Theoritical operations
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Mathematics is used in many aspects of daily life. There are four basic mathematical operations - addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Each operation has a specific process and symbol. For example, addition uses the symbol "+" and involves combining groups of objects, while subtraction uses "-" and refers to finding a missing part of a whole amount. These operations build on each other and strategies can be reversed to solve different types of problems.
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Theoritical Background_operations
Mathematics is found in everyday life and includes four basic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Addition involves combining groups, subtraction removes parts of a whole, multiplication repeats addition of equal groups, and division shares quantities into equal parts. Each operation has specific concepts and can be used to solve word problems through different strategies like take away, missing addend, difference, comparison, quotation, and partition.
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Theoritical Background_operations
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Theoritical operations
- 2. Mathematics is everywhere (Jackman,2005) When we talked about mathematics, we thought about 1, 2, 3 and +, -, ×, ÷. According to Jackman (2005), most of what we do in daily lives are related to mathematics. There are four types of mathematical operations, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
- 3. Addition • The concept of addition is to put things in 2 or more groups together. For example, Annie has 2 apples, Ben has 3 apples. So, Annie and Ben have 5 apples altogether. The symbol of addition is “+”. Addition is related to subtraction. Strategies to solve addition problem can be reverse to solve subtraction problems. Addition 3+2=5 + Subtraction 5–2=3 5–3=2
- 4. Subtraction Van De Walle, Karp and Bay-Williams (2010) emphasized that “subtraction names a missing part”. For example, Christ has 4 balloons, but 1 balloon burst. So Christ has only 3 balloons left. As Professor Romina (2011) mentioned, there are 3 types of subtraction but not only ‘take away’. They include take away, missing addend, difference and comparison. The symbol of subtraction is “-". Take away Melody has 10 pencils, she gives Kitty 5 10 – 5 = ? pencils. How many candy does he have left? Missing addend Alice has 2 eggs but she needs 5 eggs 5 -2 = ? for baking cake . How many more eggs does she need? Difference Sam has 4 books, Lily has 10 books. 10-4= ? and comparison How much more does Lily than Sam? How much less does Sam has than Lily?
- 5. Multiplication Multiplication is related to addition. The concept of multiplication is to add repeatedly or it can be explained deeper as repeated addition of sets with the same amount (Jamieson-proctor, 2011). The symbol of multiplication is “×”. One bag has 3 apples, Alin 3X4=? has 4 bags of apples. How many apples does Alin has? 3 + 3 + 3 +3 = ?
- 6. Division Division is separating things into equal parts. According to MathIsFun (2011), the simple way to explain division is ‘fair sharing’. The symbol of division is “÷”. There are 2 different types of division, quotation and partition. Quotation: Alan has 12 oranges, he 12 ÷ 4 =? A small quantity is wants to give 4 oranges to subtracted from a bigger each of his friends. amount repeatedly to find out the total number of How many friends can get sets can be subtract. Ian’s oranges? Partition: Alice wants to share her cup 10 ÷ 2= ? Separate a number into cakes for her 2 friends and she sets to find out how many has 10 cupcakes. in each set. How many chocolate will each friend get?