Education theories

1. THEORY THEORIST MEANING IMPLICATION TO EDUCATION IMPLICATION TO HUMAN
Multiple
Intelligences Theory
Howard Gardner):
Gardner's theory proposes
that individuals possess
various types of intelligences,
including linguistic, logical-
mathematical, spatial, bodily-
kinesthetic, musical,
interpersonal, and
intrapersonal intelligence.
Educators should recognize that students
have different strengths and weaknesses
in these various intelligences. To
effectively reach all students, teachers
should use a variety of instructional
approaches that cater to these different
intelligences.
Ecological Systems
Theory
Urie Bronfenbrenner)
Provides a framework for
understanding how individuals
are influenced by their
immediate and broader
environments.
highlights the importance of considering
a student's entire ecosystem, fostering
family and community engagement, and
tailoring educational approaches to
individual needs and cultural contexts.
This theory emphasizes the
influence of various environmental
systems, such as family,
community, and culture, on a
person's development and
learning.
Zone of Proximal
Development
Vygotsky)
Vygotsky's theory suggests
that learning occurs most
effectively in the "zone" where
a learner can accomplish tasks
with guidance or assistance
from a more knowledgeable
person.
This theory focuses on the gap between
what a learner can do independently and
what they can achieve with the guidance
and support of a more knowledgeable
person, such as a teacher or peer.
Experiential
Learning
(Kolb
Experiential learning theory
emphasizes learning through
concrete experiences,
reflective observation, abstract
conceptualization, and active
experimentation.
It encourages students to actively engage
with the material, make connections
between theory and practice, and reflect
on their experiences to deepen their
understanding.
Sociocultural
Theory
Vygotsky):
This theory underscores the
importance of cultural and
social context in learning,
emphasizing that learning is a
collaborative and culturally
mediated process.
theory underscores the importance of
social interaction in learning.
Collaborative learning activities, peer
tutoring, and group discussions can be
valuable tools for promoting learning, as
they provide opportunities for students to
interact, share knowledge, and co-
construct understanding.

2. THEORY THEORIST MEANING IMPLICATION TO EDUCATION IMPLICATION TO HUMAN
Behaviorism B.F. Skinner
Behaviorism focuses on
observable behaviors and the
idea that learning is the result
of stimulus-response
associations. It emphasizes
rewards and punishments in
shaping behavior.
theory that focuses on observable behaviors and
how they can be influenced and changed through
environmental stimuli and reinforcement.
Cognitive
Development Theory
Jean Piaget
Piaget's theory suggests that
children go through stages of
cognitive development and that
learning is an active process of
constructing knowledge
through interaction with the
environment.
Piaget's theory emphasizes that individuals go
through distinct stages of cognitive development,
such as the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete
operational, and formal operational stages.
Educators can use this knowledge to tailor their
teaching methods and materials to match the
cognitive abilities and developmental stage of their
students.
Social Learning
Theory
Albert Bandura
Bandura's theory emphasizes
the role of observational
learning and social influence. It
suggests that individuals learn
by observing and imitating the
behaviors of others.
This theory suggests that individuals learn not only
from their own experiences but also by observing
and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and
emotional reactions of others.
Constructivism
Lev Vygotsky and Jean
Piaget
Constructivism posits that
learners actively build their own
understanding of the world
through experiences and
interactions. Vygotsky's
sociocultural theory emphasizes
the role of social interactions in
learning.
Constructivism emphasizes active participation in
the learning process. In the classroom, this means
students should be engaged in activities that
require them to think critically, problem-solve, and
apply their knowledge rather than passively
receiving information.
Connectivism
George Siemens and
Stephen Downes
Connectivism is a theory that
focuses on the use of
technology and networks to
facilitate learning, emphasizing
the importance of making
connections and accessing
information.
Connectivism shifts the focus from memorizing
facts and content to understanding how to access,
evaluate, and utilize information within a
networked context. Educators should teach
students how to create and maintain connections
and how to critically evaluate the information they
encounter.