. The chain now operates 5,507 international out-
lets, from Beijing to Bristol. That leaves plenty of room to grow.
Most of its planned new stores will be built overseas, represent-
ing a 35 percent increase in its foreign base. Most recently, the
chain has opened stores in Vienna, Zurich, Madrid, Berlin, and
even in far-off Jakarta. Athens comes next. And within the next
year, Starbucks plans to move into Mexico and Puerto Rico. But
global expansion poses huge risks for Starbucks. For one thing, it
makes less money on each overseas store because most of them are
operated with local partners. While that makes it easier to start up
on foreign turf, it reduces the company’s share of the profi ts to only
20 percent to 50 percent.
Moreover, Starbucks must cope with some predictable chal-
lenges of becoming a mature company in the United States. After
riding the wave of successful baby boomers through the 1990s,
the company faces an ominously hostile reception from its future
consumers, the twenty- or thirty-somethings of Generation X. Not
only are the activists among them turned off by the power and
image of the well-known brand, but many others say that Star-
bucks’ latte-sipping sophisticates and piped-in Kenny G music are
a real turnoff. They don’t feel wanted in a place that sells designer
coffee at $3 a cup.
Even the thirst of loyalists for high-price coffee cannot be taken
for granted. Starbucks’ growth over the early part of the past de-
cade coincided with a remarkable surge in the economy. Consumer
spending tanked in the downturn, and those $3 lattes were an easy
place for people on a budget to cut back.
Starbucks also faces slumping morale and employee burnout
among its store managers and its once-cheery army of baristas.
Stock options for .
There has been a health outbreak! Choose an at-risk population, .docxrelaine1
There has been a health outbreak! Choose an at-risk population, an epidemic, and respond to the following objectives from the CDC Epidemic Intelligence Service. You are to write a 2- 3 page paper, in APA format, include at least 5 references, and address the objectives below. You will include the primary NCHEC Area of Responsibility and Competency you are addressing in this assignment as a title on the first page of your document. What is the epidemic, who does it adversely affect, what is the first response to this epidemic, etc.
After you complete the paper, create a 1-page outbreak communication flyer, radio announcement, commercial transcript, etc. to release to the public (this is the presentation portion and is a separate submission) (follow the CDC and WHO outline for help, located in the Module 5 Resources).
Possible Epidemics in the US:
Salmonella
Lung injury associated with e-cigarette use or vaping
Listeria
Brucella
Measles
Hepatitis A
Hurricane
Possible Epidemics Outside the US:
Dengue
Polio
Chikungunya
Typhoid fever (drug-resistant)
Hurricane
Situational Awareness
At the start of an investigation, you will need to assess the situation (
11 (Links to an external site.)
). The following steps will help you perform this task quickly:
Identify affected or potentially affected populations (i.e., target audiences)
. Ask yourself, “Who is most at risk by the outbreak or public health threat?” “What populations are most vulnerable or at the highest risk and need to be reached first?”
Identify behavioral factors that might place persons at risk.
Ask yourself, “Are behavioral factors placing persons at risk?” If so, “What are they?” Can you recommend actions that persons and healthcare providers can take to confront these behavioral factors and thus reduce their risk (e.g., get vaccinated or wash their hands frequently)? If the risk is unknown, can you provide information to the public and media about what is being done in the investigation to identify what places persons at risk?
Identify partners who might be able to reach affected persons or populations.
In an ideal situation, strong relationships will exist. However, if such relationships do not yet exist, quickly identify what relationships are crucial for containing and stopping the outbreak. Ask yourself, “Are healthcare providers available who might reach the affected persons or populations quickly?” “Who are the community leaders who can help reach the affected persons or populations?” “Will the public look to specific partners or persons for advice or direction (e.g., religious leaders or local thought leaders)?” Decide who should talk with those influential persons and what the timing should be for doing so.
Identify perceptions in the community that might affect communications
. Listen to community members. Work to get a better understanding of how local authorities, affected persons, and community leaders perceive the situation (
7 (Links to an ext.
There has been a health outbreak! Choose an at-risk population, an e.docxrelaine1
There has been a health outbreak! Choose an at-risk population, an epidemic, and respond to the following objectives from the CDC Epidemic Intelligence Service. You are to write a 2- 3 page paper, in APA format, include at least 5 references, and address the objectives below. You will include the primary NCHEC Area of Responsibility and Competency you are addressing in this assignment as a title on the first page of your document. What is the epidemic, who does it adversely affect, what is the first response to this epidemic, etc.
After you complete the paper, create a 1-page outbreak communication flyer, radio announcement, commercial transcript, etc. to release to the public (this is the presentation portion and is a separate submission) (follow the CDC and WHO outline for help, located in the Module 5 Resources).
Possible Epidemics in the US:
Salmonella
Lung injury associated with e-cigarette use or vaping
Listeria
Brucella
Measles
Hepatitis A
Hurricane
Possible Epidemics Outside the US:
Dengue
Polio
Chikungunya
Typhoid fever (drug-resistant)
Hurricane
Situational Awareness
At the start of an investigation, you will need to assess the situation (
11
). The following steps will help you perform this task quickly:
Identify affected or potentially affected populations (i.e., target audiences)
. Ask yourself, “Who is most at risk by the outbreak or public health threat?” “What populations are most vulnerable or at the highest risk and need to be reached first?”
Identify behavioral factors that might place persons at risk.
Ask yourself, “Are behavioral factors placing persons at risk?” If so, “What are they?” Can you recommend actions that persons and healthcare providers can take to confront these behavioral factors and thus reduce their risk (e.g., get vaccinated or wash their hands frequently)? If the risk is unknown, can you provide information to the public and media about what is being done in the investigation to identify what places persons at risk?
Identify partners who might be able to reach affected persons or populations.
In an ideal situation, strong relationships will exist. However, if such relationships do not yet exist, quickly identify what relationships are crucial for containing and stopping the outbreak. Ask yourself, “Are healthcare providers available who might reach the affected persons or populations quickly?” “Who are the community leaders who can help reach the affected persons or populations?” “Will the public look to specific partners or persons for advice or direction (e.g., religious leaders or local thought leaders)?” Decide who should talk with those influential persons and what the timing should be for doing so.
Identify perceptions in the community that might affect communications
. Listen to community members. Work to get a better understanding of how local authorities, affected persons, and community leaders perceive the situation (
7
). Listen to concerns, critiques, and fears..
There are various types of water pollution. Water pollution occurs w.docxrelaine1
There are various types of water pollution. Water pollution occurs when contaminants enter a water body and the water body becomes impacted; farms, industries, and even homes can be a source of pollution.
Part 1
Pollutants can harm ecosystem function and may also harm human health.
Give 1 example of an environmental pollutant that you have heard about, and explain why it concerns you.
What are its harmful effects?
How did you hear about this pollutant?
Do you feel that adequate steps are being taken to control this type of pollution?
Why or why not?
Part 2
Visit the
EPA's Web site: Final National Priorities List (NPL) Sites - by State
Choose 1 state and 1 superfund site in that state. Using information from the Web site, briefly describe the site, including the following:
Name
Location
Some of the contaminants
Whether the site clean-up is under way or complete
Are human exposures at the site under control? How might you use this type of information about contaminated sites in your area?
List and cite sources in APA style.
Comment substantively on other posts.
.
There areTWOtasks that you would need to do( they are se.docxrelaine1
There are
TWO
tasks that you would need to do( they are separate):
Task 1 (Minimum 300 words):
Discuss the ideas that are essential while designing an organization
.
- Minimum two references.
TASK 2:
Write a reply to the two responses in the attached document ( Response 1 and Response 2) with 150
words for each.
There should be no plagiarism.
Attach a plagiarism report with 0 % similarity index
.
.
There are various identification methods used in the criminal ju.docxrelaine1
There are various identification methods used in the criminal justice system. There are also two different types of evidence used, physical evidence and circumstantial evidence.
This forum examines the reliability of the various methods used and examines the two different types of evidence.
Please thoroughly discuss each of the following:
Discuss the various identification methods used in the criminal justice system. Discuss some of the flaws with eye witness identifications?
What is the difference between physical evidence and circumstantial evidence? Which do you believe is more reliable to a jury? Discuss why.
What are some of the benefits and drawbacks to relying on DNA evidence in a criminal case?
250 words
.
There are various forms of collective violence. These include-.docxrelaine1
There are various forms of collective violence. These include:
-War, terrorism, political conflicts
-Genocide, disappearances, torture, human rights abuses
-Organized violent crime (gangs, etc.)
In order to apply the sociological imagination to this problem, select one of the forms of collective violence, and describe the consequences of that type of collective violence on the macro and micro levels. What might it be like to experience the type of collective violence you selected? Give specifics of how your current life would be affected by this type of violence. What global social problems might be perpetuated by this type of collective violence? Next, propose a possible solution to the global social problems you presented.
.
There are various types of water pollution. Water pollution occu.docxrelaine1
There are various types of water pollution. Water pollution occurs when contaminants enter a water body and the water body becomes impacted; farms, industries, and even homes can be a source of pollution.
Select one topic from the list:
Eutrophication
Acid Rain
Salt Water Intrusion
Discuss the following topics:
Definition of selected pollution topic.
Causes and sources of pollution.
Impacts due to the pollution issue both on the natural environment/ecosystems and human populations.
Recommended
Solution
s to mitigate the problem.
List and cite sources in APA style
.
There are various methods and tools that can be used to improve .docxrelaine1
There are various methods and tools that can be used to improve the accessibility of curriculum for students with disabilities. Augmentative and alternative communication devices as well as other assistive technologies are often used for this purpose. It is important for teachers to understand the options that are available, and that they advocate for students to be provided with the best possible tools to assist them.
Part 1: Measurement Data Lesson Plan
Select a 1-5 grade level, a corresponding Arizona or other state standard based on the Measurement and Data domain, and a group of 3-4 students from the “Class Profile” who would benefit from the use of augmentative and/or alternative communication devices or other forms of assistive technology.
With your identified learning target and small group in mind, complete a lesson plan, using the “COE Lesson Plan Template,” that specifies applicable assistive technology and includes differentiated activities to facilitate students making measurement comparisons, and
· Using models of measuring units; or
· Using measuring instruments; or
· Representing and interpreting the data.
Part 2: Communication Device Rationale
In addition to your completed lesson plan, justify your augmentative and/or alternative communication devices or other forms of assistive technology choices in a 250-500 word rationale.
Support your choices with 2-3 scholarly resources.
.
There are various identification methods used in the criminal justic.docxrelaine1
There are various identification methods used in the criminal justice system. There are also two different types of evidence used, physical evidence and circumstantial evidence.
This forum examines the reliability of the various methods used and examines the two different types of evidence.
Please thoroughly discuss each of the following questions:
1. Discuss the various identification methods used in the criminal justice system. Discuss some of the flaws with eye witness identifications?
2. What is the difference between physical evidence and circumstantial evidence? Which do you believe is more reliable to a jury? Discuss why.
3. What are some of the benefits and drawbacks to relying on DNA evidence in a criminal case?
.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
There Is No Unmarked Woman(originally titled Marked Women, Unma.docx
1. There Is No Unmarked Woman
(originally titled "Marked Women, Unmarked Men")
by Deborah Tannen, The New York Times Magazine, June 20,
1993.
Some years ago I was at a small working conference of four
women and eight men. Instead of concentrating on the
discussion I found myself looking at the three other women at
the table, thinking how each had a different style and how each
style was coherent.
One woman had dark brown hair in a classic style, a cross
between Cleopatra and Plain Jane. The severity of her straight
hair was softened by wavy bangs and ends that turned under.
Because she was beautiful, the effect was more Cleopatra than
plain.
The second woman was older, full of dignity and composure.
Her hair was cut in a fashionable style that left her with only
one eye, thanks to a side part that let a curtain of hair fall
across half her face. As she looked down to read her prepared
paper, the hair robbed her of bifocal vision and created a barrier
between her and the listeners.
The third woman's hair was wild, a frosted blond avalanche
falling over and beyond her shoulders. When she spoke she
frequently tossed her head, calling attention to her hair and
away from her lecture.
Then there was makeup. The first woman wore facial cover that
made her skin smooth and pale, a black line under each eye and
mascara that darkened already dark lashes. The second wore
only a light gloss on her lips and a hint of shadow on her eyes.
2. The third had blue bands under her eyes, dark blue shadow,
mascara, bright red lipstick and rouge; her fingernails flashed
red.
I considered the clothes each woman had worn during the three
days of the conference: In the first case, man-tailored suits in
primary colors with solid-color blouses. In the second, casual
but stylish black T-shirts, a floppy collarless jacket and baggy
slacks or a skirt in neutral colors. The third wore a sexy jump
suit; tight sleeveless jersey and tight yellow slacks; a dress with
gaping armholes and an indulged tendency to fall off one
shoulder.
Shoes? No. 1 wore string sandals with medium heels; No. 2,
sensible, comfortable walking shoes; No. 3, pumps with spike
heels. You can fill in the jewelry, scarves, shawls, sweaters --
or lack of them.
As I amused myself finding coherence in these styles, I
suddenly wondered why I was scrutinizing only the women. I
scanned the eight men at the table. And then I knew why I
wasn't studying them. The men's styles were unmarked.
THE TERM "MARKED" IS a staple of linguistic theory. It
refers to the way language alters the base meaning of a word by
adding a linguistic particle that has no meaning on its own. The
unmarked form of a word carries the meaning that goes without
saying -- what you think of when you're not thinking anything
special.
The unmarked tense of verbs in English is the present -- for
example, visit. To indicate past, you mark the verb by adding ed
to yield visited. For future, you add a word: will visit. Nouns
are presumed to be singular until marked for plural, typically by
adding s or es, so visit becomes visits and dish becomes dishes.
3. The unmarked forms of most English words also convey "male."
Being male is the unmarked case. Endings like ess and ette mark
words as "female." Unfortunately, they also tend to mark them
for frivolousness. Would you feel safe entrusting your life to a
doctorette? Alfre Woodard, who was an Oscar nominee for best
supporting actress, says she identifies herself as an actor
because "actresses worry about eyelashes and cellulite, and
women who are actors worry about the characters we are
playing." Gender markers pick up extra meanings that reflect
common associations with the female gender: not quite serious,
often sexual.
Each of the women at the conference had to make decisions
about hair, clothing, makeup and accessories, and each decision
carried meaning. Every style available to us was marked. The
men in our group had made decisions, too, but the range from
which they chose was incomparably narrower. Men can choose
styles that are marked, but they don't have to, and in this group
none did. Unlike the women, they had the option of being
unmarked.
Take the men's hair styles. There was no marine crew cut or oily
longish hair falling into eyes, no asymmetrical, two-tiered
construction to swirl over a bald top. One man was unabashedly
bald; the others had hair of standard length, parted on one side,
in natural shades of brown or gray or graying. Their hair
obstructed no views, left little to toss or push back or run
fingers through and, consequently, needed and attracted no
attention. A few men had beards. In a business setting, beards
might be marked. In this academic gathering, they weren't.
There could have been a cowboy shirt with string tie or a three-
piece suit or a necklaced hippie in jeans. But there wasn't. All
eight men wore brown or blue slacks and nondescript shirts of
light colors. No man wore sandals or boots; their shoes were
dark, closed, comfortable and flat. In short, unmarked.
4. Although no man wore makeup, you couldn't say the men didn't
wear makeup in the sense that you could say a woman didn't
wear makeup. For men, no makeup is unmarked.
I asked myself what style we women could have adopted that
would have been unmarked, like the men's. The answer was
none. There is no unmarked woman.
There is no woman's hair style that can be called standard, that
says nothing about her. The range of women's hair styles is
staggering, but a woman whose hair has no particular style is
perceived as not caring about how she looks, which can
disqualify her for many positions, and will subtly diminish her
as a person in the eyes of some.
Women must choose between attractive shoes and comfortable
shoes. When our group made an unexpected trek, the woman
who wore flat, laced shoes arrived first. Last to arrive was the
woman in spike heels, shoes in hand and a handful of men
around her.
If a woman's clothing is tight or revealing (in other words,
sexy), it sends a message -- an intended one of wanting to be
attractive, but also a possibly unintended one of availability. If
her clothes are not sexy, that too sends a message, lent meaning
by the knowledge that they could have been. There are
thousands of cosmetic products from which women can choose
and myriad ways of applying them. Yet no makeup at all is
anything but unmarked. Some men see it as a hostile refusal to
please them.
Women can't even fill out a form without telling stories about
themselves. Most forms give four titles to choose from. "Mr."
carries no meaning other than that the respondent is male. But a
woman who checks "Mrs." or "Miss" communicates not only
5. whether she has been married but also whether she has
conservative tastes in forms of address -- and probably other
conservative values as well. Checking "Ms." declines to let on
about marriage (checking "Mr." declines nothing since nothing
was asked), but it also marks her as either liberated or
rebellious, depending on the observer's attitudes and
assumptions.
I sometimes try to duck these variously marked choices by
giving my title as "Dr." -- and in so doing risk marking myself
as either uppity (hence sarcastic responses like "Excuse me!")
or an overachiever (hence reactions of congratulatory surprise
like "Good for you!").
All married women's surnames are marked. If a woman takes
her husband's name, she announces to the world that she is
married and has traditional values. To some it will indicate that
she is less herself, more identified by her husband's identity. If
she does not take her husband's name, this too is marked, seen
as worthy of comment: she has done something; she has "kept
her own name." A man is never said to have "kept his own
name" because it never occurs to anyone that he might have
given it up. For him using his own name is unmarked.
A married woman who wants to have her cake and eat it too may
use her surname plus his, with or without a hyphen. But this too
announces her marital status and often results in a tongue-tying
string. In a list (Harvey O'Donovan, Jonathan Feldman,
Stephanie Woodbury McGillicutty), the woman's multiple name
stands out. It is marked.
I HAVE NEVER BEEN inclined toward biological explanations
of gender differences in language, but I was intrigued to see
Ralph Fasold bring biological phenomena to bear on the
question of linguistic marking in his book "The Sociolinguistics
of Language." Fasold stresses that language and culture are
6. particularly unfair in treating women as the marked case
because biologically it is the male that is marked. While two X
chromosomes make a female, two Y chromosomes make
nothing. Like the linguistic markers s, es or ess, the Y
chromosome doesn't "mean" anything unless it is attached to a
root form -- an X chromosome.
Developing this idea elsewhere, Fasold points out that girls are
born with fully female bodies, while boys are born with
modified female bodies. He invites men who doubt this to lift
up their shirts and contemplate why they have nipples.
In his book, Fasold notes "a wide range of facts which
demonstrates that female is the unmarked sex." For example, he
observes that there are a few species that produce only females,
like the whiptail lizard. Thanks to parthenogenesis, they have
no trouble having as many daughters as they like. There are no
species, however, that produce only males. This is no surprise,
since any such species would become extinct in its first
generation.
Fasold is also intrigued by species that produce individuals not
involved in reproduction, like honeybees and leaf-cutter ants.
Reproduction is handled by the queen and a relatively few
males; the workers are sterile females. "Since they do not
reproduce," Fasold says, "there is no reason for them to be one
sex or the other, so they default, so to speak, to female."
Fasold ends his discussion of these matters by pointing out that
if language reflected biology, grammar books would direct us to
use "she" to include males and females and "he" only for
specifically male referents. But they don't. They tell us that
"he" means "he or she," and that "she" is used only if the
referent is specifically female. This use of "he" as the sex-
indefinite pronoun is an innovation introduced into English by
grammarians in the 18th and 19th centuries, according to Peter
7. Muhlhausler and Rom Harre in "Pronouns and People." From at
least about 1500, the correct sex-indefinite pronoun was "they,"
as it still is in casual spoken English. In other words, the female
was declared by grammarians to be the marked case.
Writing this article may mark me not as a writer, not as a
linguist, not as an analyst of human behavior, but as a feminist -
- which will have positive or negative, but in any case powerful,
connotations for readers. Yet I doubt that anyone reading Ralph
Fasold's book would put that label on him.
I discovered the markedness inherent in the very topic of gender
after writing a book on differences in conversational style based
on geographical region, ethnicity, class, age and gender. When I
was interviewed, the vast majority of journalists wanted to talk
about the differences between women and men. While I thought
I was simply describing what I observed -- something I had
learned to do as a researcher -- merely mentioning women and
men marked me as a feminist for some.
When I wrote a book devoted to gender differences in ways of
speaking, I sent the manuscript to five male colleagues, asking
them to alert me to any interpretation, phrasing or wording that
might seem unfairly negative toward men. Even so, when the
book came out, I encountered responses like that of the
television talk show host who, after interviewing me, turned to
the audience and asked if they thought I was male-bashing.
Leaping upon a poor fellow who affably nodded in agreement,
she made him stand and asked, "Did what she said accurately
describe you?" "Oh, yes," he answered. "That's me exactly."
'And what she said about women -- does that sound like your
wife?" "Oh yes," he responded. "That's her exactly." "Then why
do you think she's male-bashing?" He answered, with disarming
honesty, "Because she's a woman and she's saying things about
men."
8. To say anything about women and men without marking oneself
as either feminist or anti-feminist, male-basher or apologist for
men seems as impossible for a woman as trying to get dressed in
the morning without inviting interpretations of her character.
Sitting at the conference table musing on these matters, I felt
sad to think that we women didn't have the freedom to be
unmarked that the men sitting next to us had. Some days you
just want to get dressed and go about your business. But if
you're a woman, you can't, because there is no unmarked
woman.