Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory by Erikson. (PPT made by Sidhant Digal, Odisha)

1. Theory of Social and Emotional
development by Erikson: Concept and
Stages
Sidhant Digal
Roll no.- 231920
Section -C
CENTRAL UNIVERSITY
OF HARYANA

2. INTRODUCTION:
- Erik Homburger Erikson (1902-1994)
- was a German-American child Psychoanalysist or
psychologist.
- best known for his theory on Psychosocial development
of Human beings. ( Proposed theory in 1950)
- influenced by Sigmund Freud's controversial
psychosexual development theory and modified it into 8
stage psychosocial theory of development.
- Interested in how childern socialize and how that effects
their sense of self.

3. CONCEPT:
- Theory focuses on how social influences contribute to an
individual's personality through out his entire lifespan.
- During social development an individual passes through
different crisis or conflicts at each stages of of development.
- The way he resolves the crisis, he creates his personality
(that's may be positive or negative aspects of his behaviour).

4. STAGE 1: Trust vs. Mistrust (from birth to 18
months)
● Infancy
● Basic stage of child's development
● Development depends of others (parents,
brothers, sisters, relatives)
● Develops Trust if loved, cared, feeded properly;
trust results him stability , consistency and virtue
of hopes.
● Hopes for future.
● If he misses love, care, feeding, warms up,
affection ; he fears and mistrusts

5. STAGE-2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
(18 months - 3 years) (Toddler years)
● Toddler years.
● Children are focused on developing a greater sense
of self-control.
● Now they start experience themselves and their
environment and discover own bodily strength.
● If they are allowed to discover themselves they
develop self confidence and autonomy. (autonomy
in children include toilet training, picking out their
clothes, deciding what foods they like (or don't
like), and choosing which toys to play with.
● Otherwise the he develops shame and self doubt.

6. ● Food choice, clothing choice
● - child gains will power.
● - Toilet training.
● - Both Parents play major role in this stage.
● - well parented child will develop self
confidence, self-control, optimism.
● - ill parented child will develop stormy self
will, nervous ness, shame and doubt,
negativism.

7. ● Child takes initiative and try out new things present in his
surroundings.
● - purpose generated if he takes right initiative.
● - He can take dicision in future if he learns now.
● - Exploring through playing with toys, and doing activities: (Riding
tricycle, Recall parts of the story, Colouring pictures)
● -Helps mom to dress and undress himself.
● - If encouraged, he follows his interests.
● - If doesn't get encouragement and held back while taking
initiative, he develops guilty and fear to take dicision and
initiative in future.
STAGE-3: Initiative vs. Guit (3 to 5 years)
(Preschool age)

8. STAGE-4: Industry Vs. Inferiority
( 5 to 12 years) (School age)
● - Primary school age
● - He discovers own interests and realise he is
different from others.
● - He want to show that he can do things right.
● - He involves himself in school and sports activities
accordingly develops *Competency* and self
confidence.
● - Recognitions from parents and teachers make him
industrious and hard working.
● - He feel pride on achievements and recognitions.
● - Negative feedbacks make him inferior, fear and
demotivate.
● - Encouragement of teachers, parents and
classmates play vital role.

9. STAGE-5 Identity vs. Role confusion (13-19
years) (Adolescence)
● During adolescence he learns he has different social roles: is a
friend, student, son, grandson, nephew, neighbour, citizen etc.
● - Aware about own self concept basis of social interaction.
● Who am I ? Who can I be?
● - If parents let him out and explore, he constructs and confirms
about his identity. ( Sure about his potential, what should he do?
)
● - Fidelity (निष्ठा)(virtue) develops and faith develops for future.
● - develops Social relationship (peers and role models plays active
role.
● - If they fail to know their identity they confuse about their role.
● - fail in identifying the role, some adolescent take wrong dicision
and attempt suicide.

10. STAGE-6 Intimacy vs. Isolation
(20-40 years) (Early adulthood)
● - Young adulthood stage also called.
● - During the stage person starts making strong and
long term relationship.(shadi, pyar riste)
● - Success leads to strong relationship while failure
results in loneliness and isolation.
● - becomes happy and confident if able to make good
relationship.
● - Otherwise starts feeling isolated, lonely.
● - Friends and partners are now central to his
development.

11. STAGE-7 Generativity vs Stagnation
(40-65 years) Middle Adulthood
● - When reaches 40s he becomes comfortable to
use his leisure time creatively and may be begin
contributing to society.
● - He feels happy when he is able to lead and direct
his next generation.
● -They try to care and help the society. How can I
contribute to the world?
● - He experiences stagnation and becomes
pessimistic if he did not able to resolve previous
conflicts and problems and even did nothing for
the next generation.

12. STAGE-8 Ego integrity vs. Despair
( 65- death) (Old-age)
● - As he grows older he tends to slow down and
begins to look back over his life.
● - He try to remember his past achievements, if he did
well, develops a of feeling of contentment and
integrity.
● - Live life with wisdom and satisfaction till to death.
● - Achievers: satisfy with their achievements.
● Failures: feel their lives were waste.
● - Experiences Despair (Hopeless) and becomes
grumpy(anger, irritate) and bitter if he did not well in
his past stages.
● - People at home and at work who influence the
most.

17. Educational Implications
● Love, care, affection and well feeding from
parents and guidance
● Opportunities for self training, take initiative
● Satisfy child's curiosity
● Develop feeling of hardship
● Self-confidence, self-control
● Support self discovery and exploration, to
form a strong sense of identity.
● Fostering a positive learning environment,
to prevent feeling of inadequacy
● Teachers promote independence and
dicision making skills
● Models of career choices
● Aware about your adult role
● Provide resources
● Transmission of culture and traditions
through social interaction
● Encouragement of healthy relationship
● Encouragement of healthy competition
● Support students who feel discouraged

18. ● In preschool and early elementary education - Teachers’ encouragement to take
initiative.
( Stimulating activities to enhance curiosity and creativity with reinforcement)
● Supportive learning environment to allow students to develop and master skills
● Recogzing and celebrating achievements of students to develop a sense of
competence.
● In adolescence educators can acknowledge and support students’ exploration of
identity.
( By providing opportunities for self exploration, discussing future goals, and
acknowledging their diverse perspectives and views )

19. Questions
1.What is the main focus of Erikson's Psychosocial Development theory?
a) Cognitive development
b) Emotional development
c) Social development
d) Physical development
2. Which stage in Erikson's theory occurs during infancy and centers around
trust vs. mistrust?
a) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
b) Initiative vs. Guilt
c) Trust vs. Mistrust
d) Industry vs. Inferiority

20. 3.During the stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion, adolescents are primarily
concerned with:
a) Developing trust
b) Forming close relationships
c) Establishing a sense of self
d) Achieving intimacy
4. In Erikson's theory, the stage of Generativity vs. Stagnation occurs during:
a) Early adulthood
b) Adolescence
c) Middle adulthood
d) Late adulthood

21. 5.What is the central conflict in Erikson's Intimacy
Bvs. Isolation stage?
a) Establishing a career
b) Forming close, intimate relationships
c) Achieving a sense of identity
d) Balancing work and family life
6. During Erikson's Integrity vs. Despair stage, individuals reflect on:
a) Their accomplishments and life choices
b) Their ability to form close relationships
c) The pursuit of personal goals
d) The development of cognitive abilities