This case report compares the histological differences between laser biopsy and scalpel biopsy for a plasma cell gingivitis lesion. A split-mouth design was used where laser biopsy was performed on one side of the mouth and scalpel biopsy on the other side. Histological analysis found that laser biopsy resulted in loss of epithelium and connective tissue margins compared to intact epithelium for scalpel biopsy. Post-operative healing at 30 days showed thicker epithelium and more blood vessels for laser biopsy compared to scalpel biopsy. While laser biopsy provides better hemorrhage control, it can cause thermal artifacts that may impact histological interpretation, particularly for small lesions where margin assessment is important.
“Multiple unilateral submandibular duct calculi: A case report”.navasreni
Sialolithiasis, the formation of calcific concretions in the salivary
duct of a major or minor salivary gland, is a common salivary
gland pathology. These calcifications usually develop in the ductal system of the submandibular salivary gland, but can involve
the parotid gland and, infrequently the ducts of sublingual or minor salivary glands. 1 The size of salivary calculi may vary from
less than 1 mm to a few centimeters in size, with most cases being
less than 10 mm in size.2 Although large and multiple sialoliths
have been reported in the salivary glands, they have been rarely
reported in the salivary duct.2 Here we are reporting a case of
multiple Wharton duct sialolithiasis.
Multiple Submandibular Duct Calculi: A Case Reporteshaasini
Sialolithiasis, the formation of calcific concretions in the salivary
duct of a major or minor salivary gland, is a common salivary
gland pathology. These calcifications usually develop in the ductal system of the submandibular salivary gland, but can involve
the parotid gland and, infrequently the ducts of sublingual or minor salivary glands. 1 The size of salivary calculi may vary from
less than 1 mm to a few centimeters in size, with most cases being
less than 10 mm in size.2 Although large and multiple sialoliths
have been reported in the salivary glands, they have been rarely
reported in the salivary duct.2 Here we are reporting a case of
multiple Wharton duct sialolithiasis
Multiple Submandibular Duct Calculi: A Case Reportkomalicarol
Sialolithiasis, the formation of calcific concretions in the salivary
duct of a major or minor salivary gland, is a common salivary
gland pathology. These calcifications usually develop in the ductal system of the submandibular salivary gland, but can involve
the parotid gland and, infrequently the ducts of sublingual or minor salivary glands. 1 The size of salivary calculi may vary from
less than 1 mm to a few centimeters in size, with most cases being
less than 10 mm in size.2 Although large and multiple sialoliths
have been reported in the salivary glands, they have been rarely
reported in the salivary duct.2 Here we are reporting a case of
multiple Wharton duct sialolithiasis.
“Multiple unilateral submandibular duct calculi: A case report”.navasreni
Sialolithiasis, the formation of calcific concretions in the salivary
duct of a major or minor salivary gland, is a common salivary
gland pathology. These calcifications usually develop in the ductal system of the submandibular salivary gland, but can involve
the parotid gland and, infrequently the ducts of sublingual or minor salivary glands. 1 The size of salivary calculi may vary from
less than 1 mm to a few centimeters in size, with most cases being
less than 10 mm in size.2 Although large and multiple sialoliths
have been reported in the salivary glands, they have been rarely
reported in the salivary duct.2 Here we are reporting a case of
multiple Wharton duct sialolithiasis.
Multiple Submandibular Duct Calculi: A Case Reporteshaasini
Sialolithiasis, the formation of calcific concretions in the salivary
duct of a major or minor salivary gland, is a common salivary
gland pathology. These calcifications usually develop in the ductal system of the submandibular salivary gland, but can involve
the parotid gland and, infrequently the ducts of sublingual or minor salivary glands. 1 The size of salivary calculi may vary from
less than 1 mm to a few centimeters in size, with most cases being
less than 10 mm in size.2 Although large and multiple sialoliths
have been reported in the salivary glands, they have been rarely
reported in the salivary duct.2 Here we are reporting a case of
multiple Wharton duct sialolithiasis
Multiple Submandibular Duct Calculi: A Case Reportkomalicarol
Sialolithiasis, the formation of calcific concretions in the salivary
duct of a major or minor salivary gland, is a common salivary
gland pathology. These calcifications usually develop in the ductal system of the submandibular salivary gland, but can involve
the parotid gland and, infrequently the ducts of sublingual or minor salivary glands. 1 The size of salivary calculi may vary from
less than 1 mm to a few centimeters in size, with most cases being
less than 10 mm in size.2 Although large and multiple sialoliths
have been reported in the salivary glands, they have been rarely
reported in the salivary duct.2 Here we are reporting a case of
multiple Wharton duct sialolithiasis.
Multiple Submandibular Duct Calculi: A Case Reportclinicsoncology
Salivary gland calculi account for the most common disease of the salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections. Sialolith can be unilateral, bilateral, single or multiple.
Multiple Submandibular Duct Calculi: A Case Reportpateldrona
Salivary gland calculi account for the most common disease of the salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections. Sialolith can be unilateral, bilateral, single or multiple.
Multiple Submandibular Duct Calculi: A Case ReportSarkarRenon
Salivary gland calculi account for the most common disease of the salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections. Sialolith can be unilateral, bilateral, single or multiple.
Salivary gland calculi account for the most common disease of the salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections.
Multiple Submandibular Duct Calculi: A Case ReportAnonIshanvi
Salivary gland calculi account for the most common disease of the salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections. Sialolith can be unilateral, bilateral, single or multiple. Depending on the gland affected and stone...
Multiple Submandibular Duct Calculi: A Case Reportgeorgemarini
Salivary gland calculi account for the most common disease of the salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections. Sialolith can be unilateral, bilateral, single or multiple.
The antralpseudocyst originates from the accumulation of serous inflammatory exudate in the sinus membrane without a specific etiology, this cyst has not of age group or gender preference. Radiographically, it is associated with a soft dome-shaped radiopaque pattern. This case is about a male patient of 58 years of age, with increased volume in the malar and left genic region of smooth, fluctuating consistency, which crackles at the pressure. Intraorally with the corresponding increase in volume in the sac, without changes in the oral mucosa. The tomography showed a radiolucent lesion that occupies and destroys left jaw and orbital fl oor. Thus, complete enucleation of the lesion and reconstruction of adjacent structures were performed. Clinical and imaging follow-up was carried out without postoperative complications and 8 years free of injury. It is of vital importance a correct diagnosis to guide the treatment adequately, however it is not necessary to underestimate the behavior of benign lesions and described as non-invasive.
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.12
ABSTRACT- Mucocele is a commonly found benign, mucus-containing cystic lesion of the minor salivary gland caused
due to the damage or blocking of the glands. The damaged duct causes the saliva to build up and a cyst like swelling
ensues. Histologically they are of two types: Extravasation cyst and Retention cyst. Clinically they present themselves as
soft, bluish and transparent cyst like swelling especially on the lower lip. This case report presents a case of a 35 year old
male patient reporting with a soft bluish swelling on the inside of the lower lip. The history revealed the patients habit of
biting on the lower lip hence a differential diagnosis of mucocele, oral hemangioma, oral lympangioma, lipoma, and soft
tissue abscess was made. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed increase in amylase and protein content. A final
diagnosis was formulated as mucocele from the history of trauma, clinical features, and investigation (chemical analysis).
Complete excision of the lesion was done and sent for histopathological investigation which revealed a mucin-filled
cyst-like cavity beneath the mucosal surface. The patient was kept under observation for 3 months. The healing was
devoid of any scar formation commonly associated with such surgery’s. There was no recurrence of the cyst after 6
months. Alternative treatment modalities are cryosurgery, intralesional steroid injections. Key-words- Mucocele, Cyst, Salivary Retention, Salivary glands, Duct
Endoscopic techniques have been widely adopted in sinus and skull base surgery replacing the traditional intracranial/extracranial approaches. However, one of the most common complication is an iatrogenic Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) leak, which places the patient at risk for meningitis, pneumocephalus and brain herniation. The instant intraoperative CSF leak diagnosis and consequent repair is crucial to avoid these complications. Traditionally, intrathecal fl uorescein injection was utilized to aid in the diagnosis. However, this technique is not FDA approved and encompasses major drawbacks (seizure, lower extremity paresis, cranial nerve palsies and patient discomfort).The purpose of this case series is to introduce a new diagnostic paradigm using topical fl uorescein strips “FLUORETS”. It has shown promising prospects due to its safety, accuracy and sensitivity in identifying CSF leaks.
ABSTRACT- Introduction: Leprosy one of the oldest and chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium
leprae. Leprosy is widely prevalent in India. Most of the cases present as hypopigmented patches or erythematous
lesions over skin. However on histopathology these lesions show a wide spectrum of changes and variations.
Material And Methods: A retrospective study of diagnosed cases of leprosy on skin biopsy in Department of
Pathology, S Nijalingappa Medical College from January 2015 to January 2016. Total of 63 cases were re-evaluated
and classified according to Ridley-Jopling classification.
Results: Lesions were most oftenly seen in middle aged patients and most common symptom was hypopigmented patch
(68.2%). Based on Ridley-Jopling classification, most cases were lepromatous leprosy (23.8%) followed by borderline
lepromatous type (22.2%), indeterminate type (22.2%), tuberculoid leprosy (6.3%), borderline tuberculoid leprosy
(17.4%) and borderline borderline leprosy (7.9%). Wade-Fite staining was done in 42 cases out of which 17 cases
showed positive for acid-fast bacilli. Also noted that the bacilli load was >2+ in lepromatous spectrum.
Conclusion: Histopathology remains the important tool to diagnose the subtype of leprosy lesions. Lepromatous
leprosy is most often associated with high bacterial load.
Key-words- Histomorphological Spectrum, Lepromatous spectrum, Mycobacterium leprae, Leprosy
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Multiple Submandibular Duct Calculi: A Case Reportclinicsoncology
Salivary gland calculi account for the most common disease of the salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections. Sialolith can be unilateral, bilateral, single or multiple.
Multiple Submandibular Duct Calculi: A Case Reportpateldrona
Salivary gland calculi account for the most common disease of the salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections. Sialolith can be unilateral, bilateral, single or multiple.
Multiple Submandibular Duct Calculi: A Case ReportSarkarRenon
Salivary gland calculi account for the most common disease of the salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections. Sialolith can be unilateral, bilateral, single or multiple.
Salivary gland calculi account for the most common disease of the salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections.
Multiple Submandibular Duct Calculi: A Case ReportAnonIshanvi
Salivary gland calculi account for the most common disease of the salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections. Sialolith can be unilateral, bilateral, single or multiple. Depending on the gland affected and stone...
Multiple Submandibular Duct Calculi: A Case Reportgeorgemarini
Salivary gland calculi account for the most common disease of the salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections. Sialolith can be unilateral, bilateral, single or multiple.
The antralpseudocyst originates from the accumulation of serous inflammatory exudate in the sinus membrane without a specific etiology, this cyst has not of age group or gender preference. Radiographically, it is associated with a soft dome-shaped radiopaque pattern. This case is about a male patient of 58 years of age, with increased volume in the malar and left genic region of smooth, fluctuating consistency, which crackles at the pressure. Intraorally with the corresponding increase in volume in the sac, without changes in the oral mucosa. The tomography showed a radiolucent lesion that occupies and destroys left jaw and orbital fl oor. Thus, complete enucleation of the lesion and reconstruction of adjacent structures were performed. Clinical and imaging follow-up was carried out without postoperative complications and 8 years free of injury. It is of vital importance a correct diagnosis to guide the treatment adequately, however it is not necessary to underestimate the behavior of benign lesions and described as non-invasive.
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.12
ABSTRACT- Mucocele is a commonly found benign, mucus-containing cystic lesion of the minor salivary gland caused
due to the damage or blocking of the glands. The damaged duct causes the saliva to build up and a cyst like swelling
ensues. Histologically they are of two types: Extravasation cyst and Retention cyst. Clinically they present themselves as
soft, bluish and transparent cyst like swelling especially on the lower lip. This case report presents a case of a 35 year old
male patient reporting with a soft bluish swelling on the inside of the lower lip. The history revealed the patients habit of
biting on the lower lip hence a differential diagnosis of mucocele, oral hemangioma, oral lympangioma, lipoma, and soft
tissue abscess was made. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed increase in amylase and protein content. A final
diagnosis was formulated as mucocele from the history of trauma, clinical features, and investigation (chemical analysis).
Complete excision of the lesion was done and sent for histopathological investigation which revealed a mucin-filled
cyst-like cavity beneath the mucosal surface. The patient was kept under observation for 3 months. The healing was
devoid of any scar formation commonly associated with such surgery’s. There was no recurrence of the cyst after 6
months. Alternative treatment modalities are cryosurgery, intralesional steroid injections. Key-words- Mucocele, Cyst, Salivary Retention, Salivary glands, Duct
Endoscopic techniques have been widely adopted in sinus and skull base surgery replacing the traditional intracranial/extracranial approaches. However, one of the most common complication is an iatrogenic Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) leak, which places the patient at risk for meningitis, pneumocephalus and brain herniation. The instant intraoperative CSF leak diagnosis and consequent repair is crucial to avoid these complications. Traditionally, intrathecal fl uorescein injection was utilized to aid in the diagnosis. However, this technique is not FDA approved and encompasses major drawbacks (seizure, lower extremity paresis, cranial nerve palsies and patient discomfort).The purpose of this case series is to introduce a new diagnostic paradigm using topical fl uorescein strips “FLUORETS”. It has shown promising prospects due to its safety, accuracy and sensitivity in identifying CSF leaks.
ABSTRACT- Introduction: Leprosy one of the oldest and chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium
leprae. Leprosy is widely prevalent in India. Most of the cases present as hypopigmented patches or erythematous
lesions over skin. However on histopathology these lesions show a wide spectrum of changes and variations.
Material And Methods: A retrospective study of diagnosed cases of leprosy on skin biopsy in Department of
Pathology, S Nijalingappa Medical College from January 2015 to January 2016. Total of 63 cases were re-evaluated
and classified according to Ridley-Jopling classification.
Results: Lesions were most oftenly seen in middle aged patients and most common symptom was hypopigmented patch
(68.2%). Based on Ridley-Jopling classification, most cases were lepromatous leprosy (23.8%) followed by borderline
lepromatous type (22.2%), indeterminate type (22.2%), tuberculoid leprosy (6.3%), borderline tuberculoid leprosy
(17.4%) and borderline borderline leprosy (7.9%). Wade-Fite staining was done in 42 cases out of which 17 cases
showed positive for acid-fast bacilli. Also noted that the bacilli load was >2+ in lepromatous spectrum.
Conclusion: Histopathology remains the important tool to diagnose the subtype of leprosy lesions. Lepromatous
leprosy is most often associated with high bacterial load.
Key-words- Histomorphological Spectrum, Lepromatous spectrum, Mycobacterium leprae, Leprosy
Similar to The_histological_observation_of_laser_biopsy.18.pdf (14)
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. Mahalingam: Laser versus scalpel biopsy
300 Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology - Volume 26, Issue 3, May-June 2022
Figure 2: Laser biopsy shows loss of epithelium (A); with plasma cells
infiltration (B)
Figure 4: Laser on day 30 healing site. Thickened epithelium (A); with rich blood
vessels (B)
Figure 3: Scalpel on day 30 healing site. Thinned epithelium (A); with minimal
blood vessels (B)
noncontributory and hemogram reports were normal. On
examination, marginal gingiva and interdental papilla on the
labial aspect of the maxillary anterior region in relation to
tooth numbers 11, 12, and 21 appeared reddish, enlarged and
extended into the attached gingiva. The lesion was painless,
soft, and bleeds on palpation, and part of treatment oral
prophylaxis was done, and the patient was asked to report
after 2 weeks for review. On review of the patient, there was no
recovery of the lesion and provisionally diagnosed as plasma
cell gingivitis. Patient consent form obtained and planned
for excisional biopsy with scalpel in tooth number 11, 12 and
diode laser in tooth number 21 and patient asked to report after
1 month for review. Scalpel biopsy specimen [Figure 1] showed
stratified squamous epithelium with underlying connective
tissue densely infiltrated with plasma cells. Laser biopsy
specimen [Figure 2] showed loss of epithelium with underlying
connective tissue densely infiltrated with plasma cells.
Postoperative review on day 30, the lesion was subsided, and
histological healing was assessed on both scalpel and laser
surgical sites. The postsurgical healing site specimen with
scalpel [Figure 3] showed thinned epithelium with fewer blood
vessels and with laser [Figure 4] showed thickened epithelium
with numerous blood vessels.
DISCUSSION
Oral biopsy is a critical diagnostic aid when the lesions cannot
be diagnosed based on history and clinical examination.[8]
It
is helpful to establish a definitive diagnosis and prognosis on
premalignant or malignant lesions and make sure the lesion has
been completely removed.[9]
Oral biopsies can be taken in many
techniques, whatever the method, the ultimate goal is to give
typical sample to the pathologist for interpretation and provide
perioperative comfort to patients. In case a defective sample of
specimen can make faulty diagnosis leads to treatment failure
and recurrence of the lesion.[10]
Traditionally, the scalpel has been considered the gold standard
technique because of its precision control and preservation
of tissue integrity. Later, laser was proven to be easy to use,
efficient, cost‑effective, and produce heat during a procedure
causes drying, vaporization, and carbonization that leads to
protein denaturation and coagulation at the surgical site, this
seals the blood vessels and inhibits pain receptors that reduces
pain and inflammation, and it also disinfects the surgical site
and improves wound healing.[3]
In the present case report, biopsy was compared between
laser and scalpel surgical techniques on plasma cell gingivitis
of the same patient. For laser surgical technique, Diode
Laser was used at wavelength of 810 nm in pulsed mode
Figure 1: Scalpel biopsy shows stratified squamous epithelium (A); with plasma
cells infiltration (B)
3. Mahalingam: Laser versus scalpel biopsy
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology - Volume 26, Issue 3, May-June 2022 301
with 200 µm fiber and output power of 3.5W CW, it causes
minimal bleeding with more surgical time, in scalpel surgery,
there was profuse bleeding with less surgical time was taken,
and the patient was comfortable in both laser and scalpel
surgeries. Histopathological results of laser specimen showed
loss of epithelium, loss of margin of connective tissue, and the
remaining connective tissue infiltrated with plasma cells. In
scalpel specimen, epithelium was intact and connective tissue
was infiltrated with plasma cells. On postoperative day 30, laser
biopsy specimen showed thickened epithelium with numerous
blood vessels in connective tissue, and in scalpel specimen
showed thinned epithelium with few blood vessels in surgical
site, postoperative healing was good with laser.
Yanduri conducted a study on laser versus scalpel biopsy
technique in the oral lesion and reported that laser has an
advantage of providing hemostasis during surgery compared
to scalpel. On the other hand, overheat was produced by the
laser can cause damage to the epithelium and connective
tissue (fulguration artifact). A specimen with fulguration
artifact is associated with epithelial loss, and it also affects the
nuclei of cells causes spindled, palisading, and hyperchromatic
nuclei. This change can mimic the appearance of epithelial
dysplasia and lead to an incorrect histopathological diagnosis,
it occurs especially at the margins, which are extremely
important for the clinician in terms of the presence/absence of
dysplasia and invasion. Finally, he stated that the use of a laser
should be limited to excisional biopsies with relatively large
sample size where the adequate margin is available and used
with low power laser, which was effectively decrease the risk
of separating the epithelium from the basement membrane.[1]
Bhatsange also reported that laser produces thermal artifacts
that may interfere with histologic interpretation of the lesion
and it should be used with caution for diagnostic biopsy or
when information from the margins is required.[3]
The presence or absence of epithelium in conditions such
as epithelial dysplasia and epithelial invasion is extremely
important in the histopathological evaluation of premalignant
and malignant lesions. One of the major disadvantages of laser
in biopsy with respect to the damage occurs at the margins of
the lesion.[1]
This laser‑tissue interaction at the margins may
produce some artifactual changes, such as thermal damage
and coagulation which may impair the histopathological
diagnosis.[2]
CONCLUSION
Biopsy is a vital tool to diagnose oral mucosal lesion, although
many techniques exist to harvest biopsy specimen, the
ultimate goal is to obtain an ideal tissue sample to facilitate
histopathological interpretation. Laser although provide
good operative field with wound healing should be cautious
on smaller lesion due to marginal damage of the biopsy
specimen, because many of the oral lesions originated from
oral epithelium.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate
patient consent forms. In the form, the patient(s) has/have
given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and
other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The
patients understand that their names and initials will not be
published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity,
but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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9. Sciubba JJ. Oral cancer. The importance of early diagnosis and
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