Theory(Topdown)
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Top-down listening uses background knowledge such as context, situation, topic, and information presented before and after to understand the meaning of a message. Top-down listening activities include putting pictures or events in order, listening to conversations to identify locations, reading about a topic then listening to find if points are mentioned, and inferring relationships between people. Successful listening relies on combining top-down processing, which uses background knowledge, with bottom-up processing, which focuses on individual sounds and words, to become effective listeners.
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- Active listening means understanding the full message, not just words.
- Teachers should activate students' background knowledge, assess their familiarity with topics, and use questions to focus attention on key elements.
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Theory(Topdown)
Top-down listening uses background knowledge such as context, situation, topic, and information presented before and after to understand the meaning of a message. Top-down listening activities include putting pictures or events in order, listening to conversations to identify locations, reading about a topic then listening to find if points are mentioned, and inferring relationships between people. Successful listening relies on combining top-down processing, which uses background knowledge, with bottom-up processing, which focuses on individual sounds and words, to become effective listeners in real-life or classroom settings.
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