This document provides an overview of the Information Age and discusses specific topics related to science, technology, and society. It begins with introducing the Information Age and defining it as the period starting in the late 20th century when information became easily accessible through computers and computer networks. Next, it provides a timeline of major events from 3000 BC to 1997 AD that helped advance the Information Age. It then discusses computers and their evolution and impact, as well as applications of computers in science research like bioinformatics. Finally, it provides tips on evaluating the reliability of websites.
Science Technology and Society Chapter III Lesson 1. This PPT includes complete information about the timeline of information age. Various informations including images were included to further illustrate the timeline or history of information age.
Science Technology and Society Chapter III Lesson 1. This PPT includes complete information about the timeline of information age. Various informations including images were included to further illustrate the timeline or history of information age.
Science, Technology and Society: The information age. All about the improvements of technology, how technology evolved, how science helped the technology and the society. And also how the life of the society makes easier because of science and technology. Science and Technology’s impact in todays world.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
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In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
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Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
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The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
3. Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
Define Information Age;
Discuss the history of Information Age; and
Understanding the factors that need to be considered in
checking website sources.
4. Introduction
Highly modernized, automated, data-driven, and technologically advanced
this best describe our society nowadays, as evidenced by how our society
have been influenced tremendously such as communication, economics,
industry, health, and the environment. Despite our gains due to the
growing development of information technology, the rapid upgrade of
information also has disadvantages. This lesson will discuss the history
and impact of technological advancements to society.
Life is accompanied by endless transmission of information that takes
place within and outside the human body.
Webster’s Encyclopedic Unbridged Dictionary - Information is
“knowledge communicated or obtained concerning a specific fact or
circumstance.”
5. Information Age
Period starting in the last quarter of the 20th century when
information became effortless accessible through publications
and through the management of information by computers and
computer network.
The Information Age is true new age based upon the
Interconnection of computers via telecommunications, with
these information systems operating on both a real-time and as-
needed basis. Furthermore, the primary factors driving this new
age forward are convenience and user-friendliness which, in
turn, will create user dependence (Messenger, J.R., Theory of
Information Age.1982).
6. History
Table 1. Timeline of the Information Age
Year Event
3000 BC Sumerian writing system used pictograph to present words
2900 BC Beginnings of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing
1300 BC Tortoise shell and oracle bone writing were used
500 BC Papyrus roll was used
220 BC Chinese small seal writing was developed
100 AD Book (parchment codex)
105 AD Woodblock printing and paper was invented by the Chinese
1455 Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press using movable
metal type
1755 Samuel Johnson’s dictionary standardized English spelling
1802 • The Library of Congress was established
• Invention pf the carbon are lamp
1824 Research on persistence of vision published
1830s • First viable design for a digital computer
• Augusta Lady Byron writes the world’s first computer program
1837 Invention of the telegraph in Great Britain and the United States
1861 Motion pictures were projected onto a screen
1876 Dewey Decimal system was introduced
1877 Eadweard Muybridge demonstrated high-speed photography
1899 First magnetic recordings was released
1902 Motion pictures special effects were used
1906 Lee DeForest invented the electronic amplifying tube (triode)
1923 Television camera tube was invented by Zvorkyn
1926 First practical sound movie
1939 Regularly scheduled television broadcasting began in the US
1940s Beginnings of information science as a discipline
1945 Vannevar Bush foresaw the invention of hypertext
1946 ENIAC computer was developed
1948 Birth of field-of-information theory proposed by Claude E. Shannon
1957 Planar transistor was developed by Jean Hoerni
1958 First integrated circuit
1960s Library of Congress developed LC MARC (machine-readable code)
1969 UNIX operating system was developed, which could handle multitasking
1971 Intel introduced the first microprocessor chip
1972 Optical laserdisc was developed by Philips and MCA
1974 MCA and Philips Agreed on standard videodisc encoding format
1975 Altair Microcomputer Kit was released: first personal computer for the
public
1977 RadioShack introduced the first complete personal computer
1984 Apple Macintosh computer was introduced
Mid 1980s Artificial intelligence was separated from information science
1987 Hypercard was developed by Bill Atkinson recipe box metaphor
1991 Four hundred fifty complete works of literature on one CDROM was
released
January 1997 RSA (encryption and network security software) Internet security code
cracked for a 48
8. “Truths of the Information Age”, Some facts on the Information Age by
Robert Harris.
1. Information must compete.
2. Newer us equated with truer.
3. Selection is a viewpoint.
4. The media sells what the culture buys.
5. The early word gets the perm.
6. You are what you eat and so is your brain.
7. Anything is great demand will be counterfeited.
8. Ideas are seen as controversial.
9. Undead information walks ever on.
10. Media presence creates the story.
11. The medium selects the message.
12. The whole truth is pursuit.
9. Computer
Computers are among the most important contribution of
advances in the Information Age to society. A computer is an electronic
device that stores and processes data (information). It runs on a program
that contains the exact, step-by-step direction ls to solve a problem
(UShistory.org, 2017).
10. Types of Computer
1. Personal Computer (PC)
- It is the single-user instrument. Known as “microcomputers”
11. Types of Computer
2. Desktop Computer
- It is described as a PC that is not designed for portability.
12. Types of Computer
3. Laptops
- Portable computers that integrate the essentials of a desktop
computer in a battery-powered package. Commonly called
“notebooks”
13. Types of Computer
4. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
- These are tightly integrated computers that usually have no
keyboards but rely on a touch screen for user input.
14. Types of Computer
5. Server
- It refers to a computer that has been improved to provide
network services to other computers.
15. Types of Computer
6. Mainframes
- They are used especially by large firms to describe the large,
expensive machines that process millions of transactions every day.
Although some supercomputers are single computer systems, most
comprise multiple, high performance, parallel computers woking as a
single system
16. Types of Computer
7. Wearable Computers
- They involve materials that are usually integrated into
cellphones, watches, and other small objects or places.
17. The World Wide Web (Internet)
• Claude E. Shannon – “Father of Information Theory”
• Internet – world wide system of interconnected networks that facilitates
data transmission among innumerable computers.
18. Applications of Computers in Science
Research
1. Bioinformatics
• Application of Information technology to store, organize, and
analyze vast amount of biological data.
2. SWISS-PORT protein sequence database
• initiated in 1996 It now has about 70,000 protein sequences from
more than 5,000 model organisms, a small fraction of all known
organisms
19. Applications of Computers in Science
Research
3. Rational drug discovery
• Potential targets for drug development are hypothesized from the
genome sequences. Molecular modeling, which requires a lot of
calculations, has become faster due to the advances in computer
processors and its architecture (Madan, n.d.).
4. Plant biotechnology
• Bioinformatics is found to be useful in the areas indentifiying
diseases resistance genes and designing plants with high nutrition
value (Madan, n.d.).
20. How to Check the Reliability of Web
Sources:
1. Who is the author of the article/site?
2. Who published the site?
3. What is the main purpose of the site? Why did the author
write it and why the publisher post it?
4. Who is the intended audience?
5. What is the quality of information provided on the
website?
21. Examples of Useful and
Reliable Web Sources:
1. AFA e-Newsletter (Alzheimer’s
Foundation of America
newsletter)
2. American Memory
3. Bartleby.com Great Books
Online
4. Chronicling America
5. Cyber Bullying
6. Drug information websites
7. Global Gateway
8. Google Books
9. Googlescholar.com
10. History sites with primary
documents
11. Illinois Digital Archives
12. Internet Archive
13. Internet Archive for CARLI
digitized resources
14. Internet Public Library
15. Ip12
16. Librarians’ Internet Index
17. Making of America
18. Maps
19. NationMaster
20. Nursing sites
21. Project Gutenberg
22. Shmoop
23. StateMaster
24. Virtual Reference
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