The document outlines the writing and revision process in three main steps:
1. Organization - Writers organize their thoughts systematically according to the type of paper, such as informative or argumentative. Organization ensures a clear purpose, logical structure, and clear conclusion.
2. Crafting paragraphs - Paragraphs are groups of related sentences that develop a controlling idea expressed in a topic sentence. Each paragraph must relate its idea to the overall thesis.
3. Revision - Revision improves meaning and clarity. Writers review for issues like thesis, organization, and coherence, focusing on one issue at a time to strengthen communication for readers.
in these slides you will find presentation on writing skills,
which in includes introduction of writing skills , some quotes on writing skills of famous writers , how to improve writing skills , usage of writing skills in modern age and etc.
Writing skills are an important part of communication. Good writing skills allow you to communicate your message with clarity and ease to a far larger audience than through face-to-face or telephone conversation.
in these slides you will find presentation on writing skills,
which in includes introduction of writing skills , some quotes on writing skills of famous writers , how to improve writing skills , usage of writing skills in modern age and etc.
Writing skills are an important part of communication. Good writing skills allow you to communicate your message with clarity and ease to a far larger audience than through face-to-face or telephone conversation.
this is the ppt on reading skill by harshid panchal.
about me : i'm the student of gandhinagar institute of technology.i made this ppt with the help of my friend dhrumil patel. .special thanx for him. ..
https://harshidpanchalhp.wordpress.com/
Reference Link:
https://myassignmenthelp.com/blog/editing-vs-proofreading/
For Order: https://myassignmenthelp.com/Home/
Email id:
contact@myassignmenthelp.com
You must have heard about proofreading and editing several times, but do you really know whether they are the same or different? If you also believe these two tasks are the same, then, you need to change that thought immediately. Yes! Both are completely different. There are significant differences between proofreading and editing. To develop a refined and superior-quality paper, both of these processes are very important. If you are still confused about the two, then, read this blog.
These slides deals with another primary skill in linguistics. Why we write and what is purpose of writing..What are the process in which people write. and how we analyse it...and most importantly what are the types in writing and their exercises.
this is the ppt on reading skill by harshid panchal.
about me : i'm the student of gandhinagar institute of technology.i made this ppt with the help of my friend dhrumil patel. .special thanx for him. ..
https://harshidpanchalhp.wordpress.com/
Reference Link:
https://myassignmenthelp.com/blog/editing-vs-proofreading/
For Order: https://myassignmenthelp.com/Home/
Email id:
contact@myassignmenthelp.com
You must have heard about proofreading and editing several times, but do you really know whether they are the same or different? If you also believe these two tasks are the same, then, you need to change that thought immediately. Yes! Both are completely different. There are significant differences between proofreading and editing. To develop a refined and superior-quality paper, both of these processes are very important. If you are still confused about the two, then, read this blog.
These slides deals with another primary skill in linguistics. Why we write and what is purpose of writing..What are the process in which people write. and how we analyse it...and most importantly what are the types in writing and their exercises.
Slideshare, es como el "youtube" de las presentaciones online (powerpoint y openoffice)
Es una aplicación de web 2.0 que permite publicar presentaciones y conformar comunidades
"La naturaleza humana no es una máquina que hace lo que se le ordena, sino un arbol que necesita crecer y desarrollarse por todos lados, según la tendencia de las fuerzas internas que la convierten en un ser vivo"
Para vivir, aprender y trabajar con éxito en una sociedad cada vez más compleja, rica en información y basada en el
conocimiento, los estudiantes y los docentes deben utilizar la tecnología digital con eficacia. En un contexto educativo
sólido, las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) pueden ayudar a los estudiantes a adquirir las
capacidades necesarias para llegar a ser:
• competentes para utilizar tecnologías de la información;
• buscadores, analizadores y evaluadores de información;
• solucionadores de problemas y tomadores de decisiones;
• usuarios creativos y eficaces de herramientas de productividad;
• comunicadores, colaboradores, publicadores y productores; y
• ciudadanos informados, responsables y capaces de contribuir a la sociedad.
En los últimos años se han desarrollado verdaderas teorías del aprendizaje que pueden ofrecer información valiosa a la educación. Cada teoría representa sus principios generales y resume observaciones sobre la conducta general del ser humano.
La teoría debe orientar el pensamiento, sistematizar principios, resolver problemas y generar nuevas tendencias de investigación en los que refiere al proceso de aprendizaje.
Check a comprehensive list of MBA dissertation topics on various fields. Start your MBA thesis with a great topic. Visit: http://www.mbadissertation.org/
For this essay, you will examine a text thoroughly (likely a portion.docxmecklenburgstrelitzh
For this essay, you will examine a text thoroughly (likely a portion of a text), and then write a single, thesis-driven analysis of it based on your observations, interpretations, and/or applications of the ideas that you have uncovered, thereby revealing the significance of your chosen text.
By “
text
,” I mean “object of study that can be read as a text.” In other words, a text can be a printed work, image, ad/political campaign, place, television program, film, video game, public figure, and so forth (this list is not comprehensive). It is
very likely
that you will only be working with a portion of any longer texts (for instance, it’s best to examine a
scene
from a film, rather than a whole film or a single idea in an essay, rather than the whole essay). By “
thesis
,” I mean a creative,
argumentative
main claim that carries some cultural significance to it. By “
observations, interpretations, and applications
,” I mean the
evidence
that you are examining and the explicit meaning that you are drawing from it (i.e. what does your evidence prove and how does it connect with your main claim and/or subclaims?). By “
significance
,” I mean the answer to the question “So what?” or “Why does it matter that we understand your text in the way that you have argued?” or “What
changes
as a result of understanding your text in the way that you do?” or “Why do we care?”
Objects of Study:
You may examine…
·
any portion of the written texts on the syllabus
·
a “cultural, textual artifact” such as a television episode, film, sculpture, painting, place, advertisement or ad campaign, or video game
Given the freedom of choice regarding your objects of study, make absolutely certain that you cite/document properly, both for the in-text (parenthetical) citations and on the
required
works cited page. (See the MLA guidelines sheets on Blackboard and visit Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab; I should also mention, although I hope that it is not necessary, that it could be useful to review the University’s policies regarding plagiarism).
Hints and Advice:
We have discussed this semester how the “lens” through which you look at an object of study focuses “how” you see and make meaning out of it. One way to analyze a text in a new way (and to have a new idea/thesis/main claim) is pick a new lens through which to examine your text. Some examples include: power relationships, hierarchies, language, class, race, gender, sexuality, age, technology, communication, public/private, spirituality, stereotypes/archetypes, materialism/idealism, consumerism, inside/outside, space … the list goes on. All of these lenses play significant roles in image-making or representation in culture and might help you in examining your chosen text.
You may choose to compare or address issues of representation in two or more different texts (for instance, texts that seem to have different purposes, but communicate those purposes in similar ways; or texts that seem .
Link here for the Google Slide version that is often updated: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1lfwqsbgxQ-6TDkiheTGGExNbOetYKg5MbmHuufXflpE/edit?usp=sharing
This is an updated version of my former thesis statement slideshow. It shows students how to begin developing a thesis statement and what to consider along the way.
PROBLEM Suppose a manager for X Corporation is having a hard time.docxbriancrawford30935
PROBLEM: Suppose a manager for X Corporation is having a hard time keeping employees. The company is striving to be an industry leader in consumer products and packaging, appealing to the millennial consumer, across the globe. As a UD intern, you suggest X Corporation implements an assessment of ability and/or personality to screen applicants better. Your manager sets your to work, exploring different ability assessments tied in with the job application process.
For this one-page paper, you will explore the hiring practice of multinational corporation Procter and Gamble (which we will say is a competitor to X Corporation!)
1. Go to the website: http://us.pgcareers.com/ Explore opportunities. What internship or co-op might be appropriate for you? Select a specific opportunity.
2. Then, explore their hiring process: http://pgcareers.com/apply/our-hiring-process/
3. What are their assessments?
4.Take the reasoning practice test. Make sure you time yourself, and truly test yourself. How did you do? What are your strengths and weaknesses?
4. Explore ways in which you can improve your score. What options are available on the internet?
5. (Consider actually applying to an internship at P&G. If you do an complete any assessments, please share your results.)
6. Do you think these are fair assessments of one's ability to work at that environment? Why? Why not? Prepare a one-page report for your "supervisor" where you share your results, and persuade him/her to/not to implement an applicant screening process.
Again, this should be a ONE PAGE paper, single spaced, with sources cited and electronically linked.
20% of your grade will be howprofessionallyyou present your paper, with visual interest.
Department of Philosophy
Florida Atlantic University
Rev. 7-17
1
Essay Writing for this Course
Classes in the Humanities all plan, in some way, to help you develop your writing skills. Many careers you might pursue are heavily
dependent upon your ability to argue your point of view.
We all know everyone has a point of view and has the right to express that view in a socially recognizable manner, and many important
issues on which we have an opinion require far more than 140 characters to be expressed effectively. That is why we still study the
essay form of writing in Humanities courses. The essay is a form of writing that reaches back to 1580, when French philosopher
Michele de Montaigne first published his Essays on topics such as “Of the Custom of Wearing Clothes,” “Of Cannibals,” and “Of the
Inconvenience of Greatness.” Montaigne’s object was to express himself to people he would never meet through his writing. When
you can express yourself in a way that any person who might pick up your paper will easily understand you, writing can make you
influential among colleagues and fellow members of your community.
We all ‘know how to write,’ but there is a mile of difference between being able to write a 5-sentence profile de.
Term Research PaperOne of the primary goals of this course is to.docxmehek4
Term Research Paper
One of the primary goals of this course is to give students a broad understanding of the different components and the current state of the criminal justice system. Given however the number of components and the complexity of topics in the criminal justice field, another aim of this course is to guide students into becoming experts in one or more very specific areas.
*You are expected to work independently on this paper throughout the duration of the course (this paper should be a work in progress throughout the term, if left until the end, it will conflict with your other exams/assignments). For this paper, each student is required to identify one specific topic of their interest and write a term paper. THE TOPIC FOR YOUR TERM PAPER CAN EITHER FOCUS ON AN ISSUE (e.g. the low ratio of women to men as state police officers, the use of bail as a proxy for discrimination based on race and poverty), OR SIMPLY DESCRIBE THE HISTORY/CURRENT STATE OF A CERTAIN AREA OF A COMPONENT OF THE SYSTEM (e.g. the police’s use of recording devices, riots in prisons, work programs in prison, increased militarization of the police). BE SURE TO SPECIFY IN YOUR PAPER, WHICH OF THESE TWO GOALS YOU ARE TRYING TO ACCOMPLISH. Finding a topic that is narrow is crucial (e.g. officers accepting small gratuities, media coverage of mass murders). A large and vague topic is likely to produce a vague and low quality paper (e.g. discrimination in the CJ system is a large an vague topic). YOU MUST, PERSONALLY, OR THROUGH EMAIL, CONFIRM YOUR TOPIC WITH ME BY THE END OF THE THIRD WEEK OF THE COURSE.
First, introduce this topic (i.e., introduce the topic to a casual reader), being sure to present evidence (from the literature) that supports your conclusion that the problem is worthy of concern (How serious is the problem? How common is the problem? And so on). This section should be about a page. Then summarize the available literature on the topic. It is wise to organize this review with appropriate subheadings to help you organize this information (e.g. historical overview, the role of certain key issues such as race or gender, as they relate to your topic, the role of policy, or whatever subheadings best fit your topic). Your review of the literature should constitute at least 5-6 pages of your paper. The last section of your paper—the discussion, should summarize the findings in your literature review and should include your own conclusion regarding your topic. This section gives you the opportunity to add your own opinion, based of course on what you have found in the literature.
Your paper should have at least 8 scholarly sources (most of which will be journal articles or books) cited throughout the paper, and contain a bibliography at the end.
As we review each week's chapters, I highly suggest being on the lookout for possible topics for your paper. As soon as you have one, email me so that I can approve it. Note: You may also identify topics from f ...
Presented by the UT student chapter of the Institute of Transportation Engineers, this 3-hour workshop featured a presentation by D-STOP’s Dr. Stephen Boyles.
Research article Writing - Requirements, some hints and suggestionsJeeva Theesar
I prepared this presentation for my students to give insight on writing a research article. The presentation gives details on requirements, some hints the procedure to be followed and suggestions to write a good manuscript.
Some of the texts are already presented in various research articles. I have given proper reference to it. In my experience, I have put my own suggestions towards writing a better article.
Have a successful writing....
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
1. The Writing Process Writing is a task that no two people do the same way. However, there are some logical steps that every writer seems to follow in the creation of a paper. The process described here outlines those basic steps. Keep in mind that these steps are not exclusive of each other, and at times they can be rather liquid. Also, writers will notice that most of these steps are reciprocal; that is, work done in one area may necessitate returning to a step that you have already
completed.
Organization When writers talk about organization, they are talking about arranging thoughts systematically in an orderly, functional way in order to create a harmonious or united action. Your paper should be arranged so that your purpose is clear, your thesis logically stated and developed, and your final conclusion plainly drawn from the preceding material. Of course, different kinds of papers call for different organizations. A paper arguing a political position will be organizationally different from a paper explaining the migratory patterns of African swallows. Two kinds of papers that you will encounter often are the informative paper and the argumentative paper. Informative paper The informative paper basically states
This is way things are. This is how they work. This is how to use them.
This kind of paper will often be organized in one of the following ways:Codified order: Present information and ideas in a sequential or other logical order A potato can be fried, baked, or boiled.Definition: Arrange the information around a definition.Good potatoes are the product of planning, preparation, and presentation.Classification: Arrange examples in varietiesTwo types of potatoes are sweet and red.Comparison: Demonstrate similarities between two or more people or things.Julienned and sliced potatoes are alike in . . . Contrast: Demonstrate differences between two or more people or thingsJulienned and sliced potatoes differ in . . . Argumentative/Persuasive paper The argumentative paper states a premise and then gives support for that premise. This kind of paper will often be organized in one of the following ways: Induction: Infer a general principle from a group of examplesPotatoes with the skin on are more flavorful than skinned potatoes.Deduction: Infer a group of effects given a general principle (i.e. Cause/Effect).Leaving the skin on the potatoes produces more flavorful results.Sign: Establish that one thing indicates the presence or action of anotherOver-seasoned potatoes is a sign of bad potatoes or an incompetent cook.Analogy: Compare one topic to another seemingly unrelated topic to illuminate a relationship In the same way that a good blueprint is the foundation of success in building a bridge, thorough planning is the foundation of a successful potato torte. THE THESIS IS YOUR FRIEND! One of the most common problems of organization is including extraneous material. As you are composing the body of your paper--perhaps following the structures illustrated above--make sure that every paragraph you write puts forward the idea of thesis. If a paragraph does not clearly support or further the argument of the thesis, it does not belong in the paper. Following this rule will prevent you from discussing unrelated material. Remember, always keep the thesis in mind:Tape it to the wall in front of your deskWrite it on top of every page that you writeWrite it on your arm Once you have organized your thoughts, you should begin to think about crafting paragraphs and introducing and concluding your paper. Crafting Paragraphs Just what exactly are we talking about here? A paragraph is a group of sentences that are related to each other because they all refer to a controlling idea; this idea is often expressed in a topic sentence, a sentence that functions in a paragraph much like a thesis statement functions in a paper. Paragraphs work together to develop the controlling idea established by the HYPERLINK
http://www.csuohio.edu/academic/writingcenter/thesis.html
thesis. Consider the following example:Thesis statement People in the past spent a great deal of effort protecting themselves from evil potatoes.Topic sentence for a typical paragraph Anti-evil-potato devices were understandably numerous since every bad thing that happened could be blamed on the power of an evil potato.Subject of paragraph Anti-evil-potato devicesRelation to controlling idea People's fear of evil potatoes forced them to devise equipment to keep evil potatoes away. O.K. So, why do I want one? The paragraph is a unit of organization and development. This structure is used to fully explore set of sub-topics that a thesis statement suggests. Each paragraph develops a specific idea that supports the thesis statement; it also connects that idea to the other ideas presented in the paper. Paragraphs can develop and unify a set of ideas in many different ways: writers must simply make sure that their reader understands how all the paragraphs in a paper work together to achieve the writer's purpose. Where am I supposed to put this thing when I get one? Hopefully, you will collect several of these items into a paper of some kind. How you store your paragraphs is very important. Each paragraph must be separated from the others by means of indentation. Remember that each paragraph must also relate its distinct idea about the thesis to the ideas developed in other paragraphs. (No paragraphs about Han Solo and Princess Leia in a paper about the soil conditions of Ireland during the famine.) Where can I get some? Unfortunately, you still have to produce these things yourself. What follows is largely based on information from The Allyn & Bacon Handbook; often, writers go through this
process
after they have completed a draft.Decide what the paragraph will deal with:Since each paragraph begins with a specific purpose (to explore a distinct sub-topic of the thesis), each topic sentence should be specific and clear. The HYPERLINK
http://www.csuohio.edu/academic/writingcenter/organize.html
organizational pattern of your paper (based mainly upon the type of paper you are writing) will help you decide what issues you should deal with and in what order to deal with them.Think about all the issues that this paragraph should deal with:Each sentence within a specific paragraph must support the idea posited by the topic sentence. As you reflect on a particular paragraph, ask yourself,
What are the issues involved in this topic? How does this relate to my overall controlling idea? Do my sentences adequately explore this topic sentence?
Think about the purpose and tone of your paragraph:Each paragraph must provide a thorough analysis of its topic. If a paragraph provides information that is not directly related to the thesis, revise or eliminate the extraneous information. Ask yourself whether each paragraph contributes to the focus and tone of the entire paper and follows the map laid out in your thesis. Be efficient with your sentence development in your paragraph:A paragraph is not a paper. Each paragraph represents a separate step towards a general conclusion about your topic. To that end, each paragraph should develop its idea with as many (or as few) sentences as necessary to make its point clear. Many of you have heard that a paragraph can be considered a
miniature essay
in which there is an introduction (topic sentence), some supportive materials (the sentences of the paragraph), and a conclusion (a concluding sentence). This structure works, but keep in mind that regardless of sentence length or number your main goal is efficiently and completely examining individual ideas. Revise your paragraph organization as you develop your paper:It may be that your thesis will change as you develop your paper; consequently, topic sentences for your paragraphs must change with it. Don't hesitate to discard vague or tangential ideas in favor of more direct ones. Also, make sure each paragraph moves your paper toward its goal, whether it be informative or persuasive. Finally, make sure each paragraph is part of a logical sequence of ideas that are linked by transitions. Believe it or not there are more than one type of paragraph. You may want to investigate some of the intricacies of the introduction and conclusion varieties. Windows of Perception: Word-processing and Your Writing Obviously you have some level of adroitness on the computer to have found your way here, but for those of you who may still be scratching your head as to some of the basics of using a computer the first part of this section includes some very basic information.For those of you who want to leap into the fray immediately, the path to the word-processing information is before you. Some Basics What's a GUI do? GUI stands for Graphical User Interface. Without getting into the war between Mac users and Windows lovers, let's just say that a GUI allows the user to interact with the computer by way of symbolic pictures and icons rather than weird word commands an keystrokes (Most applications still allow you to continue using all of the secret keys you learned as a child). Why is there a rodent on my desk and why should I have to touch him? The Mouse is an integral part of many word-processors. When you place the pointer on an object on the screen and click the buttons, it is like pressing an
on
button on that item. Click Pressing and releasing a mouse-button once is called
clicking.
Double-click Clicking twice in rapid succession is called
double-clicking.
Click and drag The
click-and-drag
technique involves holding down the button while you move the cursor with the mouse. Used in highlighting, or selecting, text. With these basic techniques you should be able to navigate any software that requires a mouse. If you are using a word-processor that does not use a mouse, the functions performed by the mouse are executed with keyboard commands that vary from processor to processor.This is the way to learn some basics about word-processors.This is the way to learn about writing and your word-processor. Revision Revision tends to be divided into two categories, changes that alter the meaning of a text and changes that leave meaning intact. Think of how many changes you can make to a piece of writing. Since there are so many things a writer can do to a text and, often, so little time, it makes sense to make those changes that will make the meaning of your writing more clear to a reader. There are, of course, lots of ways to figure out how to revise a particular piece of writing; every writer is different. What follows is a method that works, either on a whole paper or on a paragraph. Finish a draft or at least part of a draft before you consider revising--otherwise you may never get anything finished. Reread your draft and decide what issues you need to focus on. Always start with the most serious meaning-blocking issues and work down; always make notes on the draft that you read, and consider getting another reader's opinion--maybe even a Writing Center tutor's opinion.Levels to consider: subject & purpose shape paragraphs sentences format ocus on a single issue. Maintaining your focus, talk or write through potential solutions to places where communication breaks down; often problems and solutions are easier to find with the help of an objective reader (e.g., another writer, a Writing Center tutor, or your instructor). Sketch in solutions and write them up. Repeat steps 1 through 5 as often as necessary. Revision Checklist Words like thesis, organization, paragraph, coherence, and comma splice, don't exist just to make your life miserable. All of these terms define the effects of a piece of writing. That is, a paper with a well-defined thesis lets a reader know where it's going; a well-organized paper is one that enables a reader to get from beginning to end without getting lost. Your handbook or a Writing Center tutor can help you describe the effects of your writing (probably using terms like those listed above), but only you can decide to make your writing more meaningful or effective. A revision checklist like the following one can help you write a better paper, but only if you understand what makes effective writing and are willing to make changes. Check your draft for the following devices:Subject thesis unified information tone Shape organizational pattern transitional words introduction & conclusion coherent information Paragraphs topic sentences examples warrants transitional words Sentences complete sentences sentence variety transitional words Format special punctuation page setup documentation Checking for these devices is one way of making sure that your paper sticks to and develops a single idea. Of course, a list cannot replace your commitment to communicating with an audience. If you are not trying to affect your reader with an idea or two, perfect structure and grammar will only go so far. Revision Exercise Look at a piece of writing that you are revising. Work through each of the steps, starting at the top and moving down the list. Make sure that you determine carefully where communication breaks down and how you can go about reestablishing it. Sketch in a solution before setting off on a re-write. Copyediting for Fun and Profit Copyediting or proofreading is part of a larger process called revision, a process that is worth thinking about. Copyediting deals with surface changes; that is with changes that don't alter the meaning of a text. Since there are so many things a writer can do to a text and, often, so little time, it makes sense to make those changes that will make the meaning of your writing more clear to a reader before focusing on surface changes. Still, a paper must be proofread before it is handed in to an academic audience. In college, great ideas only get a writer so far. What follows is a process that many writers use to make certain that their writing is ready for a critical audience. Finish a draft or at least part of a draft before you consider revising at any level--otherwise you may never get anything finished. Of course, you will always start with the most serious meaning-blocking issues and work down:Revision Issues subject & purpose shape paragraphs sentences format Eventually, you will work your way down to the level of sentences and format, the level at which you will
copyedit.
When you focus on sentences and format, there are several things you will need to consider:Copyediting Issues style grammar punctuation word choice Make a list of the issues that you usually struggle with and decide what issue(s) you will focus on first (if you have no idea what to start with, talk to another writer, a Writing Center tutor, or your instructor). Maintaining your focus, go through your paper a sentence at a time and locate and solve problems--use a handbook to find solutions; don't just make them up. Repeat step 4 as often as necessary.